马铃薯甲虫在苏联的分布及检疫

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemilineata(Say)是国际检疫对象,也是我国对外检疫对象。苏联1986年报道,在与我国黑龙江省一江之隔的苏联阿穆尔州一农场,1982年曾发生马铃薯甲虫,并用农药进行了防治。对此,我国十分重视。现将马铃薯甲虫在苏联的情况介绍于后供参考。一、苏联当前马铃薯甲虫的分布区据苏联1986年发表的资料,苏联当前马铃薯甲虫的分布分为3个,与1981年发表的分布区稍有变动。1986年发表的苏联     

马铃薯甲虫的药剂防治

马铃薯甲虫的药剂防治魏鸿钧，黄文琴（中国农业科学院植物保护研究所１０００９４）马铃薯甲虫Ｌｅｐｌｉｎｏｔａｒｓａｄｅｃｅｍｌｉｎｅａｔａ（Ｓａｙ）属鞘翅目、叶甲科，英名为：Ｃｏｌｏｒａｄｏｐｏｔａｔｏｂｅｅｔｌｅ或Ｃｏｌｏｒａｄｏｂｅｅｔｌｅ是世界著...     

龙葵对马铃薯甲虫产卵的引诱作用

龙葵对马铃薯甲虫产卵的引诱作用赵博光（南京林业大学５４２３９２２）笔者于１９８５～１９８６年在美国犹他州立大学进行了一系列的马铃薯甲虫对不同植物的产卵选择试验，试验中发现马铃薯甲虫特别喜在龙葵ＳｏｌａｎｕｍｎｉｇｒｕｍＬ．上产卵，因而进一步进行了下列...     

生态因子在苹果蠹蛾地理分布中的作用

本文依据已有的研究，阐述了苹果蠹蛾Ｃｙｄｉａｐｏｍｏｎｅｌｌａ（Ｌ．）可能的地理起源，以及人类在其全球性传播中的重要作用。通过探讨苹果蠹蛾地理分布与生态因子之间的相互关系，提出了苹果蠹蛾地理分布的主要限制因子，即气候和寄主。热量因子（温度和积温）决定了苹果蠹蛾在纬度上的分布；而该虫在经度上的分布，则主要取决于寄主的地理分布以及生长季节的降水量。     

马铃薯甲虫的残体鉴定研究初报

1 前言要严防检疫对象传人,就需准确的鉴定技术,包括残体鉴定技术。什么是残体鉴定的可能条件呢?笔者认为:(1)弄清植物检疫害虫的分类地位,掌握足够文献并占有足够的实物标本,包括     

马铃薯甲虫入侵宁夏的风险分析

参照国际上有害生物风险分析方法,从定性分析和定量分析相结合对马铃薯甲虫在宁夏的风险性进行了综合评价。通过分析,马铃薯甲虫在宁夏具有大面积的适宜寄主、极强的适应性,且能造成巨大经济损失,其风险值R为2.22,因此确定马铃薯甲虫在宁夏属于高度危险性的有害生物,应采取多种措施,加强对其风险管理。     

马铃薯甲虫入侵贵州的风险分析

马铃薯甲虫是马铃薯等茄科作物上毁灭性的检疫性害虫。本文利用定性分析和定量分析相结合对马铃薯甲虫入侵贵州的风险进行了分析。结果表明,马铃薯甲虫在贵州具有大面积种植的寄主,入侵、定殖可能性大,风险管理难度大;其风险评估R值为2.23,在贵州为高度危险的有害生物。因此应加强检疫管理,以防止其传入和扩散蔓延。     

马铃薯甲虫的识别与防控

为了能够准确识别马铃薯甲虫,对该疫情进行及时防控,本文将马铃薯甲虫与同期发生的马铃薯二十八星瓢虫形态特征进行对比,同时阐述了马铃薯甲虫的生物学特性、寄主范围、传播方式,并根据实践经验,提出了科学有效的防控方法。     

浅谈马铃薯甲虫的生物防治

马铃薯甲虫是重要的检疫性害虫,主要为害马铃薯等茄科作物茎叶。在我国新疆境内已发现该虫。马铃薯甲虫极易对各种化学杀虫剂产生抗药性。要在其扩散蔓延之前,寻求有效的控制手段,加强检疫,运用生物防治手段是首选。     

马铃薯甲虫入侵黑龙江省的风险

黑龙江省是马铃薯及烟草栽培大省,为马铃薯甲虫入侵、定殖提供了充足的食料;黑龙江省比邻的一些国家已有马铃薯甲虫分布,随着国际贸易频繁往来,加大了该虫侵入黑龙江省的危险性.本文分析了马铃薯甲虫入侵风险,并提出了防范措施.     

Resistance and cross-resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

One of the major challenges in managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) is its remarkable ability to develop resistance to virtually every insecticide that has ever been used against it. Resistance is particularly common throughout northeastern USA as far north as Maine. The first instances of resistance to imidacloprid have already been reported from several locations in New York, Delaware and southern Maine. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action may delay insecticide resistance, but successful implementation of this technique depends on a good understanding of resistance and cross-resistance patterns in populations of target pests. LC(50) values were measured for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Colorado potato beetle populations from a variety of locations in the USA and Canada using diet incorporation bioassays. The field performance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin against imidacloprid-resistant beetles on a commercial potato farm in southern Maine was also evaluated. Correlation between LC(50) values for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was highly significant, even when populations previously exposed to thiamethoxam were excluded from the analysis. There was no statistically detectable difference in the LC(50) values between populations exposed to both insecticides and to imidacloprid alone. Applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting delayed build-up of imidacloprid-resistant beetle populations on field plots by 1-2 weeks but failed to provide adequate crop protection. Consistently with bioassay results, there was also substantial cross-resistance among the three tested neonicotinoid insecticides. Results of the present study support the recommendation to avoid rotating imidacloprid with thiamethoxam as a part of a resistance management plan.     

Ingested RNA interference for managing the populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology for conducting functional genomics studies and also as a potential tool for crop protection against insect pests. The major challenge for efficient pest control using RNAi in the field is the development of efficient and reliable methods for production and delivery of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). In this paper, the potential of feeding dsRNA expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro to manage populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (CPB), was investigated. RESULTS: Feeding RNAi successfully triggered the silencing of all five target genes tested and caused significant mortality and reduced body weight gain in the treated beetles. This study provides the first example of an effective RNAi response in insects after feeding dsRNA produced in bacteria. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the efficient induction of RNAi using bacteria to deliver dsRNA is a possible method for management of CPB. This could be also a promising bioassay approach for genome‐wide screens to identify effective target genes for use as novel RNAi‐based insecticides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

马铃薯甲虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)是我国马铃薯恶性入侵害虫。本研究利用聚集度指标检验、Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归法对马铃薯甲虫成虫、幼虫和卵在田间的空间分布型进行了研究。聚集度指标检测各虫态均为聚集分布,且种群聚集主要是由马铃薯甲虫各虫态本身的聚集行为,或由其本身的聚集行为与环境异质性共同作用所致。建立了马铃薯甲虫成虫、幼虫和卵在田间调查的理论抽样数学模型。田间抽样方法,成虫应采用大五点、对角线法;幼虫最适应采用Z字型法;卵最适应采用对角线法。     

马铃薯甲虫空间分布型及序贯抽样

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say是一种重要的害虫,为明确其在新疆的空间分布,及时采取有效的防控措施,在田间调查的基础上,采取随机取样和Iwao回归分析法对新疆乌鲁木齐地区的马铃薯甲虫成虫、卵块和幼虫的空间分布型、理论抽样数及幼虫的序贯抽样方法进行了研究。结果表明,马铃薯甲虫各虫态空间格局的聚块性指标均大于1,空间分布型为普通群聚型;对低龄幼虫进行序贯抽样,当防治阈值为50头/样方、置信水平为1.96时,防治上、下限方程分别为:d1=50n+81n和d0=50n-81n,当百株虫量达到756头以上时需要进行防治。     

Neural actions of imidacloprid and their involvement in resistance in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

BACKGROUND: The development of resistance to imidacloprid in eastern US populations of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), threatens this critical use for neonicotinoid insecticides. Previous pharmacokinetic studies with resistant adult CPBs provided no explanation for the high resistance level (over 200-fold) to topically applied imidacloprid. The authors assessed the neural activity of imidacloprid by recording spontaneous activity from a motor nerve leaving the isolated central nervous system to compare the sensitivity of the latter to imidacloprid between susceptible and resistant CPBs. RESULTS: On the isolated central nervous system, imidacloprid was initially neuroexcitatory, and neuroinhibitory at higher concentrations. The neuroexcitatory action of imidacloprid was blocked by coapplication of a specific nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine, indicating that it is a result of action on nAChRs. The sensitivity to the neuroexcitatory and inhibitory activities of imidacloprid varied independently among individuals in each population. The sensitivity of the central nervous system of resistant CPBs to excitation by imidacloprid did not differ from that of susceptible insects, but the sensitivity to inhibition by imidacloprid was reduced 52- to 58-fold, indicating a possible change in the sensitivity of at least one subgroup of nAChRs. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that reduced nerve sensitivity to the blocking action of imidacloprid is associated with imidacloprid resistance in the CPB.     

Behavioural response of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae to selected plant extracts

Potato leaves were treated with 2, 20 or 200 g kg(-1) solutions of extracts of five plant species collected in Turkey, and then exposed to larvae of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). During the first 24 h of exposure, leaf consumption was not affected by 2 g kg(-1) extracts, whereas significantly more leaf tissue remained on leaves treated with 20 g kg(-1) extracts of Arctium lappa L., Bifora radians M Bieb, Humulus lupulus L. or Xanthium strumarium L. than on untreated control leaves. Feeding was not affected by the 20 g kg(-1) extract of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk ex Fisch & Mey. Extracts of all species at 200 g kg(-1) reduced larval feeding, with H. lupulus and X. strumarium providing the greatest protection. Observations of larval behaviour over the first 15 min of exposure to these extracts revealed that the interaction of beetles with leaf tissue was significantly affected by plant extracts. Feeding frequency was not affected by 2 g kg(-1) extracts but was reduced by all higher concentrations. Feeding was inhibited completely by 20 g kg(-1) of H. lupulus extract and reduced significantly compared with the controls by all other extracts. Suppression of feeding was caused by all extracts at 200 g kg(-1), with V. songaricum providing 91% reduction in feeding duration. Rejection behaviour, in which larvae did not return to the leaf after their interaction with it, was rare on 2 g kg(-1) extracts but seen in over 60% of larvae on 20 g kg(-1) extracts and over 80% on 200 g kg(-1) extracts. The present results demonstrate that these extracts have significant ability to protect potato leaves for up to 24 h by prevention of feeding behaviour by L. decemlineata. Further studies are needed to determine the potential of these plant extracts, or their active components, for use in biologically based pest management strategies.     

Evaluation of the resistance of transgenic potato plants expressing various levels of Cry3A against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in the laboratory and field

BACKGROUND: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, is a destructive pest. The CPB is a quarantine pest in China, but has now invaded the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and is continuing to spread eastwards. To control the damage and overspreading, transgenic potato plants expressing Cry3A toxin were developed, and their resistance to CPB was evaluated by bioassays in the laboratory and field in 2009, 2010 and 2011. RESULTS: The insect resistance of the high‐dose (HD) transgenic lines was significantly greater than the middle‐dose (MD) and low‐dose (LD) transgenic lines regarding leaf consumption, biomass accumulation and mortality. The HD and MD transgenic lines showed 100% mortality when inoculated with first‐ and second‐instar larvae; however, the LD transgenic lines showed about 50% mortality. The HD transgenic lines exhibited a significantly higher yield than the MD and LD transgenic lines owing to their high CPB resistance. CONCLUSION: Commercially available transgenic potato plants with above 0.1% Cry3A of total soluble protein and NT control refugia could control damage, delay adaptation and halt dispersion eastwards. The two HD transgenic lines developed in this study, PAH1 and PAH2, are ideal for use as cultivars or germplasm to breed new cultivars. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆越冬代马铃薯甲虫出土规律及其影响因子分析

为进一步揭示环境因子对马铃薯甲虫成虫越冬出土的影响,运用ArcGIS软件的空间分析工具,研究了越冬代成虫出土后的空间分布格局,同时比较了土壤温度、湿度对其出土规律的影响。结果显示,越冬代马铃薯甲虫成虫出土后主要聚集在刚出土的马铃薯苗上,拥挤度指标(m~*/m)为1.83,呈聚集分布。2011、2012年乌鲁木齐市马铃薯甲虫出土的起点温度分别为10.6℃和13.0℃,而2011年察布查尔县起点温度为14.6℃,且逐日出土虫量与土壤温度呈线性正相关。5月降水量大的年份马铃薯甲虫出土较早。研究表明,土壤温、湿度是影响马铃薯甲虫越冬代成虫出土活动的重要因素。