孟加拉无机肥料对几种农林作物生物固氮和种苗生长的影响(英文)

比较了不同浓度无机肥料(尿素和重过磷酸钙)对四种农林作物(楹树、雨豆树、相思树和印度田菁)生物固氮和种苗生长的影响。种子萌发一个月后利用不同浓度肥料(尿素:40kg·hm-2,80kg·hm-2;重过磷酸钙:40kg·hm-2,80kg·hm-2;(尿素 重过磷酸钙)40kg·hm-2和(尿素 重过磷酸钙)80kg·hm-2)处理种苗。结果表明:中等浓度无机肥料促进了种苗的生长,但较高浓度无机肥料也不利于种苗的生长。当施加尿素时根瘤菌的数量大小明显受抑制,但随着增加磷肥(重过磷酸钙)根瘤菌的数量大小增加。本研究有助于农业人员利用无机肥料改善土壤提高农林作物的生物固氮和种苗生长。图2表6参33。     

三个农林复合树种幼苗对施加磷肥的响应:生长和生节能力(英文)

对苗床培养的楹树、雨豆树和水黄皮袋装幼苗(6月龄)施以80kg·hm-2的磷酸盐,通过比较不同收获间隔期幼苗生长和生节情况,研究了施加磷肥对三个农林复合树种幼苗生长和生节作用。研究表明,施加磷肥显著促进雨豆树和水黄皮幼苗生长,但并未促进楹树幼苗生长。此外,施加磷肥还会显著增加楹树、雨豆树幼苗生节数和节大小,但对水黄皮幼苗作用较小,而且高收割间隔期会降低水黄皮生节表现。     

N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响.结果表明:施肥次数和施肥量分别对苗高和地径生长产生显著影响;间隔期为11d的5次施肥处理对苗高生长具有显著影响,36.3 g·m-2的施肥量对地径的生长具有明显的促进作用;36.3 g·m-2处理对苗高和地径的施肥效率显著低于13.7 g·m-2处理和...     

滇合欢育苗试验结果分析

采用切根及喷云大-120 处理对滇合欢苗木生长的效果进行试验, 结果表明: 切根和喷云大- 120 处理对滇合欢苗木各性状的作用一般都不显著, 在苗高、地径、冠幅等11 个性状中, 仅切根对苗高生长有促进作用,而切根、喷云大- 120 及其交互作用对侧枝数的生长发育明显不利, 故在滇合欢育苗上不宜采用切根和喷云大-120 处理。     

施肥对猴耳环幼苗生长的影响

The effects of applying N(urea, 46% N), P(phosphate, 12% P₂O₅) and K(potassium sulphate, 54% K₂O) fertilizers on the growth performance and biomass yield of 8-month-old Archidendron clypearia seedlings were examined by L9 orthogonal array with 3 replicates in the nursery of Zengcheng Forest Farm of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. The test seedlings were potted with the subsoil of total N 0.0484%, total P 0.1518% and total K 1.2629%, and fertilized at the 2nd and 6th months with the application rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg of N, 0, 20 and 50 mg of P and 0, 10 and 20 mg of K per seedling. The results showed that the diameter at ground level(DGL), the height and the oven-dried weight biomass of 8-month-old seedlings differed significantly at P=0.05. The combined application dose of 20 mg N, 20 mg P and 0 mg K per seedling resulted in the best seedling growth and biomass yield. N fertilizer was a significant factor in the growth of DGL and height of A. clypearia seedlings. P fertilizer had no significant effects on both DGL and height, while K fertilizer only affected DGL significantly. Analysis of the leaf and root stoichiometry suggested that N may be the most single limiting nutrient, A. clypearia seedlings used N more efficiently than they used P.     

新播长白落叶松苗期施肥效果分析

应用正交实验设计,对新播长白落叶松苗期进行了N、P、K施肥试验,结果表明:N、P影响苗高、地径、植株干物质重量;>5 cmⅠ级侧根数量的差异为极显著;K差异不显著。通过对25个组合的LSR多重比较,最佳施肥量为:N肥20、P肥50、K肥15 g.m-2苗木生长与N、P、K供应呈多元线性回归关系。     

Coinoculation of bioinoculants improve <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis> seedling growth and quality in a tropical Alfisol soil

We conducted a study to find out if arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Scutellospora calospora) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB, Paenibacillus polymyxa) inoculation either individually or in combinations can improve Acacia auriculiformis seedling growth, uptake of nutrients and quality in a phosphorus deficient tropical Alfisol. The seedlings were assessed for various growth and nutrient uptake parameters after 60 days of treatment. Inoculation with P. polymyxa stimulated mycorrhizal formation. Seedling height, stem girth, taproot length, number of leaves and leaf area, plant dry matter production, nodulation, and nodular dry weight were significantly higher for seedlings that were either dual inoculated or triple inoculated compared to individual inoculation of AM fungi or PSB, and uninoculated seedlings. Dual and triple application of AM fungi and PSB also significantly improved the nutrient contents of shoots and roots and nutrient uptake efficiencies. The calculated seedling quality indexes of the AM fungi and PSB inoculated seedling were 25–208% higher than uninoculated seedlings. These findings show that A. auriculiformis seedlings when dual inoculated or triple inoculated performed better than seedlings inoculated with the microbes individually and compared with uninoculated control seedlings. We conclude that bioinoculation is important for the production of high-quality A. auriculiformis seedlings in tree nurseries for planting in nutrient deficient soils.     

施肥对10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗生长的影响

对温室条件下的10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗进行施肥试验,并测定了其苗高、地径、叶片叶绿素含量和叶片N、P、K浓度。试验设3个处理水平:正常温室养护管理,为对照(CK);施用复合肥N、P、K质量比为1∶1∶1,总养分≥45%(T1);施用复合肥N、P、K质量比为4∶1∶1,总养分≥48%(T2);施用尿素(N 46%)(T3)。结果表明,10个墨西哥柏种源对不同施肥处理的吸收效率各不相同;施肥能显著促进墨西哥柏苗木的生长,不同施肥比例对生长指标的影响各不相同,其中T2>T3>T1;T1、T2处理水平很好的促进了叶绿素的积累,其中T1>T2,而T3对墨西哥柏叶绿素影响不显著;处理T2下的10个种源叶片N、P、K元素浓度与CK差异最显著,其次是T1、T3。     

竹酢液对杉木苗木生长的影响

以1年生Ⅰ级杉木裸根苗为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,比较喷施及土壤施入两种施用方法及7个不同浓度处理下,竹酢液对苗高、地径以及枝叶生物量、根系生物量和主干生物量影响,同时对不同处理下苗木净光合速率的变化特征进行了比较分析。结果表明：竹酢液合理使用可以明显促进苗高和地径的生长、提高枝叶生物量和根系生物量;竹酢液可以提高苗木的净光合速率,改善光合作用;P300和P800两种浓度和施入方法促进杉木苗木生长的作用最明显。     

红藤苗木施肥量的初步研究*

红藤(Daemonorops margaritae Hance)是我国主要商品藤种之一,目前已在广东、海南和福建等省推广人工栽培。红藤苗木培育周期长,从播种到成苗出圃约需一年时间,而壮苗技术是推广人工栽培的关键。为了研究红藤壮苗培育技术,在取得藤苗光照试验和矿质营养试验结果的基础上,安排了苗木施肥试验,以探求红藤苗木最适施肥量,为合理施肥提供科学依据。     

两种叶面肥对马尾松苗期生长的影响研究

为了解叶面肥种类对马尾松(Pinus massonianna)苗期生长质量的影响,对马尾松苗分别喷施质量浓度为1g.L-1的特多收和0.125 g·L-1喷施宝叶面肥,结果表明:2种叶面肥处理3个月后马尾松苗高、地径、根系生长以及苗木质量较清水处理均有所提高,特多收叶面肥处理各生长指标均显著高于清水处理(P＜0.05),特多收叶面肥处理较喷施宝叶面肥处理的苗高、地径、主根长、须根数、总须根长、鲜质量和Ⅰ级苗比例分别增加0.7％、3.1％、17.6％、29.5％、21.4％、1.6％和1.5％,施肥效果优于喷施宝(P＜0.05).     

黑木相思根瘤菌在厚荚相思苗木上的效应

为了探讨不同相思树种根瘤菌互接种的效应,将黑木相思根瘤菌接种到厚荚相思苗木上,采用随机区组盆栽试验方法,研究苗木的结瘤、生长和固氮能力.结果表明:接种黑木相思根瘤菌能明显增加厚荚相思苗木的结瘤,证明不同相思树种之间,其共生的根瘤菌对宿主的要求并不十分的严格;但是,不同菌株对苗木的生长效应和固氮能力上存在明显的差别.因此,在开发根瘤菌资源时,应充分注意树种与菌株的匹配问题,在考察相思树种根瘤菌是否优良时,要综合考虑其侵染结瘤特性、对苗木生长的促进作用以及菌株的固氮酶活性及固氮量等因素.     

有效微生物群对雨豆树发芽率和苗木生长的影响

雨豆树的苗木种植在容器袋的沙和牛粪的混合质上(3:1)。在播种前后一周施用不同浓度(0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%)的有效微生物群(Effective Microorganisms )液。测定发芽和苗木自然生长参数(包括:茎根长度,活力指数,直径,叶子数量,茎根的鲜重和干重,总的生物量增长量)。估计生化参数如叶绿素 a, 叶绿素 b,类胡罗卜素,并观测了受有效微生物群影响的生节情况。与对照相比, 经不同浓度有效微生物群液处理的雨豆树,发芽率和苗木自然生长参数都明显增加。施用 2%有效微生物群液的苗木生长率最大,其次是施用 1%有效微生物群液的苗木。1%有效微生物群液的生节率最高,并随浓度的增加而下降。尽管经有效微生物群液处理的苗木叶中色素比对照高,但叶绿素 a, 叶绿素 b,类胡罗卜素并不明显高于对照。随着有效微生物群液浓度的增加,苗木生长表现出不同的效果,大部分参数在中等浓度范围最高。研究表明,有效微生物群技术有助与提高苗圃中苗木的生长,有益微生物与容器袋土壤相结合有助于改善退化的或贫瘠的土壤,有利于初移植苗木的营养和水分吸收。表 4 参 17。     

叶面施肥对杉木苗期生长的影响研究

为了解叶面肥对杉木Cunninghamia lanceolate苗期生长质量的影响,对杉木苗分别喷施1.000 g·L~(-1)特多收和0.167 g·L~(-1)喷施宝叶面肥,结果表明:2种叶面肥处理3个月后杉木苗高度、干重量以及Ⅰ级苗比例与清水处理差异极显著(P0.01),地径差异显著(P0.05),特多收叶面肥处理较喷施宝叶面肥处理苗高、地径、干重量和Ⅰ级苗比例分别增加6.11%、5.17%、24.85%和7.02%,效果优于喷施宝。     

Effects of super-absorbent polymer on dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of Pinus pinaster container seedlings

Super-absorbent polymer (SAP) is a widely studied cross-linked hydrophilic polymer used as water absorbent material. However, little information is available concerning the effects of SAPs on the growth and nutrient accumulation in forest container seedlings. The present study was conducted to quantify the effects of SAP applied with or without fertilizer on the dry matter and nutrient uptake of Pinus pinaster container seedlings. SAP addition with fertilizer increased dry matter along with increased seedling emergence time. However, no effect was found without fertilizer. Compared with fertilizer only, rapid accumulation time of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) was 7 days longer resulting from SAP addition. The maximum daily N and K accumulations in the fertilized seedlings increased by 9.31 and 10.44 %, respectively, whereas those of the unfertilized seedlings did not differ significantly. SAP addition had little effect on phosphorous (P) uptake, except for an increase in the maximum daily P accumulation under fertilized conditions. The shoot and root of P. pinaster with SAP had 8.61 and 13.70 % higher yields, respectively, than those that received fertilizer only. Compared with fertilizer only, SAP addition with fertilizer increased the N and K contents by 7.15 and 10.04 %, respectively, whereas the P content did not differ significantly. Under fertilized conditions, N, P, and K uptake increased by 17.17, 10.13, and 20.33 %, respectively, from SAP addition. Hence, SAP could be used as a nutrient absorption enhancer (mainly N and K) in forest container seedlings, aside from being a water absorbent material.     

Growth of Nursery-grown Bamboo Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in two Tropical Soil Typeswith and without Fertilizer Application

A nursery experiment was conducted to assess the effect of bioinoculants (Glomus aggregatum, Bacillus polymixa, Azospirillum brasilense) on seedling growth promotion of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees.) in two soil types (alfisol, vertisol) with or without fertilizer application. Bamboo seedlings were grown in the presence or absence of bioinoculants either individually or in all combinations for 180 days in field soil under tropical nursery conditions. Shoot, rhizome and root length, dry masses, nutrient concentrations and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonized root lengths were determined at harvest. Under the experimental condition tested combined inoculation of AM fungi, PSB and A. brasilense resulted in maximum growth response both under fertilized and unfertilized conditions in both soil types. Fertilizer application enhanced the efficiencies of N, P and K uptake, whereas reduced their usage efficiencies. Though soil type did not affect microbial inoculation response, fertilizer application significantly affected plant response to microbial inoculation.     

PGPB对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应

通过盆栽试验研究了植物促生菌(PGPB)对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应,供试菌为6种解磷菌(即B.amy,Vib,B.atr,Xan,B.Lic,P.M.)和5种固氮菌(即Au4,Phy,24S,JA4,cd),结果表明:(1)分别接种6种解磷菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了不同程度的促进,与对照相比,木榄苗高增加21.57%～9.54%,生物量增加27.49%～20.32%,叶片的氮含量增加33.33%～1.35%,叶片的磷含量增加24.42%～2.04%;经差异显著性检验,B.amy和Vib 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效应比其它解磷菌株更明显;(2)分别接种5种固氮菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了促进,与对照相比,木榄幼苗的均高增加24.07%～10.22%,生物量增加32.36%～19.71%,叶片的氮含量增加23.39%～4.05%,叶片的磷含量增加32.79%～4.99%;差异显著性检验表明:Au4和Phy 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效果比其它固氮菌更显著.     

配方施肥对椿叶花椒苗木生长和生理指标的影响

通过N、P、K 3因素3水平的正交试验,探索配方施肥对盆栽椿叶花椒苗木生长及生理指标的影响.结果表明:(1)不同比例的N、P、K肥配施后,处理4至处理9对苗木各项指标均有极显著的影响,处理4有利于椿叶花椒苗木地径的增长,处理6对苗木的苗高增长最明显,处理5有利于生物量的积累,处理9有利于苗木叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率的提高;(2)N元素对椿叶花椒苗木生长和生理效应的影响极为显著,PK的影响很小;(3)根据N、P、K肥的施用量和苗木各项生长和生理指标测定值进行了二次函数关系方程的模拟,可据此分别求得各指标最大收获量所对应的合理施肥量.     

榧树容器育苗菌糠复合基质的筛选

以香菇菌糠、木耳菌糠、泥炭、谷壳、大田土和缓释肥配制育苗基质,开展不同配方基质对榧树Torreya grandis容器苗生长的影响研究.结果表明:不同配方基质对榧树的容器苗的苗高、地径和生物量影响有显著差异,木耳废菌糠复合基质、香菇菌糠复合基质培育的榧树苗木平均质量指数均优于泥炭基质,其中以木耳菌糠、谷壳、大田土体积比...