Vermicompost suppresses Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in cucumber seedlings

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Disease suppressiveness of vermicompost produced from agricultural wastes consisting of cattle manure, tree bark (Salix spp.), potato culls, and apples...     

Is the emergence of Dothistroma needle blight of pine in France caused by the cryptic species Dothistroma pini?

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) emerged in France in the past 15 years. This disease is induced by two closely related species: Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. Although both species are currently present in France, only D. septosporum was reported in the past. We investigated whether a recent arrival of D. pini in France could be a cause of the DNB emergence. We analyzed herbarium specimens of pine needles with DNB symptoms using polymerase chain reaction techniques to study the past frequency of D. pini in France. We also determined the present distribution within the country of D. septosporum and D. pini and compared it with the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the Département de la Santé des Forêts (DSF; French forest health monitoring agency) database. Although D. pini was detected on herbarium specimens from 1907 and 1965, it was not frequent in France in the past. Today, it is frequent, although not present throughout the country, being absent from the north and the east. There is no relationship between the D. pini distribution in France and the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the DSF database. Thus, the emergence of DNB in France cannot be explained by a recent arrival of D. pini.     

Mode of action of sulfenylated carbamates: Rapid conversion of N,N′-thiodicarbamates to parent carbamate measured by neurophysiological bioassay

Four N,N′-thiodicarbamate derivatives of carbofuran induced uncoupled convulsions with similar latencies following topical application to the cuticle of tethered S_NAIDM house flies, despite considerable differences in their lipophilic properties. There was a small but statistically significant delay in the latency to response to the derivatives compared to carbofuran, but when perfused directly on the exposed thoracic ganglia to assess intrinsic activity, carbofuran acted up to 4.4 times faster than the derivative. It is suggested that the NS bond of the derivatives is cleaved soon after application to the house fly cuticle and carbofuran is released from each derivative in sufficient quantities to accumulate toxic concentrations in the central nervous system at similar rates.     

Molecular characterization of stem gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (= Agrobacterium biovar 1) on Citrus trees as a new host,in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Citrus (Citrus spp. L.), which has high nutritional and economic value, is one of the most commonly grown fruits in Turkey. In spring 2020, large aerial...