人参黑斑病菌对人参生理指标的影响

本文主要研究人参在接种人参黑斑病菌后,体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性变化。结果表明:两种植株体4种酶值变化趋势均随时间的延长而上升,酶活性均为长芦人参高于马牙人参。     

试验条件对标准橡胶塑性初值和保持率的影响与分析

通过测试不同厚度的试样和改变相同厚度试样的老化时间及温度来验证和分析试样厚度对塑性初值(P0)、老化条件对塑性保持率(PRI)的影响。试验表明,在其它试验条件不变的情况下,试样厚度偏大塑性初值(P0)也相应偏大,老化时间越长和老化温度越高,老化后的P30和塑性保持率(PRI)就越小。     

水葫芦水浸液对4种受体植物的生物活性的研究

研究了在天然鲜胶乳中分别以盐酸羟胺、硫酸羟胺、盐酸联胺、硫酸联胺、水合联胺、盐酸氨基脲、苯胺等作恒粘剂,采用微生物凝固工艺制备的天然橡胶(NR)在常温贮存过程中门尼粘度的变化。结果表明,盐酸羟胺、硫酸羟胺的用量在0.05%(对干胶)时就可以使NR的门尼粘度稳定,可制得低粘度的恒粘NR;水合联胺的用量需要达到0.20%～0.30% 时,可制得中高粘度的恒粘NR;盐酸氨基脲的用量在0.05% 时,可制得中等粘度的恒粘NR,用量在0.10%～0.20% 时,可制得低粘度的恒粘NR;苯胺的用量在0.01%～0.03% 时,可制得中等粘度的恒粘NR,用量在0.05%～0.20% 时,可制得高粘度的恒粘NR;硫酸联胺和盐酸联胺无法使NR 的门尼粘度稳定,但它们能使NR的门尼粘度增加。     

印尼菜叶市场跨步前进

过去，印度尼西亚以出口红茶闻名，而现在印尼开始进行产品多元化，并逐步采取措施改善其业务。 200多年来，茶叶在印尼文化中一直扮演着不可或缺的角色，到现在印尼已成为世界上茶叶主产国之一：印尼茶叶芳香醇厚、色泽亮丽，主要用作茶叶拼配。但是，印尼茶产业的最新发展扩大了该国茶叶贸易的范围，开辟了更多的茶类市场，给茶叶贸易带来了更多的发展空间。     

甜菜丛根病的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定

对甜菜丛根病毒采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(Double antibody sandwich assay,DAS-ELISA)法进行了检测,并对测定方法及检测结果进行了分析讨论.     

SOE法对大豆苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)基因拼接的应用研究

利用SOE(Splicing by Overlap Extension)法对大豆苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的两个外显子进行拼接,得到完整的PAL基因,表明这种方法是有效可行的.这种技术是作为对cDNA克隆的初步改进与尝试,节约了成本,有一定的应用价值.     

热处理后芒果、香蕉果皮PAL活性变化与炭疽病发生的关系

热处理后芒果、香蕉果实果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性在贮藏期间的变化与炭疽病发生关系的研究结果表明,果实采后经热处理或接种炭疽病菌均可诱导芒果、香蕉果实果皮ＰＡＬ活性提高,处理后 ２ ｄ,果皮ＰＡＬ活性达到最大值。其后随着热效应的减弱,果实的后熟,酶活性逐渐下降,直至果实完熟时达最低值,然后随着炭疽病的出现,ＰＡＬ活性又有所上升。经热处理的果实,贮藏期间炭疽病发生速度较慢,发病率低,果皮ＰＡＬ活性处于最低值。      

闽南乌龙茶成型机理的试验初探

采用丹桂品种为原料，设计“速包＋平板”和“全速包”两种造型方式进行造型。分析了造型各阶段含水率、柔软性、塑性和弹性等物理特性的变化，对造型过程在制叶的三性与含水率进行相关性分析，探讨了造型过程物理特性与茶叶成型的关系，初步探明闽南乌龙茶成型机理。结果表明，含水率在42％～45％之间时，柔软性和塑性位于最高值，而弹性处于较低值，此时是茶叶造型的最佳时机；柔软性、塑性与含水率呈极显著正相关。而弹性与含水率呈不显著负相关。     

作业成本法在实施CMM认证的 软件企业中的应用

从软件企业的价值链分析出发，探讨了ABC在实施CMM认证的软件企业中的应用。首先分析软件企业的价值链、企业成本构成及其特点。然后，给出了基于软件企业内部价值链的作业分析，并选择其中一个作业进行较为具体的探讨。     

不同耐性大豆品种阿特拉津处理后的防御酶反应

为阐明大豆对除草剂阿特拉津的耐性机制,利用250 mg·L-1(田间使用浓度)阿特拉津处理大豆,在处理后不同时间分别测定大豆根系与叶片中过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化.结果表明:大豆在接受阿特拉津处理后,3种酶的活性高于未经过阿特拉津处理的大豆.阿特拉津处理后大豆根系的酶活明显高于叶片的活性,而且大豆...     

云南省高蛋白地方小麦及"铁壳麦" 种质资源抗条锈性的初步研究

为了从云南省地方小麦种质资源中发掘优异抗条锈材料,采用近年来国内主要流行小种条中31、条中32、水源11—14及Hybrid46—7、Hybrid46—8等,对37份高蛋白地方小麦(普通小麦)和23份特有小麦(云南小麦,俗称“铁壳麦”)种质的抗条锈性进行了初步研究。结果表明,参试材料不同程度地具有很强的抗条锈性,全生育期表现免疫的占48．33％,仅成株期表现免疫的占18．33％,成株期表现中～高抗的占6．67%,具有慢锈性的占26．67％,说明这批优异抗锈种质可作为云南省小麦抗条锈育种的宝贵抗源材料。     

Functional roles of root plasticity and its contribution to water uptake and dry matter production of CSSLs with the genetic background of KDML105 under soil moisture fluctuation

Soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall in rainfed lowland (RFL) rice ecosystems negatively affect production. Under such condition, root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles for plant adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate root plasticity expression and its functional roles in water uptake, dry matter production and yield under SMF using three chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with major genetic background of KDML105 and a common substituted segment in chromosome 8. The CSSLs showed greater shoot dry matter production than KDML105 under SMF, which was attributed to the maintenance of stomatal conductance resulting in higher grain yield. The root system development based on total root length of the CSSLs were significantly higher than that of KDML105 due to the promoted production of nodal and lateral roots. These results implied that the common substituted segments in chromosome 8 of the 3 CSSLs may be responsible for the expression of their root plasticity under SMF and contributed to the increase in water uptake and consequently dry matter production and yield. These CSSLs could be used as a good source of genetic material for drought resistance breeding programs targeting rainfed lowland condition with fluctuating soil moisture environments and for further genetic studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying root plasticity.     

Effect of nitrogen application on the expression of drought-induced root plasticity of upland NERICA rice

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the effect of three N fertilization levels 60 (low), 120 (medium), and 180 (high) kg N ha^?1 and soil moisture content gradients created by a line-source sprinkler on the expression of plasticity in lateral root branching and dry matter production (DMP) of upland new rice for Africa (NERICA) 1 and 4. There were no significant differences in DMP between NERICA 1 and 4 under well-watered, mild drought, and severe drought conditions regardless of N level. In contrast, under moderate drought (12–21% v/v of soil moisture content [SMC] in 2011 and 16–24% v/v of SMC in 2012), NERICA 1 had significantly higher shoot dry weight, total root length (TRL), lateral root length, and branching index than NERICA 4 at medium and high N; however, there was no significant difference between the two NERICAs in DMP at low N. TRL of NERICA 1 was significantly higher under moderate drought than well-watered conditions, but only with medium and high N. Regardless of N level, moderate drought did not enhance NERICA 4’s root system. Thus, NERICA 1’s root system exhibited plastic development, promoting lateral root branching at medium and high N. These morphological changes were associated with the greater DMP in NERICA 1 than NERICA 4 under moderate drought, whereas the lack of such plasticity at low N meant genotypic differences in DMP were obscured. Our findings implied that N application can improve upland NERICA productivity under moderate drought conditions, but differences in variety and field conditions may influence efficacy.     

水分胁迫对香蕉幼苗保护酶活性的影响

采用水培试验方法研究香蕉幼苗叶片在不同水分胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)3种保护酶的活性变化。结果表明,胁迫后,香蕉幼苗叶片的SOD、CAT和POD活性都呈现先升高后下降的趋势。复水后3种保护酶活性均可恢复到与对照相当的水平。因此认为,水分胁迫影响香蕉幼苗保护酶活性,降低幼苗的抗旱能力。     

CIMMYT小麦在我国的产量和品质表现

为了研究近年来国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)育成的小麦品种的产量、品质等性状及其在我国春麦区的表现，选用新引进的10个CIMMYT小麦新品种和我国15个主栽春小麦品种，在国内9个试点进行了两年联合多点试验。结果表明，CIMMYT小麦新品种对我国中西部地区适应性较好，在产量和品质方面总体表现较我国品种好，其中大多数品种具有优质高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)，沉淀值较高，对叶锈病抗性突出。今后在继续提高产量的同时，应把改良我国小麦的加工品质和抗病性作为重点，开展对CIMMYT小麦种质的直接和间接利用研究。     

胶茶间作的他感作用现象

研究了橡胶叶片水浸出液对茶树种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，橡胶叶片水浸出液含有对茶树生长有他感作用的物质，其抑制作用效果与抑制物的浓度有直接关系，即高浓度时，抑制茶子萌发及幼苗生长；低浓度时则有促进作用。     

Protein digestibility (in vitro) of chickpea and blackgram seeds as affected by domestic processing and cooking

Protein digestibility (in vitro) of grains of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and blackgram (Vigna mungo) cultivars varied from 48 to 53% and 52 to 58%, respectively. Soaking, cooking (both of unsoaked and soaked seeds), autoclaving and sprouting improved significantly the protein digestibility of all the cultivars of chickpea and blackgram. Autoclaving was found to be most effective followed by cooking and sprouting; cooking of sprouts had only marginal effect. Protein digestibility was higher when soaked instead of unsoaked grains were cooked.     

Effect of processing on the in vitro digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates in some Indian legumes

The effect of different types of processing such as boiling, pressure cooking, puffing, frying, germination, and germination followed by cooking on the protein and carbohydrate digestibility of chickpea, horsegram and cowpea were studied in in vitro systems. In the case of chickpea, the protein digestibility was not significantly improved by any of the treatments. However, for horsegram and cowpea, improvement in protein digestibility was observed after some of the different processing treatments. Frying decreased the protein digestibility in all of the pulses. All of the treatments, except germination, caused a marked increase in in vitro carbohydrate digestibility.     

Preparation,Identification, Molecular Docking Study and Protective Function on HUVECs of Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna Muscle

To prepare bioactive peptides with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Alcalase was selected from five kinds of protease for hydrolyzing Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle, and its best hydrolysis conditions were optimized using single factor and response surface experiments. Then, the high ACEi protein hydrolysate (TMPH) of skipjack tuna muscle was prepared using Alcalase under the optimum conditions of enzyme dose 2.3%, enzymolysis temperature 56.2 °C, and pH 9.4, and its ACEi activity reached 72.71% at 1.0 mg/mL. Subsequently, six novel ACEi peptides were prepared from TMPH using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and were identified as Ser-Pro (SP), Val-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Phe (VDRYF), Val-His-Gly-Val-Val (VHGVV), Tyr-Glu (YE), Phe-Glu-Met (FEM), and Phe-Trp-Arg-Val (FWRV), with molecular weights of 202.3, 698.9, 509.7, 310.4, 425.6, and 606.8 Da, respectively. SP and VDRYF displayed noticeable ACEi activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.28 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking analysis illustrated that the high ACEi activity of SP and VDRYF was attributed to effective interaction with the active sites/pockets of ACE by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, SP and VDRYF could significantly up-regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulate endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in HUVECs after 24 h treatment, but also abolish the negative effect of 0.5 μM norepinephrine (NE) on the generation of NO and ET-1. Therefore, ACEi peptides derived from skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) muscle, especially SP and VDRYF, are beneficial components for functional food against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.     

3个巴西橡胶树品种的死皮病调查

在现有割胶制度下对巴西橡胶树3个品种(热研8-79、热研7-33-97、PR107)的死皮病进行了调查。结果表明：这3个品种的幼龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为热研7-33-97(开割4年)＞ PR107(开割6年)＞热研8-79(开割3年),中龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为PR107(开割15年)＞热研7-33-97(开割8年)＞热研8-79(开割14年)。3个品种的中龄橡胶树比幼龄橡胶树的死皮病发病率、停割率和病情指数都有所上升。总体来看,对于幼龄橡胶树而言,肥水条件较好的地块,年干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率低;而中龄树除热研7-33-97表现出幼龄树的趋势外,其它2个品种(热研8-79和PR107)则干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率也高。绝大多数死皮病属割面干涸类型,少部分为褐皮病;褐皮病有一部分是一开始就发生的,多数是由割面干涸发展而来的。在停割至少1年之后,能够恢复排胶的死皮树比例较小,很少超过10%。在3个橡胶树品种中, PR107品种恢复排胶的比例最高,幼龄树和中龄树恢复率分别达8.70%和6.20%。