内外净驱杀绵羊寄生虫试验

内外净(复方阿维菌素乳剂,Compoud Avermectin Emulsion),主要驱虫活性物质为阿维菌素B1及丙硫苯咪唑,因而它既有阿维菌素独特的驱虫功效,又有丙硫苯咪唑的驱治寄生虫的效力.阿维菌素能增加虫体递质γ-氨基丁酸的释放并加强γ-氨基丁酸受体的结合,导致氯离子通道开放,使细胞功能下降,最终使寄生虫麻痹死亡.     

四种驱虫药驱除绵、山羊寄生线虫比较试验

消化道线虫病对养羊业危害性历来十分严重,由于目前缺乏有效的预防措施,药物驱虫仍是防治这类寄生虫病的重要手段。10多年来,丙硫咪唑和左旋咪唑是治羊消化道线虫的首选常用药,由于长期单一使用,某些地区已发现消化道线虫分别对这两种药物具一定程度的抗药性。据报道丙硫咪唑还有致畸作用。为此我们研制了抗蠕虫的新药片剂：埃维菌素片,     

“内外净”驱除猪体内寄生虫试验

“内外净”一是种广谱、高效、低毒的新型驱虫剂，对畜禽体内多种寄生虫幼虫、成虫均有杀灭或驱除作用，从１９９３年３月￣１９９４年５月，１年多的时间里，我们选取了３１０头自然感染蛔虫、结节点、鞭虫等体内寄生虫严重的猪进行了临床疗效试验，结果表明：０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ体和一对猪蛔虫具有良好的驱除作用，Ｅ．Ｐ．Ｇ（粪便虫卵数／ｇ）减少率１００％，结节点Ｅ．Ｐ．Ｇ．减少率４０％，鞭虫Ｅ．Ｐ．Ｇ．减少率３３．３％．     

灭虫丁与丙硫苯咪唑驱除山羊胃肠道线虫对比试验

灭虫丁对牛羊寄生线虫有良好的驱虫作用,目前国内广泛应用的驱虫药丙硫苯咪唑也被公认为良好的驱除家畜寄生线虫的药物,为了便于使用者择优选用,我们进行了两种药物驱除羊寄生线虫的比较试验。     

杀虫净驱杀牦牛和绵羊内外寄生虫的试验研究

用我们研制的复合杀虫剂－杀虫净片在阿坝州进行牦牛和绵羊驱杀内外寄生虫试验。结果是剂量和高剂量一次口服,对肝片形吸虫,莫尼茨绦虫,消化道线虫,牛皮蝇蚴,牛毛虱的驱杀率可达１００％,牦牛用３倍中剂量,绵羊用４倍中剂量均无任何副反应。     

The effect of long-term feeding of fresh and ensiled cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage on gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats

The benefit of long-term feeding of fresh or ensiled cassava foliage on gastrointestinal parasite in goats was evaluated. Eighteen male goats (15.15 ± 2.83kg and between 4–6months) were randomly allocated into three treatments supplemented with 200g of wheat bran head⁻¹ day⁻¹. All groups were fed ad-libitum on either grass (CO), fresh cassava (CaF) or ensiled cassava foliage (CaS). At the beginning of the trial, each goat was inoculated with 3000 L3 containing ≈50% Haemonchus contortus. Individual LWt, FEC and PCV were measured at weekly intervals for 10weeks. At the termination of the experiment all goats were slaughtered for worm recovery and enumeration. The goats in CaF and CaS had similar weight gains while those in CO lost weight (p < 0.05) through the trial. FEC in CaF and CaS were lower (p < 0.05) than CO during the patency of parasite infections, but there was no difference between CaF and CaS goats. PCV of all groups decreased from above 30% to around 25% at the end of the trial. The compositions of established worm burdens were mainly H. contortus (19–40%) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (55–76%). TWB did not differ among the groups, however, CaS significantly reduced H. contortus burdens, as compared to CaF and CO (p ≤ 0.005). Thus, ensiled cassava foliage reduced the H. contortus population while the fresh foliage only reduced worm fecundity.     

Parasite control in the age of drug resistance and changing agricultural practices

The benefits of using antiparasitic drugs in farm animals are unquestionable. However, despite anthelmintic use as the predominant control strategy, extreme parasite infection cases are appearing in sheep and goat production; these impact productivity and have show mortality rates reaching pre-drug use levels. This was a predictable situation resulting from the loss of efficacy by all available products, particularly when some products were used as the sole intervention. The concepts of agroecology and holistic agriculture, which advocate the use of integrated management strategies, such as target selected treatment, herbal medicine, and the application of other parasite control alternatives, are not completely new, but are undergoing a resurgence because of their more sustainable appeal. The objective of this review article is to examine the problem of parasite control in the face of parasite drug resistance and to outline some strategies that may be used in parasite control programmes. Before they are accepted and recommended by the WAAVP, agroecological methods such as those listed above and described in detail herein should be validated based on scientific evidence of their efficacy for parasite control and should be tested for both host and environmental safety.     

丙硫苯咪唑控释装置及其在山羊体内的释药过程和药效研究

本试验对丙硫苯咪唑控释装置及其在山体内的释药过程和药效进行研究。筛选出丙硫苯咪唑释放率为１９±１ｍｇ／ｄａｙ的基质（Ｂ５７）。本控释装置适用于２０～３０ｋｇ山羊,在奶山羊体内能持续稳定释药６１±３ｄａｙｓ。类血浆中未能测出丙硫苯咪唑原药,只能测到其代谢产物丙硫苯咪唑亚砜和砜,其浓度分别为１３±３ｎｇ／ｍｌ和１２±６ｎｇ／ｍｌ。本装置对广东放牧的雷州山羊进行驱虫试验,结果试验组（剂量为０．７６ｍｇ／     

Albendazole repeated administration induces cytochromes P4501A and accelerates albendazole deactivation in mouflon (Ovis musimon)

Adult mouflon ewes (Ovis musimon) were treated repeatedly with therapeutic doses of albendazole (ABZ, p.o. 7.5 mg/kg of body weight/day, for five consecutive days). Animals (treated or control) were sacrificed 24 h after the fifth dose of ABZ and liver and small intestine were collected to prepare microsomes. The activities of several biotransformation enzymes were measured in both hepatic and intestinal microsomes. A significant increase in the activity and amount of cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A) was observed in both tissues of ABZ treated mouflons compared to control animals. No other biotransformation enzymes tested were affected by five ABZ doses. The in vitro biotransformation of ABZ was studied in hepatic and intestinal microsomes from ABZ treated and control mouflons. Concentrations of two main ABZ metabolites - pharmacologically active ABZ sulfoxide and pharmacologically inactive ABZ sulfone were analysed using HPLC. A significant increase in rate of formation of ABZ sulfone (which is catalysed by CYP1A) was observed in hepatic as well as in intestinal microsomes from ABZ treated animals. The enhancement of ABZ deactivation by its repeated administration may affect the anthelmintic efficacy of this drug and may contribute to the development of parasite resistance.     

Pharmaceutical treatments of gastrointestinal nematode infections of sheep-Future of anthelmintic drugs

Various interacting factors have been identified to explain why health plans for nematode parasite control, based on conventional epidemiological knowledge and involving pharmaceutical treatments of their sheep hosts have become unsustainable. Of these, the emergence of anthelmintic resistance has had a major impact on the economics of sheep farming, necessitating fundamental managemental changes. This review focusses on the use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep, emphasising the need to develop sustainable strategies in the face of inevitable parasite evolution in response to exposure to anthelmintic drugs and other noxious stimuli, or favourable opportunities resulting from changing animal management and climatic factors.     

优质黑山羊育肥试验研究

为了提高种草养羊效益,促进贵州省毕节市草地生态畜牧业发展,采用毕节市畜牧兽医科学研究所研制的微量元素营养舔砖,进行优质黑山羊育肥推广试验研究。结果表明,饲喂浓缩饲料加辅助营养舔砖组的增重效果明显高于其他2个组,增重率均超过50%。     

不同粪便处理模式对羊粪中捻转血矛线虫虫卵杀灭效果的影响

为了评价不同粪便处理模式下羊粪中捻转血矛线虫虫卵的杀灭状况,2018年8月至10月,对福州市某羊场的羊粪,分别采用堆积发酵(Ⅰ组)、塑料罐密闭储存(Ⅱ组)、舍内自然放置(Ⅲ组)等3种方式进行处理。第Ⅰ组堆积发酵30 d后可完全杀灭粪中虫卵;第Ⅱ组密闭储存20 d后可完全杀灭虫卵;第Ⅲ组自然放置50 d可杀灭虫卵97.9%。试验结果可为羊场的粪便处理提供参考依据。