在华南热作两院支持指导下本省在龙溪厦门地区开展热作病虫害普查

不久前,在华南热作学院和华南热作研究院的大力支持和具体指导下,省农业局组织植胶种麻农场技术力量,在龙溪、厦门地区开展以橡胶、剑麻为主的热带作物病虫害普查.华南热作两院对本省热作病虫害普查工作十分重视,并派出七位有经验的同志远道赶来指导开展这一工作,协助本省举办了植保短训班,具体介绍橡胶、剑麻主要热带作物病虫害情况和防治方法,同时展示了这些病虫害的症状标本和病原菌形态,为普查工作做好充分准备.这次病虫害普查,分两个组进行.龙溪普查组具体深入到诏安、云霄、漳浦、平和等县     

模糊推理在热带作物病虫害诊断系统中的应用

将模糊推理应用到热带作物病虫害诊断系统中,既要考虑热带作物病虫害种类及其为害症状的多样性,又要兼顾每一种病虫害为害症状的独特性。热带作物病虫害诊断系统将权重指数存储在数据库,然后以模块的方式对指数进行公式运算,同时根据病虫害症状的阀值,筛选用户提出的症状信息,选用加权算法计算症状相似性,最终得出准确的结果。     

平湖市水稻病虫绿色防控技术初探

本文介绍了2012年平湖市开展水稻病虫害绿色防控的实施情况、主要做法和技术,并对进一步促进水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的发展提出了建议。     

热烈庆祝“福建省热带作物学会”2019年会在漳浦召开福建省热带作物科学研究所派员参加年会

正2019年11月4日-5日,福建省热带作物学会2019年学术年会暨热作产业发展研讨会在福建省漳州市漳浦县召开,我所所长陈振东教授级高级农艺师、林宗铿副研究员等一行6人参加了会议。会上,福建农林大学张绍升教授作了"警惕若干热带作物危险性病虫害"的学术报告,对香蕉、荔枝、百香果等几种热带作物的主要病虫害诊断与防治作了详细的介绍。我所罗金水副研究员作了"福建省百香果产业发展及病虫害防治与诊断"的学术报告,     

作物及热带作物病虫害数据库的研制和建立

通用的“作物病虫害数据库管理系统（ＰＥＳＴＢＡＳＥ２．１）”和用此系统建立的“热带作物病虫害数据库管理系统”的主要信息项有：各种寄主作物的种类、种植利用，各种病虫的分类地位、地理分布、检疫情况、生物学特性、危害症状、发生规律、天敌、防治方法和农药信息。所建热带作物病虫害数据库管理信息系统中已录用１０００余篇有关献或专中的相关信息，涉及的作用种类有：橡胶、咖啡、可可、胡椒、油棕、椰子、腰果、热带     

《热带作物学报》征稿简则

正《热带作物学报》为中国科学技术协会主管,中国热带作物学会主办的中文核心期刊,以反映热带作物科学创新领域的最新进展、最新成果、最新技术和方法为办刊方向,主要刊载热带作物基础研究、病虫害与防治、营养与土壤、农产品加工与综合利用等方面的研究论文,刊载少量综述和学术动态、书讯等。     

中国重大热带作物病虫害生物防治发展战略研究

阐述了生物防治在综合防治体系中的重要地位及热带作物病虫害生物防治的意义，论述了罗内外生防科研和应用概况以及热带作物病虫害生防工作所存在的问题，在此基础上，提出了我国热带作物病虫害生物防治的目标，任务和措施。     

橡胶产业升级与关键技术调研——橡胶树采胶及病虫害防控

通过对我国海南、云南、广东三大植胶区橡胶产业发展情况的调研,简要阐述橡胶采胶及病虫害防控方面的现状。探讨分析橡胶采胶及病虫害方面所面临的采胶技术管理执行不够好,橡胶树割面干涸病防控技术仍未获得突破,橡胶树常规病虫危害日趋严重及新病虫害不断涌现,橡胶栽培技术经济合理性研究不够等问题。提出通过切实做好采胶技术管理,割面干涸病防控技术研发,高效安全的采胶技术及新型刺激剂复方的研发,橡胶树突发病虫害监测预报及应急防控技术,橡胶树根病综合防控及植保药物技术研发等建议,发展提升橡胶产业整体水平。     

黄淮海南部地区大豆主要病虫害种类及防控措施

大豆是我国的重要农作物,是国内外蛋白质和食用油的主要来源。文章针对黄淮海南部大豆区域高蛋白夏大豆生产中主要的病虫害进行了调查和分析,并对如何防控大豆主要病虫害的措施进行了综述,以期为黄淮海大豆生产中的病虫害综合防控提供参考。     

世界热带作物生产国农业基本情况简析

对世界主要热带作物生产国家和地区进行了划分，在此基础上，分别对这些国家的农业资源基本情况做了简要介绍，最后对主要热带作物生产国农业发展的基本特征进行了归纳总结。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。