牛伪狂犬病的诊断及其防制

近几年来,我市某县陆续发生不明原因的耕牛猝死,经过一系列的实验室诊断工作,我们确诊系伪狂犬病病毒所致,并采取了相应的防制措施。现将情况报告如下。     

Horizontal transmission of pseudorabies virus in cattle

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was not transmitted horizontally from 3 PRV-infected calves to 2 contact control calves during 4 days of comingling in experiment 1. Although these contact control calves developed clinical signs of pseudorabies when infected intranasally with PRV in experiment 2, they did not transmit PRV to a second pair of contact control calves. However, 1 of 2 pigs comingled with these 4 calves seroconverted. During both experiments, moderate amounts (10(2) to 10(5) TCID50) of PRV were present in the nasal secretions of the infected calves during the contact periods. All infected calves traumatized their nares or periorbital tissue. Infected calves developed a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis mainly involving the brain stem. Four of the 5 infected calves had nonsuppurative ganglioneuritis and acute lymphoid necrosis of germinal centers. Virus could not be recovered from nasal and tonsillar swab samples from contact-control calves and pigs.     

A skin test for pseudorabies virus infection in swine.

Heat-inactivated pseudorabies virus caused cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitive reactions when injected intradermally on the dorsolateral aspect of the thorax and tips of the ears of pigs previously exposed to the homologous virus. The reaction induced by subcutaneous injection in the lower eyelid was more easily administered and evaluated. Nonexposed control pigs did not react to the antigen and exposed and control pigs did not react when injected with a cell control antigen prepared in a similar manner. A positive response was detectable as early as seven days after exposure, reached near maximal levels by 28 days, and remained at similar levels for at least 90 days.     

Emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus infection in Northern China

Our investigation was conducted in order to verify a recent severe epidemic at several swine farms in northern China that indicated a newly emerging disease. Evidence confirmed that the epidemic was caused by a virulent Pseudorabies virus infection in swine herds.     

富源县猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒株感染的血清学调查

为了解富源县猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒株的感染情况,采用阻断ELISA方法,从富源县10个规模化养猪场和5个散养户中随机采取863份猪血样,进行猪伪狂犬病gE抗体的检测。结果显示:15个猪场总的猪伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性率是2.2%;富源县墨红镇散养户的猪场抗体阳性率最高达到11.76%,10~30 d仔猪的抗体阳性率最高为3.40%,规模化饲养的猪伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性率比散养户要低。从检测结果来看,富源县总的猪伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性率比较低,但是部分猪场的生物安全防护有漏洞,对本病的防控要提高警惕,在饲养管理、环境卫生和防护方面应加强。     

A field study of Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle

After an outbreak of mastitis in cattle caused by Mycoplasma bovis a study was made in 5 herds with recent cases (principal herds) and in 4 control herds. In the principal herds, M. bovis was isolated from milk samples, nasal swabs, and from one vaginal swab. M. bovis was also isolated from nasal swabs of calves in 2 of the 4 control herds, whereas all milk samples and vaginal swabs from the control herds were negative. Evaluation of serum antibody titres to M. bovis among non-mastitic animals of 3 principal herds and 1 control herd showed no difference in distribution of the titre values, which generally were low. However, cows excreting M. bovis in the milk had high antibody titres. The way of introduction to the herds and the spread of the infection within the herds could not be established by the study, which was supplemented by a DNA restriction fragment analysis of a number of M. bovis isolates.     

Leucocyte adherence inhibition: a microassay demonstrating antigen recognition in cattle.

Calves, sensitised by cutaneous application of dinitrochlorobenzene, developed lesions of delayed hypersensitivity at the sites of application nine to 14 days later. Leucocytes from sensitised calves, collected 10 to 16 days after sensitisation, reacted in an in vitro leucocyte adherence inhibition test with the same hapten in water soluble form, dinitrobenzenesulphonate. The leucocyte adherence inhibition microtest which was simple, rapid, reproducible and amenable to rigorous statistical analysis, should find use in many areas of bovine immunology.     

Reactivation of latent pseudorabies virus infection in vaccinated commercial sows

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was isolated from 9 of 44 PRV-vaccinated seropositive sows on 5 of 11 farms. Although serum-neutralization antibody titers were 1:16 to 1:256, 28 virus isolates were obtained from tonsil, nasal, or buccal swab samples from 9 sows given 2 ml of dexamethasone/kg of body weight IM for 5 days. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from 6 of 20 sows (3 of 5 farms) given a killed-virus vaccination. Virus was obtained from 3 of 24 sows (2 of 6 farms) given modified-live virus and killed-virus vaccination. Evaluation of the 9 PRV with 5 restriction endonucleases revealed 4 PRV existing genotypes. The 9 isolated types of PRV appeared to be indistinguishable by Kpn I and BamHI restriction endonuclease analysis; however, when analyzed with Sal I, HinfI, and Pst I, isolates 7 (farm D), 8 (farm C), and 9 (farm B) had numerous differences. Isolates 1, 2, 3, and 4 (farm F) and 5 and 6 (farm G) appeared to be the same genotype when further analyzed with Pst I, HinfI, and Sal I.     

Latent infection and subsequent reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine exposed to pseudorabies virus while nursing immune dams

The ability of pseudorabies virus (PRV) to infect and establish latency in pigs with passively acquired (maternal) antibody for PRV was tested by exposing such pigs to the virus and subsequently attempting to reactivate latent virus by administering large doses of dexamethasone. Pigs of each of 4 litters that had nursed gilts with relatively high (512, gilts 1 and 2), moderate (32, gilt 3), and no (less than 2, gilt 4) serum titers of virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies for PRV were allotted to 3 treatment groups (A, B, C) when they were 2 weeks old. Group-A pigs were separated from littermates and dam and thereafter kept in isolation; group-B pigs were experimentally exposed oronasally to PRV and 1 hour later returned to their dam; group-C pigs were kept with their dam and potentially exposed to PRV by contact with littermates of group B. Sera obtained from pigs at selected intervals until they were 17 weeks old were tested for VN activity and for precipitating activity for radiolabeled viral proteins. All group-A pigs remained clinically normal throughout the experiment. Depending on the initial amount of passively acquired antibody, little or no serum VN or precipitating activity remained by the time these pigs were 17 weeks old. Group-B and -C pigs, with relatively high amounts of passively acquired antibody when exposed to PRV, also remained clinically normal. However, most became latently infected as subsequently evidenced by either dexamethasone-induced or noninduced virus reactivation. Noninduced reactivation may have been initiated by weaning the pigs when they were about 8 weeks old.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Novel Propionibacterium infection in cattle

OBJECTIVE: To describe four cases of infection in cattle, from geographically different places, with a presumptive new species of Propionibacterium, which causes granulomatous lesions in the head, thorax, abdomen, pelvic area and skin. PROCEDURE: Gross lesions, ranging from 0.5 to 15 cm and detected during routine carcase inspection at the abattoir, were submitted to the laboratory for routine testing in the National Granuloma Submission Program. The bacterium isolated was identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical reactions, cell wall components, products of fermentation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: Gross lesions submitted for examination consisted of a fibrous outer capsule enclosing thick yellow pus-like material. A Gram-Glynn stain of the histological sections revealed colonies of Gram-positive, filamentous, branching bacteria. Bacteriological culture, cell wall analysis, biochemical reactions and 16S rRNA sequencing identified the organism as a Propionibacterium sp closely related to P cyclohexanicum and the P freudenreichii cluster. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a Propionibacterium sp closely related to P cyclohexanicum and the P freudenreichii cluster associated with extensive granulomatous lesions in cattle in Queensland. Sequencing data are suggestive of a previously undescribed species of the Propionibacterium genus.     

Semen changes in boars after experimental infection with pseudorabies virus

Two groups of adult boars were inoculated with a field strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) by intranasal droplet; one group was given 5 x 10(5) median tissue culture infective doses (TCID50), and the other, 5 x 10(6) TCID50. (A third group was maintained as controls.) Ejaculates were examined twice a week for volume, sperm numbers, sperm morphology, and presence of PRV. Severe clinical disease with fever followed administration of the larger virus dose. Death (one boar), testicular degeneration, and transient elevation in spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplets were seen in different members of this group. The smaller dose resulted in seroconversion, but did not produce signs of disease. In this group, volume, sperm numbers, and sperm morphology did not decline when compared with base-line values or data of control animals. The virus was not isolated from semen. Effects of PRV infection on semen quality in boars seem to be related to the associated clinical signs of systemic disease.     

Diagnosis of pseudorabies virus infection in pigs with specific DNA probes

Two DNA probes directed against pseudorabies virus DNA were developed for use in a dot hybridisation to detect the presence of pseudorabies virus in infected tissues. The specificity of the probes and their sensitivity were analysed. There was a strong correlation between the results obtained by dot hybridisation and those obtained by conventional methods of virus isolation from the same tissue specimens.     

Corynebacterial infection of cattle in Kenya

Summary Skin infections in cattle caused by Corynebacterium ovis, either as the main pathogen or in association with other organisms, was investigated on a Kenya ranch. The morbidity rate was approximately 25% involving more than 3,000 cattle and the condition appeared to be highly infectious. Three treatment regimes were instituted and the most effective proved to be lancing and irrigating the large abscesses with iodine solution.

---

Infeccion Corinebacterica Del Ganado En Kenia

Resumen Se investigaron en un rancho de Kenia, infecciones de la piel causadas porCorynebacterium ovis como principal patógeo o en asociación con otros organismos. La tasa de morbilidad fué de aproximadamente 25% siendo la condición altamente contagiosa. Se instituyeron tres tratamientos siendo el más efectivo la ruptura de los abscesos y su irrigación con una solución yódica.

---

Infection Corynebacterienne Du Betail, Au Kenya

Résumé Des infections cutanées du bétail causées parCorynebacterium ovis, soit en tant que germe pathogène dominant soit en association avec d'autres organismes ont eté constatées dans un ranch du Kenya. Le taux de morbidité a été de 25 p.100 environ pour plus de 3 000 animaux, et cette maladie est apparue extrêmement infectieuse. Trois traitements ont été institués, le plus satisfaisant consistant dans la ponction des abcès les plus importants et leur lavage par irrigation avec une solution iodée.

     

猪伪狂犬病毒TK缺失株PRV/TK~-的构建及其生物学特性

为了构建伪狂犬病毒容A株(PRV-Ra)TK基因缺失重组病毒,本研究利用PCR从PRV-Ra株基因组分别扩增TK基因两侧的序列LTK和RTK,将LTK和RTK克隆到pUC19载体,构建转移质粒pUC19-TK/HEK。进一步将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)表达盒克隆到pUC19-TK/HEK质粒中,构建转移质粒pUC19-TK/EGFP。用pUC19-TK/EGFP与PRV-Ra株基因组共转染BHK21细胞,通过噬斑纯化获得重组病毒PRV/TK-/EGFP;用pUC19-TK/HEK与PRV/TK-/EGFP病毒基因组共转染BHK21细胞,噬斑纯化获得不含EGFP基因的重组病毒PRV/TK-。该重组病毒在体外传30代后仍其有良好的遗传稳定性;PRV/TK-体外增殖速度、对家兔的毒力以及对仔猪的安全性和抗体反应性研究表明,重组毒株与原始株(PRV-Ra)在BHK21上具有相似的增殖规律;PRV/TK-对家兔的毒力比PRV-Ra下降了10000倍;以105.0TCID50PRV/TK-免疫小猪后4周,体内产生的平均中和抗体水平达101.9,略高于对照疫苗产生的抗体水平(101.8)。本试验为PRV基因功能的研...     

A herd level analysis of urinary tract infection in dairy cattle

Cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis in cattle most commonly result from ascending urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium cystidis, Corynebacterium pilosum or Escherichia coli. We describe the clinical, bacteriological, clinical-pathological and epidemiological findings in a dairy cattle herd with urinary tract infection (UTI). Blood and urine samples from 17 calves and 19 cows were submitted to laboratory examinations. Depression, muscle wasting, weakness and frequent urine dribbling were the main characteristics of UTI in calves. Affected cows showed weight loss and an abrupt reduction in feed intake and milk production. Enlargement of the left kidney and loss of normal lobulation were evident on rectal examination. E. coli was the most frequent cause of UTI but C. renale, alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Oligella urethralis were isolated as well. Differences in total protein and several protein fractions were found between affected and healthy animals.