子午线轮胎胶的研制和应用

为实现子午线轮胎天然胶国产化，对采用“工厂集中生物凝固工艺”制备子午线轮胶所需的生物凝固剂和工艺参数进行大量试验。推荐ＭＣＢ１００５／５０１２中试方案，并试制２０７吨中试大样，用以考查生胶一致性、耐贮藏性和试制９．００Ｒ２０钢丝子午线轮胎。指出用该方案研制的子午线轮胎天然胶，除Ｐｏ尚需调整外、其基本性质，子午胎实用配方性能和试胎实际里程试验结果均与ＳＭＲ无甚差异，全部符合美国费尔斯通公司技术要求。     

豆浆制备工艺对豆腐品质的影响

分别在实验室和工厂中试条件下利用生浆法、熟浆法、热水套浆法3种不同制浆工艺制备豆腐,对豆腐的出品率、含水量、保水性、质柯与感官性状进行了分析比较.结果表明:熟浆法豆腐的出品率、含水量和保水性分别比生浆法和热水套浆法提高了12％和7％、6％和7％、13％和5％,但生浆法豆腐的硬度、黏附性等指标均高于其它2种制浆工艺;熟浆...     

香草兰初产品加工中试工艺研究

根据香草兰鲜豆荚发酵生香原理和电热鼓风干燥箱工作原理,设计了单元式热空气发酵生香中试工艺。依据工艺流程,按流水线生产程序,设计并建成年产６￣８ｔ香草兰干荚的中试加工厂,通过了调试和试产。中试产品外观均呈褐色、有光泽、柔软、饱满、香气纯正;香兰素含量抽样分析平均达３．００％,品质符合要求。经鉴定委员会专家评审鉴定,认为单元式热空气发酵生香中试工艺具有设计合理、产品质量稳定、达到国际ＳＩＯ标准等方面的     

湖南农业大学天然产物研究中心简介

湖南农业大学天然产物研究中心 ,前身为湖南农业大学高技术速溶食品研究中心 ,成立于 1990年 ,该中心现有教学科研人员 18人 ,其中 ,教授 3人、博士生导师 2人 ,副教授 6人 ,具有博士学位者 4人 ,同时聘请了校外兼职教授、研究员 6人 (其中境外教授 2人 ) ,施兆鹏教授、刘仲华教授先后担任主任。该所拥有价值 80 0多万元的现代先进仪器设备 ,具备实验室研制、微型工厂中试及工业化规模生产的三级放大研发条件。该中心经过十余年的建设 ,现已发展成为以植物功能成分分离纯化为技术核心的研究中心 ,形成了以下几个独具特色的研究方向 :1天然产…     

加快农业科技成果转化打造特色农业新优势

加速农业科技成果转化,提高生产水平,改进装备条件,是实现农业增效和农民增收的重要手段。近年来,盐城市通过实施国家农业科技成果转化资金项目,利用先进的技术成果推进农业产业化进程,农业综合生产能力明显增强。1农转资金项目概况自2001年设立国家农业科技成果转化资金项目以来,盐城市共承担了海水蔬菜的细胞及基因工程培育与海水栽培技术、优良栽培类型药用菊花有机生产主要配套技术中试与示范、水溶性水飞蓟素中试、优质家蚕新品种“苏豪钟晔”的中试与示范、杂交稻新品种及新型农机具在东盟(越南)示范应用等13个项目,项目涉及到动植物…     

优质杂交稻秋优1025优质高产制种技术要点

秋优1025是广西农科院杂交水稻研究中心育成的感光型优质晚籼组合，2000年通过广西区品种审定，1999年被选为广西优质水稻品种(组合)中试项目中的中试组合。根据几年应用研究，简述了其主要特征特性和优质高产制种技术要点。     

玉米中间试验的关键控制点

玉米中间试验在新品种选育推广过程中。起着极其重要的传承作用。一个完整的中间试验周期历经播前准备、播种、苗期管理、追肥、培土、花期调查、成株期调查、成熟期调查、田间初选、收获取样、考种、撰写试验总结等关键时期．每个时期又可细分成若干小环节。中试承试员要准确把握相应时期．把影响试验成败的关键控制点找出．多加分析．积累实践经验和技能．并与其他同事相互学习交流．才能更好地做好中试工作。     

惠安县鲜食甜玉米新品种(系)比较试验

对引进的10个鲜食甜玉米新品种(系)进行比较试验,结果表明:闽甜689、农甜88、新美甜809和佛甜2号4个品种(系)的产量较高,综合表现较优,适宜进一步中试或示范试种。     

46 份国外腰果种质生物学性状观察

连续2年观察国外引进的46份腰果种质植株株高、冠幅、两性花和座果数。结果表明，46份参试腰果种质中，39份种质的生物学性状优良，可进入种质比较中试试验。     

国家863计划两系法杂交稻中试开发项目工作会议简报

国家８６３计划两系法杂交稻中试开发项目工作会议简报ＡｂｒｉｅｆｒｅｐｏｒｔｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍｏｆＭｉｄｄｌｅＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＴｗｏ－ｌｉｎｅＨｙｂｒｉｄＲｉｃｅｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅ...     

Pilot plant for processing flax fiber

A flax fiber pilot plant is needed to process small samples of flax straw into fibers to facilitate research on retting and fiber properties. Our objective was to develop and test a modular design for a flax processing pilot plant based on a commercial line that was capable of cleaning fiber and seed flax straw from unretted, dew-retted, and enzyme-retted samples. The USDA Flax Fiber Pilot Plant (Flax-PP), which is the only research facility of this type in the United States, was designed according to the commercial ‘Unified Line’ (Czech Flax Machinery), but smaller and constructed in four individual modules. The modules and their order for processing were as follows: 9-roller calender, top shaker, scutching wheel, top shaker, 5-roller calender, and top shaker. Illustrations and diagrams of the operating modules are presented. Unretted ‘Neche’ linseed flax, dew-retted ‘Natasja’, and enzyme-retted ‘Jordan’ fiber flax were processed, and the cumulative weight loss of material at successive processing steps was determined to assess the effectiveness of cleaning. Fiber strength, fineness, and elongation were determined for the retted samples after cleaning through all the steps in the Flax-PP. A yield of fine fiber from the retted stems processed through the Flax-PP was acquired from further cleaning and refining by passage through a Shirley Analyzer. The various samples behaved differently at different stages of processing and the resulting fibers had different properties. The dew-retted Natasja fibers were stronger and finer than the enzyme-retted Jordan flax after pilot plant processing, but the Jordan fibers appeared cleaner and better retted. The Flax-PP effectively processed samples of diverse characteristics and will facilitate integrated research on retting methods for fibers with tailored properties.     

Flax-cotton fiber blends: Miniature spinning,gin processing,and dust potential

Development of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) industry in North America is desired to supply a domestic source of clean, consistent quality textile fiber for blending with cotton. The objective of this work was to evaluate portions of traditional cotton gin equipment (extractor feeder and lint cleaner) and the “50-g cotton-spinning test (CST)” for flax. Dust was collected on an area sampler in an isolated card room to evaluate dust potential during textile pilot plant processing. Fibers retted by diverse means were cleaned on two separate portions of Continental Eagle's pilot plant cotton gin stand, the Super 96 Feeder and the 24D lint cleaner. Fibers separated and removed from flax stalks by these gin sections were compared against the standard ‘unified line’ processing technique of the USDA Flax Pilot Plant. Test yarns were then made in a CST with cotton and flax blends to provide an indirect measurement of fiber properties that can be related to the retting and gin cleaning processes. The yarns were tested for strength and evenness. Flax fibers that displayed the most favorable properties in the CST were then spun in 23 kg lots in the pilot plant at the following cotton/flax blend ratios: 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 20/80. With modifications, it appears that portions of a cotton gin stand are able to process adequately small samples of properly retted flax stalks. The CST with minor adjustments provides useful data for ranking and further large-scale flax processing. As expected, it appears that flax fiber can be successfully cleaned on a cotton processing line and that increasing the amount of flax generates additional dust.     

Impact of formulation and technological factors on the acrylamide content of wheat bread and bread rolls

This study clearly demonstrates that formulation and baking technology have strong influence on the acrylamide content in the baked products. NaCl plays an ambiguous role: Whereas low doses up to 2% lowered acrylamide by inhibition of the enzyme activities, higher addition remarkably increased the contents due to growth inhibition of the yeast. The results of previous model studies concerning the influence of cysteine could be confirmed in pilot plant experiments. Its addition to the dough resulted in significantly lower acrylamide content whereas its application to the crust proved to be ineffective. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that enzyme-bearing bakery improvers had no influence on acrylamide formation. In pilot plant experiments acrylamide was reduced with increasing fermentation time, and minimum acrylamide levels were already reached after 60 min thus avoiding flattened breads due to prolonged amylase activity. Besides formulation and fermentation also process technology is crucial. As shown by our data, reduced baking temperature and prolonged heat treatment is favorable. Furthermore, convection ovens seem to enhance acrylamide formation compared to deck oven.     

Essential oil and by-products of distillation of bay leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) from Argentina

Preliminary chemical studies were undertaken during one year on plant materials collected in a 40 ha field located in Henderson, Province of Buenos Aires, in order to determine the technical viability of the industrial production of essential oil from bay leaves (Laurus nobilis L., Lauraceae) growing in Argentina. The oils were extracted at a pilot scale plant and analyzed by GC–FID-MS. The apparent density of the plant material used for the distillation ranged from 90 g L⁻¹ to 170 g L⁻¹, depending on the type of material. The quality of the volatile oils obtained complied with market requirements and were in agreement with values reported from other countries. No considerable variations were observed in the chemical composition of the oils throughout the year. Taking in account the composition of the sub-fractions obtained during the distillation process, the quality of the final essential oil can be adjusted by fractional distillation. The occurrence of alcohol terpenes and phenols in the condensed waters (hydrolate) makes them a possible alternative to be used in industry. Moreover, and due to the good energetic and digestibility values obtained, our results showed that the exhausted plant material obtained after distillation could be a putative fibrous feed for ruminants. Both, hydrolate and exhausted plant materials are resources that can enhance added values in new endeavours. This is the first report on bay leaves essential oil production at industrial scale in Argentina.     

Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production

The oilseed crop Camelina sativa (camelina) has lower production costs than oilseed rape in some climates. For this reason, the production of biodiesel-grade methyl ester from camelina oil was evaluated. The evaluation included quality assessment of esters produced in laboratory and pilot plant, an examination of methods of improving ester low-temperature properties, and vehicle trials. Laboratory esterifications gave ester yields similar to rape-seed oil. Six 350 kg batches of unrefined camelina oil with acid values from 3 to 6 were esterified in a pilot plant. Ester-specific properties were satisfactory with one exception; the iodine number of 155 far exceeded the value of 120 required by the relevant EU standard. Fuel-specific properties of the camelina methyl esters were largely within specification, though low-temperature behaviour could be a problem in some climates. This problem could be overcome by the use of suitable pour-point depressants or by blending with diesel oil. In vehicle tests, the reduction in fuel economy with camelina ester was similar to that with biodiesel from other feedstocks. The high iodine number of camelina methyl ester did not lead to a more rapid deterioration of the lubricating oil. However, it was concluded that further engine trials would be needed before the use of camelina ester as an undiluted vehicle fuel could be recommended.     

Potato chips from unpeeled potatoes

Two pilot plant runs of 23 hours each were made with peeled and unpeeled potatoes. Samples of chips were taken at intervals and subjected to sensory evaluation after acceclerated storage at 60 C and room temperature storage for 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Samples of oil were taken at intervals and analyzed for color free fatty acids, peroxide values, and copper. Chips from peeled and unpeeled potatoes were similar in all evaluations. There was a significant increase in yield of chips from unpeeled potatoes.     

Effect of milling,pasta making and cooking on minerals in durum wheat

The effect of technological processing on the contents of eight minerals – i.e., calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, selenium, and zinc – was investigated in pasta making. Milling of durum wheat as well as pasta making were carried out in a pilot plant by using three different grain samples. Pasta samples purchased on the market were also surveyed to gain information on the mineral content of commercial products. The effect of cooking was also investigated in order to determine the retention of the selected elements in the final ‘ready-to-eat’ product. Analyte concentrations in whole grains, semolina, pasta and cooked pasta were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.     

富含11S大豆分离蛋白中试规模提取及其在冰淇淋和面制品中的应用

11S球蛋白是大豆蛋白中的主要成分,具有优良的加工特性.本文报道了中试水平上提取富含11S组分大豆分离蛋白技术,及其添加到冰淇淋和面粉中对产品特性的影响.试验结果表明,中试生产所得到的富含11S组分分离蛋白中,11S组分的含量达81.3%(占总蛋白含量).添加6%左右的富含11S组分大豆分离蛋白代替冰淇淋原料中的脱脂奶粉可提高冰淇淋的膨胀率,并具有良好的风味;在中等筋度的小麦粉中添加3%的富含11S组分分离蛋白,可提高面团吸水率、面团形成时间和面团稳定性,粉质评价值得到提高.     

国家玉米品种试验中对照品种更迭与发展

对照品种的选择和更换应以通过审定、生产中表现较好的品种为依据,随着育种水平的发展适时更迭。品种推广走势与对照更换的时期一致,进一步说明对照品种的示范和标杆作用。玉米品种区试应适时提高对照水平,加大品种选择压力,针对性设置对照,提高区域品种竞争力,及早筛选后备对照品种。品种试验中对照品种或形式可以探索参试组合的平均或几个对照的综合考量,使品种试验更加科学,以此选拔出来的品种可信度和适应性更强,更能体现客观、公正、公平。