两步厌氧发酵工艺处理浓缩胶乳加工废水的生产性研究

用两步厌氧发酵工艺处理浓缩胶乳加工废水的生产性研究结果表明，这种含有高浓度硫酸盐和氨态氮的酸性废水，在常温条件下，发酵池有机负荷率为１．５７ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ￣３·ｄ），容积产气率达０．６０ｍ￣３／（ｍ￣３·ｄ），ＣＯＤ去除率为７０．３％。每处理１ｍ￣３废水（ＣＯＤ值２５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）可生产含甲烷６０％以上的沼气８．２ｍ￣３，应用于胶清胶的干燥，可节省干燥所需鱼油的８５～９０％。废水厌氧发酵后经氧化塘进一步好氧处理，出水ＣＯＤ值１６６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ　６９ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｓ￣（２－）３．９ｍｇ／Ｌ。大大减轻了废水对环境的污染，为浓缩胶乳加工废水提供了一种节能的处理方法。     

猪场废水沼气发酵综合处理工程技术研究

江西五丰牧业有限公司年产３万头出口生猪场废水沼气发酵，日排废水５０ｔ，采用固液分离－沼气发酵－氧化塘－沙滤沟处理猪场废水，取得了较好的处理效果，即获得优良气体燃料，又利用沼气发酵液培植果业，     

胶合板废水沼气化处理可行性试验研究

文章探讨了酸化与未酸化胶合板制造废水的理化特性与产气特征,并探索性地对胶合板制造废水沼气化处理可行性进行了试验研究。结果表明,酸化废水和未酸化废水可生化性均较差。从COD降解效果来看,酸化废水和未酸化废水降解率70%左右。从沼气中CH_4含量分析,已酸化的胶合板废水经厌氧沼气发酵所产沼气中甲烷含量不足35%,显然不适合用沼气化方法对其进行处理;而对未酸化废水而言,经发酵后所产沼气中甲烷含量可达到53.9%左右。所以,未经酸化处理的胶合板加工废水使用沼气化处理方法是基本可行的,且每处理1 m~3未酸化废水可产生0.856 m~3沼气。     

医药化工废水的厌氧生物处理

对生产氨噻肟酸等产品的医药化工废水进行了厌氧生物处理研究。结果表明：氨噻肟酸生产废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ比值为０．３０,属于可生物降解的工业废水;在选用的几种絮凝剂中,宜采用ＦｅＳＯ４加聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）混合处理;处理中有机质进料浓度５２００ｍｇＣＯＤ／Ｌ,出水ＣＯＤ平均为９６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均ＣＯＤ去除率为８１．４％,平均容积产气率为１．２ｍ３／（ｍ３·ｄ）;反应器运行状态良好,废水的处理能力可进一步提高。ＨＲＴ对反应器性能有影响,当维持进水ＣＯＤ４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ可从１．９５天降至１天,出水ＣＯＤ９００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,ＣＯＤ去除率７７％,容积产气率为０．６８ｍ３／（ｍ３·ｄ）。     

铁法预处理糖蜜酒精废液沼气发酵工艺的研究

本研究采用法法预处理糖蜜精废液，并将其进行厌氧发酵试验，试验的厌氧罐容积为１３Ｌ，预处理容积为１．３Ｌ结果表明：经铁法预处理后的糖蜜酒精度液能够稳定地用于沼气发酵，而且所产沼气的Ｈ２Ｓ含量大减少。     

六种杂草原料发酵产沼气的比较研究

为了实现杂草资源的合理化利用,文章以常见的水葫芦、飞机草、车前草、银胶菊、空心莲子草、三叶鬼针草等外来入侵植物为主要发酵原料,进行了六种杂草原料发酵产沼气的试验研究.结果表明,六种杂草原料发酵均能产生沼气,但车前草的发酵产气效果最好,产气率最大,银胶菊次之,水生植物空心莲子草和水葫芦居中,而飞机草和三叶鬼针草的发酵产气效果最差,其产气率大小顺序为:车前草＞银胶菊＞空心莲子草＞水葫芦＞飞机草＞三叶鬼针草.结果说明外来入侵植物也能成为良好的沼气发酵原料.     

养猪废水氮磷污染及其深度脱氮除磷技术探讨

本文通过对规模化养猪场废水氮磷污染监测，揭示氮磷污染现状；指出传统A／O工艺脱氮除磷的局限性；探讨养猪业废水在沼气厌氧发酵基础上通过水生生物氧化塘工艺进行深度脱氮除磷的可行性。     

氯霉素合成废水厌氧生物处理的研究

对氯霉素合成废水的厌氧生物处理作了研究。结果表明：（１）氯霉素合成废水的平均ＣＯＤ浓度高达３０６ｇ／Ｌ，但平均ＢＯＤ５浓度仅为７７２ｇ／Ｌ。ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ比值为０２５３。从ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ比值和降解动力学来评定，氯霉素废水属于生物处理可行性较难的工业废水。（２）石灰兼备中和酸性与去除一定量ＣＯＤ的双重作用，可用于该废水的预处理。（３）由于基质的抑制性，在反应器的操作中，应将废水ＣＯＤ浓度控在６０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。（４）反应器的运试结果良好。平均水力停留时间１００天；平均进水ＣＯＤ浓度４６１３ｍｇ／Ｌ；平均出水ＣＯＤ浓度１０６７ｍｇ／Ｌ；平均ＣＯＤ去除率７７％；ＢＯＤ５去除率达９５％以上；平均容积ＣＯＤ负荷和容积产气率分别为４６７ｋｇ／（ｍ３ｄ）和０９９ｍ３／（ｍ３ｄ），沼气的甲烷含量为７２％。     

奶牛粪沼气发酵条件的初步研究

采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交试验法，对影响奶牛粪沼气发酵的基质浓度，ｐＨ值接种量和添加人粪尿等诸因素间的相互关系进行了初步研究，结果表明，在自然温度条件下，解决好扔牛粪沼气发酵关键在于控制好基质浓度和ｐＨ值。从中优化出最佳的奶牛粪沼气发酵的适宜条件：基质浓度过度％左右，接种量以１５％～２０％为佳，ｐＨ值应严格控制在中性偏微减性范围（７．０～７．４），人粪尿添加量宜小于１５％。原料配比以Ｃ：Ｎ为２０～２５     

水压式半分离压浮沼气发酵装置生产试验

水压式半分离压浮沼气发酵装置生产试验袁熙仪，兰付宗，吴玉华（四川省农村能源办公室）（遂宁市中区农能办公室）水压式半分离压浮沼气发酵装置是四川省建委１９９２年组织鉴定的三种装置之一。该装置生产试验的年均有机负荷率力０．９８ｋｇＴＳ／（ｍ３．ｄ），原料、...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。