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Toru TACHIBANA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Sayuri OSAKI Takeshi KURAISHI Shosaku HATTORI Midori YOSHIZAWA Chieko KAI Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):161-165
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected
for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri
spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous
hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic
states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two
monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus
than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area
showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic
observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of
large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results
suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between
Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in
adrenocortical physiology and pathological models. 相似文献
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Masanao MATAYOSHI Takashi KITANO Tetsu SASAKI Masaji NAKAMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):705-710
A total of 349 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica
serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) strains, which were isolated
between 2008 and 2012 from 349 pigs at two slaughterhouses in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan,
were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of antimicrobial
resistance genes. All isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents. The
antimicrobial agents for which isolates showed a high incidence of resistance were as
follows: ampicillin (100%) and streptomycin (100%), followed by gentamicin (99.7%),
oxytetracycline (99.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (99.4%), nalidixic acid (40.1%) and
oxolinic acid (40.1%). All isolates were sensitive to cefuroxime, ceftiofur, colistin,
fosfomycin, enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin and danofloxacin. The predominant resistance
phenotypes and genotypes were: resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin,
oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (58.5%, 204/349) and
blaTEM-strA-strB-aadA1-aadA2-aacC2-tet
(B)-sul1-sul2-dhfrXII-dhfrXIII (36.1%, 126/349). The quinolone
resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and
parE of the quinolone-resistant isolates (n=12) showed amino acid
substitutions of Ser-83→Phe or Asp-87→Tyr in GyrA and Ser-107→Ala in ParC. To our
knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characterization of antimicrobial
resistance among S. Choleraesuis strains in Japan. 相似文献
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Mohamed M’BAYE Guohua HUA Hamid Ali KHAN Liguo YANG 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):391-397
Inhibins are members of the TGFβ superfamily and act as suppressors
of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from pituitary glands
via a negative feedback mechanism to regulate folliculogenesis. In
this study, the INHBB gene was knocked down by three
RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen vector- mediated recombinant plasmids
to explore the effects of INHBB silencing on
granulosa cell (GC) cell cycle, apoptosis and steroid production
in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to
evaluate the role of INHBB in the mouse GC cell
cycle, apoptosis and steroid production in vitro. The
results showed that the relative mRNA and protein expression of
INHBB in mouse GCs can be significantly reduced by
RNAi with pshRNA-B1, pshRNA-B2 and pshRNA-B3 plasmids, with pshRNA-B3
having the best knockdown efficiency. Downregulation of the expression
of INHBB significantly arrests cells in the G1 phase
of the cell cycle and increases the apoptosis rate in GCs. This was
further confirmed by downregulation of the protein expressions of
Cyclin D1, Cyclin E and Bcl2, while the protein expression of Bax was
upregulated. In addition, specific downregulation of
INHBB markedly decreased the concentration of
estradiol and progesterone, which was further validated by the
decrease in the mRNA levels of CYP19A1and
CYP11A1. These findings suggest that inhibin βB is
important in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in
granulosa cells. Furthermore, the inhibin βB subunit has a role in the
regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Evidence is accumulating
to support the concept that inhibin βB is physiologically essential
for early folliculogenesis in the mouse. 相似文献
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Tsukasa OKANO Manabu ONUMA Hiroko ISHINIWA Noriko AZUMA Masanori TAMAOKI Nobuyoshi NAKAJIMA Junji SHINDO Yasushi YOKOHATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):799-807
The large Japanese field mouse, Apodemus speciosus, is a
potential indicator of environmental stress, but this function has not been confirmed by
histological studies. Since environmental stress affects the reproductive function of
mice, we determined the reproductive characteristics of this species at two locations:
Toyama (36°35ʹN, 137°24ʹE) and Aomori (40°35ʹN, 140°57ʹE). Mice were captured during
May–November (n=119) and July–November (n=146) at these locations, respectively. We
classified the breeding season from the numbers of pregnant females and young, in addition
to the spermatogenic cycle and seasonal changes in seminiferous tubule morphology of
males. Testicular weight was measured, and seminiferous tubule morphology was examined
histologically. Fourteen stages were found in the seminiferous epithelium cycle based on
acrosome formation and spermatid head morphology. At both locations, the breeding season
peaked from late summer to early autumn and possibly in spring. Spermatogenic activity was
classified into 4 periods from June to November: resting around June and October–November;
resumptive around July; active around August; and degenerative around September. During
the resting period, the seminiferous tubules consisted of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and
spermatocytes. Spermatogenesis began during the resumptive period, and spermatids were
observed. During the active period, active spermatogenesis and a broad lumen were
observed. During the degenerative period, spermatogenesis ended, and Sertoli cells,
spermatogonia, spermatocytes and degenerating exfoliated round spermatids were observed.
This study provides scientific information about the testicular histopathological
evaluations of the large Japanese field mouse for its use as an index species of
environmental pollution. 相似文献
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Ryota MATSUYAMA Naotoshi KUNINAGA Tomoya MORIMOTO Tetsuya SHIBANO Akiko SUDO Kazunari SUDO Makoto ASANO Masatsugu SUZUKI Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1179-1181
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis
and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides
among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the
antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated
from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were
subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which
showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%)
and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P.
shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological
risk to public health. 相似文献
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Tomoaki Tochitani Izumi Matsumoto Kohei Hoshino Kaoru Toyosawa Mami Kouchi Takatoshi Koujitani Juki Kimura Hitoshi Funabashi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):187-191
The common marmoset (Callithrix
jacchus) is now widely used in various
research fields, including toxicology. However,
information about the background pathology of this
species is scarce. Here, we report a case of
rhabdomyosarcoma that spontaneously occurred in a
common marmoset. A 44-month-old male common
marmoset was euthanized due to bilateral hind limb
paralysis. At necropsy, a 2×2×5-cm intramuscular
mass was observed in the lower right back.
Histologically, the mass was mainly composed of
interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped tumor cells.
Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were
positive for myogenin, desmin, vimentin and
alpha-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the
tumor cells contained bundles of myofilaments with
Z-band-like structures. Thus, the tumor was
diagnosed as a rhabdomyosarcoma. To our knowledge,
this is the first report of spontaneous
rhabdomyosarcoma that was definitely diagnosed in
the common marmoset. 相似文献
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Jin HUR Seong Kug EO Sang-Youel PARK Yoonyoung CHOI John Hwa LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1693-1696
Salmonella Typhimurium strain expressing the Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae antigens, ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OmpA, was previously
constructed as a vaccine candidate for porcine pleuropneumonia. This strain was a live
attenuated (∆lon∆cpxR∆asd)Salmonella as a delivery host
and contained a vector containing asd. An immunological study of
lymphocyte proliferation, T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the splenocytes of a mouse
model was carried out after stimulation with the candidate Salmonella
Typhimurium by intranasal inoculation. The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the levels
of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 of the inoculated mice were significantly increased, and the T-
and B-cell populations were also elevated. Collectively, the candidate may efficiently
induce the Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. 相似文献
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Jin-A LEE Bock-Gie JUNG Tae-Hoon KIM Yun-Mi KIM Hong-Bum KOH Bong-Joo LEE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1087-1094
Biotite and bentonite are phyllosilicate minerals that were originally used in
industrial applications. Several beneficial activities of them have recently been
reported, especially regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial effects. Therefore,
we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of a biotite and
bentonite mixture (BBM) on experimental infection of Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to determine whether the BBM could
be used as an alternative antibiotic. We administered 1% or 2% BBM as a feed supplement.
We then evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of the BBM against S.
Typhimurium. We also evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of the BBM through several
immunological experiments that included examination of the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and the T-helper type 1 (Th 1)
cytokine profile. The clinical signs of S. Typhimurium and the number of
viable bacteria in feces and tissues were significantly decreased in both BBM groups,
especially in the 2% BBM group. The BBM also markedly enhanced the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and expression levels of IFN-γ and
IL-12 in S. Typhimurium-challenged pigs. Therefore, the BBM could be a
good candidate as an alternative antibiotic that improves Th 1-specific immune responses
and the bacterial clearance effect. 相似文献
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Mai YAMAMOTO Takashige KASHIMOTO Ping TONG Jianbo XIAO Michiko SUGIYAMA Miyuki INOUE Rie MATSUNAGA Kohei HOSOHARA Kazue NAKATA Kenji YOKOTA Keiji OGUMA Koichiro YAMAMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):823-828
Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of primary septicemia, wound
infection and gastroenteritis in immunocompromised people. In this study, signature-tagged
mutagenesis (STM) was applied to identify the virulence genes of V.
vulnificus. Using STM, 6,480 mutants in total were constructed and divided into
81 sets (INPUT pools); each mutant in a set was assigned a different tag. Each INPUT pool
was intraperitoneally injected into iron-overloaded mice, and in vivo
surviving mutants were collected from blood samples from the heart (OUTPUT pools). From
the genomic DNA of mixed INPUT or OUTPUT pools, digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes against the
tagged region were prepared and used for dot hybridization. Thirty tentatively attenuated
mutants, which were hybridized clearly with INPUT probes but barely with OUTPUT probes,
were negatively selected. Lethal doses of 11 of the 30 mutants were reduced to more than
1/100; of these, the lethal doses of 2 were reduced to as low as 1/100,000.
Transposon-inserted genes in the 11 attenuated mutants were those for IMP dehydrogenase,
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase, aspartokinase, phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine
cyclo-ligase, malate Na (+) symporter and hypothetical protein. When mice were immunized
with an attenuated mutant strain into which IMP dehydrogenase had been inserted with a
transposon, they were protected against V. vulnificus infection. In this
study, we demonstrated that the STM method can be used to search for the virulence genes
of V. vulnificus. 相似文献
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Kohei Matsushita Aki Kijima Yuji Ishii Shinji Takasu Meilan Jin Ken Kuroda Hiroaki Kawaguchi Noriaki Miyoshi Takehiko Nohmi Kumiko Ogawa Takashi Umemura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(1):19-27
In this study, the potential for development of an animal model (GPG46) capable of rapidly detecting chemical carcinogenicity and the underlying mechanisms of action were examined in gpt delta rats using a reporter gene assay to detect mutations and a medium-term rat liver bioassay to detect tumor promotion. The tentative protocol for the GPG46 model was developed based on the results of dose-response exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treatment with phenobarbital over time following DEN administration. Briefly, gpt delta rats were exposed to various chemicals for 4 weeks, followed by a partial hepatectomy (PH) to collect samples for an in vivo mutation assay. The mutant frequencies (MFs) of the reporter genes were examined as an indication of tumor initiation. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10 mg/kg DEN was administered to rats 18 h after the PH to initiate hepatocytes. Tumor-promoting activity was evaluated based on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci at week 10. The genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinolone (IQ) and safrole (SF), the non-genotoxic carcinogens piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and phenytoin (PHE), the non-carcinogen acetaminophen (APAP) and the genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogen aristolochic acid (AA) were tested to validate the GPG46 model. The validation results indicate that the GPG46 model could be a powerful tool in understanding chemical carcinogenesis and provide valuable information regarding human risk hazards. 相似文献
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Ling-Cong KONG Duo GAO Yun-Hang GAO Shu-Ming LIU Hong-Xia MA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1655-1657
The minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs), mutation prevention concentrations (MPCs) and contribution of
quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations to fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin) susceptibility in 23 Pasteurella
multocida (Pm) isolates were investigated.
Fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (MICs ≤0.25 µg/ml,
9 isolates) had no QRDR mutations, and their respective MPCs were low.
Fluoroquinolone-intermediate isolates (MICs=0.5 µg/ml,
14 isolates) had QRDR mutations (Asp87 to Asn or Ala84 to Pro in gyrA),
and their respective MPCs were high (4–32 µg/ml).
First-step mutants (n=5) and laboratory-derived highly resistant fluoroquinolone mutants
(n=5) also had QRDR mutations. The MICs of fluoroquinolones for mutant-derived strains
were decreased in the presence of efflux inhibitors. The results indicated that the
fluoroquinolone resistance of Pm is mainly due to multiple target gene
mutations in gyrA and parC and the overexpression of
efflux pump genes. 相似文献