一种高效、准确测定油菜中维生素C含量的方法

为准确测定出油菜中维生素C的含量，在国标基础上，建立了一种高效、准确测定新鲜油菜维生素C含量 的方法。结果表明：维生素C在测定范围内峰面积与标准液浓度线性关系良好，相关系数为0.9999。油菜维生素C 含量测定的回收率为97.97%~101.40%，相对标准偏差RSD仅为1.84%，说明用该方法重现性良好，具有快速准确、 稳定可靠等特点。贮藏温度越低，维生素C降解的速度越慢，用液氮贮藏样品更有利于维生素C的保存和精准鉴 定；利用液氮冷冻并研磨样品更有利于样品中维生素C的提取，测得油菜中维生素C含量与仅均质化处理相比平均 增加了约16%；液氮中贮藏的样品在不同时间下测定其维生素C含量并无显著变化，测得维生素C含量的RSD均小 于2%。利用此方法可以测定较长时间保存样品中的维生素C，可满足高通量、高准确率的要求，有利于油菜的菜用 营养和育种研究。     

不同加工工艺对超微茶粉的理化性质影响

研究分析了不同加工工艺超微茶粉球磨粉碎工艺、气磨粉碎工艺超微茶粉主要理化性质。不同粉碎处理的超微茶粉在理化成分含量、色泽、香气及滋味特征等方面均有所差异。结果表明,球磨、气磨粉碎超微茶粉游离氨基酸含量分别为25.4 mg/g、22.9 mg/g;咖啡碱含量分别为33.8 mg/g、33.6 mg/g;水溶性糖含量分别为31.2 mg/g、30.8 mg/g;水溶性蛋白质含量分别为21.1 mg/g、19.2 mg/g;茶多酚含量分别为172.2 mg/g、150.3 mg/g。球磨粉碎超微茶粉感官品质特征优于气磨粉碎超微茶粉,茶叶中的茶多酚、咖啡碱等主要香气物质、营养物质的损失也低于气磨粉碎超微茶粉,本实验对比两者理化性质的区别分析,从而可以为提高超微茶粉品质的加工措施提供理论依据。     

大豆胚芽中α-VE含量的HPLC测定

用反相高效液相色谱法测定了大豆胚芽中的α-VE含量,比较了两种不同前处理方法对样品中α-VE含量的影响.结果表明,大豆胚芽中α-VE含量为36.60～46.10mg/100g样品;样品预处理时,超声离心法比皂化离心法处理,测得样品中α-VE含量高出8.29%～15.39%;样品预处理过程中加入抗坏血酸比不加抗坏血酸,测得α-VE含量要高出2.21%～9.16%.     

正交式香蕉茎叶疏解粉碎机设计与试验

针对香蕉茎叶粗大、纤维长韧、含水率高等问题，研究设计一款专用于香蕉茎叶粉碎还田机。样机在普通粉碎机只能进行单向切割以粉碎的基础上，首次增加了两级纵向疏解齿辊和拾取耙轮，以实现香蕉茎叶正交式粉碎还田的机械化。以本机具进行田间试验。结果表明：该样机生产率为10.4 t/h；工作效率达到0.38 hm2/h；香蕉茎叶的切碎率为87.8 %，符合香蕉茎叶粉碎还田的农艺要求。该机有利于改善土壤养分，提高香蕉茎叶的综合利用率，具有极高的使用推广价值和意义。     

棉包水分测试仪效果比较

Byler R K等以烘干法为参照研究了7种棉包水分测试仪（AquaBoy系列2个型号、Delmhorst系列1个型号、Strandberg Analog系列4个型号）的使用效果。试验在处于美国Lubbock、Mesilla Park和Stonevile的3个工厂进行,共选96个棉包（12个Pima棉包、84个陆地棉包）,每个棉包设6个测试点,共获得7000多条数据。结果表明,皮棉棉样烘干法测定水分含量范围在2．3％～9．4％,标准误0．15％～0．42％;不同测试仪的结果差别明显,且均与烘干法测定结果存在显著差异;大多数测试仪测得数据偏离烘干法测定值-3．3～3．3个百分点;     

高含水量玉米籽粒与果穗的粉碎

目前,苏联和国外都在广泛应用高含水量(30～35％)畜禽饲用玉米籽粒和籽粒穗轴混合物的贮藏技术。按照这种技术要求,在粉碎料中不含整粒,小于2毫米的颗粒应占80％。有筛锤式粉碎机及其它生产率为30～40吨/小时的粉碎机为主要粉碎机械,借助于这些机械可达到上述粉碎程度。已经确认,贮藏的高含水量玉米粉碎籽粒     

近红外光谱分析技术在小麦营养成份鉴定上的应用

用近红外光谱分析技术对１２４个小麦品种的营养成份含量进行了比较测定。结果表明，用近红外光谱分析技术测得小麦样品的水分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、赖氨酸含量与常规分析法测值之间的相关系数分别为０．９７１４、０．９８６２、０．９５４８和０．９８４７，估测变异系数分别为２．１％、１．４％、６．８％和１．１％，４项指标的近红外光谱法测定均达到了和常规分析法测值相近的水平     

利用分级式冲击磨制备超细全脂大豆粉

采用LNI-610-30分级式冲击磨粉碎设备,在干法状态下分别使用陶瓷和不锈钢2种打击轨道粉碎全脂大豆。结果表明:国产设备有能力制备平均粒度为7.5μm的超细全脂大豆粉;试验得到样品的粒径分布和粒度大小与标准样品相近,且试验设备产量大、效率高,能耗约为气流粉碎设备的三分之一;但是豆粉溶解度和生成产品的口感不理想,粉碎温度偏高,设备内部粘附现象严重。     

制粉系统各粉路面粉的糊化特性

为了了解研究小麦制粉系统各粉路面粉的糊化特性变化状况,以磨粉系统各粉路抽取的60个面粉样品为研究对象,测定样品的糊化参数。分析比较结果表明,粉路各系统之间和系统内面粉样品的糊化特性也存在着不同程度的差异。心磨系统、渣磨系统和重筛系统小麦粉糊化温度相对较低,起始糊化时间短,峰值粘度高,蛋白质含量适中;不同粉路中小麦粉的水分、蛋白质、起始糊化时间和糊化温度变化不大。而峰值粘度、回生值和热糊稳定性无论在系统之间或者系统内变化均十分明显;破损值相对变化范围较小。     

利生源牌王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量测定

目的：测定王浆花粉产品中化学成分的含量；方法：采用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法，以芦丁作为对照品，测定总黄酮的含量，用药典方法测定水分含量、醚提物含量、醇提物含量；结果：王浆花粉产品中总黄酮的含量为0．2393％（脱色前）或0．2447％（脱色后），水分含量24．48％，醚提物含量10．80％，醇提物含量41．77％；结论：用三氯化铝-醋酸钠比色法测定工浆花粉产品中总黄酮含量简便、准确。     

On Predicting Roller Milling Performance V: Effect of Moisture Content on the Particle Size Distribution from First Break Milling of Wheat

Extended breakage functions incorporating both single kernel size and moisture content were determined for First Break milling of hard and soft wheats under a sharp-to-sharp disposition. A moisture correction function was constructed by milling narrow size fractions of wheat tempered to different moisture contents, and subtracting the breakage function at a base moisture content of 16% from that at other moisture contents. The effect of adding moisture was to change an initially inverted U-shaped distribution at low moisture contents to a linear distribution at 16% moisture, then to a U-shaped distribution at higher moisture contents, reminiscent of the particle size distributions produced by dull-to-dull milling. The extended breakage functions were used to predict milling of unseparated feed samples at different roll gaps and moisture contents. In addition, mixtures of hard wheat at 14% moisture and soft wheat at 20% moisture, mixed in different proportions, were milled and the resulting particle size distributions compared with predictions. Excellent predictions were obtained in all cases. This confirms the independent breakage of kernels during First Break milling, and demonstrates the potential of the breakage function approach for interpreting single kernel data in terms of predictions of milling performance.     

Milling efficiency of triticale grain for commercial flour production

Triticale is a high yielding cereal grain, however low milling yields have discouraged its utilisation as a wheat alternative in processed flour products. This research investigated the role of hardness, grain size and tempering moisture on milling yields in modern triticale genotypes which do not exhibit shrivelled grain morphology. Replicate samples of three triticale varieties grown in two environments with a bread wheat standard were milled at five moisture contents. Both milling yield and ash content increased with decreasing tempering moisture in all genotypes. Triticale milling yield was between 7.1% and 10.1% less than wheat when tempered between 11% and 15% moisture respectively. The very hard textured triticale exhibited extremely low milling yield, similar to durum wheat. The ratio of ash in flour compared to bran was greater in triticale and the ash content of triticale flour could not be reduced to the level of wheat by alteration of tempering moisture. Surface area of larger triticale grain may also influence ideal tempering moisture, however further investigation is required. Milling yields and flour protein content in triticale can be improved by tempering triticale to lower moisture content, provided high ash content is not considered unfavourable in the final product.     

Wet milled products,yields and composition of high-moisture corn treated with two long-chain polyphosphates

Corn at 21% and 14·4% moisture was treated with two long-chain polyphosphates. The corn was wet milled using a laboratory batch steeping process soon after treatment and again after 6 months of cold storage. The phosphate content of the steep solutions, and the yields and approximate composition of the milled fractions, were determined. The steep solutions of the phosphate-treated corn were significantly higher in phosphate than those of the untreated corn, but the total solids contents of the steep solutions were not significantly different. Phosphate-treated corn had a lower starch yield than did untreated corn after 6 months of storage, but the purity of the starch was unaffected. The yields of the other products, in general, were not affected by phosphate treatment. The protein content of the gluten and fiber was greater than in phosphate-treated corn, and the oil content of the germ was lower when milled soon after treatment but not after 6 months of storage. When the phosphate treatment did affect the wet milled fractions, the effects were not dependent on the type or level of phosphate used, but were influenced in some cases by storage time.     

Evaluation of roller milling potential of amaranth grains

In the present study roller milling potential of amaranth grains was evaluated. The conditioning moisture influenced the millability of the amaranth grain. The results showed that the coarse seed coat (CSC) fraction increased from 12.91 to 38.33% with increase in conditioning moisture of the grains from 11 to 18.5%. The nutrients were more concentrated in the CSC fraction, while flour (FL) fraction showed low protein, ash, fat and dietary fiber contents. As the grain moisture content was increased from 11.0 to 15.5%, the yield of flour decreased with improvement in the brightness values. CSC showed higher values for redness and yellowness and lower values for brightness compared to other milled fractions. CSC had the highest water and oil holding capacities with the values of 410 g/100 g and 215 g/100 g respectively. The swelling power was also higher for CSC and fine seed coat (FSC) fractions. Among milled fractions, highest pasting temperature of 75.9 °C and peak viscosity of 212 BU was recorded for CSC and FL fractions respectively. These results showed that the roller mill can be used for milling amaranth grains to produce fractions rich in nutrients with unique functional properties.     

硬粒小麦若干淀粉性状研究

为了解硬粒小麦品种不同磨粉样品和不同类型间的淀粉品质特性,测定了2个硬粒小麦品种4种不同磨粉样品的膨胀势和5个不同类型品种的膨胀势和直链淀粉含量。结果表明,2个硬粒小麦品种不同磨粉样品的膨胀势均以淀粉最高;缺失4A型和7A型的硬粒小麦品种具有膨胀势高、直链淀粉含量低的特性。文中还对我国硬粒小麦品质改良作了讨论。     

精度对稻米品质的影响

 以5个中至长粒形的籼稻品种为材料,研究了碾米精度对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,精度对以精米为对象的各项米质指标的影响十分显著,其中精度与精米的白度、胶稠度、糊化温度及直链淀粉含量等米质指标成正相关,而与精米的整米率、长宽比以及蛋白质含量等米质指标成负相关。     

The influence of milling on the nutritive value of flour from cereal grains. 4. Rice

Brown and milled rices were prepared from rough rice, and the nutritive value of the rices was studied by chemical analyses and in balance experiments with growing rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased with the degree of milling, but the energy density of brown and milled rices was similar. In the highly refined white rice the protein content was reduced to 86% and the mineral content to 23% of corresponding levels in brown rice. The zinc concentration was halved. The amino acid composition was rather unaffected by the degree of milling, but the lysine concentration was slightly lower in white rice than in brown rice. Milling was accompanied by an increase in true protein digestibility and a corresponding decrease in biological value. Thus net protein utilization of the different rices was remarkably uniform. A total of 33% of the utilizable protein and 22% of the digestible energy in brown rice was removed during milling. Rats fed rough, brown and lightly milled rices were unable to maintain their femur zinc concentration; deposition of calcium and phosphorus also appeared to be affected. Factors present in the outer part of the rice kernel interfere strongly with zinc utilization. Phytate and/or fibre are not solely responsible for this effect. Unless rice was milled into highly refined white rice, zinc status of rats was adversely affected. The results suggest that zinc might be a limiting factor in rice-based diets.     

留胚米加工专用品种筛选研究

针对留胚米产业化生产时出现的留胚率低、碎米率高、食味差等问题,以2011年收获的黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省的60个粳稻品种为试验材料,采用SATAKE-TM05试验级碾米机进行留胚米加工试验,筛选留胚率较高的品种,并对留胚率高的品种测定留胚米饭的感官评分和食味综合评分,选出留胚率高且感官评分高的品种;对样品的碾磨品质如糙米率、碾白率及外观品质如糙米白度、精米白度、碎米率、不完善粒率等进行分析检验。结果表明,60个样品中留胚率较高且感官评分较高的品种有6个,即龙稻10号、牡丹江27、牡丹江28、牡丹江30、吉粳95和松粳9;留胚率与碾白率和精米白度相关性较好,与碾白率呈极显著正相关,与精米白度呈极显著负相关,与糙米率呈显著负相关,与不完善粒率呈显著正相关。     

直立与弯曲穗型水稻穗上不同部位籽粒碾磨品质的比较

以直立穗型和弯曲穗型水稻材料为对象,研究了穗上不同部位和不同粒位籽粒在碾米品质上的差异。弯曲穗型材料整穗籽粒的糙米率、精米率及整精米率以及粒重均高于直立穗型材料,其中整精米率差异达到显著水平。总体而言,在稻穗的同一部位,两穗型材料一次枝梗籽粒的糙米率、精米率、整精米率和粒重均高于二次枝梗的籽粒;一次枝梗上以第2 或第3粒位籽粒的糙米率、精米率和整精米率较高,第1 粒位籽粒的较低;穗上同一部位二次枝梗籽粒的碾米品质在两穗型材料间的差异大于一次枝梗,而穗型与其排序并无直接关系;两穗型材料籽粒粒重在穗上的分布与排序基本一致。因此,可以通过育种选择来改良直立穗型材料的碾磨品质。