渠灌区低压管道工程的应用及经济效益分析

渠灌区低压管道工程的应用及经济效益分析陈延亮，刘树明（山东省无棣县水利局）本区属黄泛平原浅平洼地，地势平坦，为了将具有节水、节能、节地、省工等优点的低压管道输水灌溉技术自井灌区推广应用到渠灌区，我们选定了无棣县水湾镇的几个村为示范工程，开发应用低压管...     

全国低压管道输水灌溉科技信息网

全国低压管道输水灌溉科技信息网金永堂（中国水科院水利所）低压管道代替土渠输水灌溉，具有省水（约４０％，每公顷节水平均１８００ｍ３）、节能（３０％～５０％，每公顷平均节电１５ｋｗ·ｈ）、省地（占灌面的１．５％～３．５％）、省工（由于输水快，不需护渠人员...     

农业节水抗旱技术

设施节水灌溉 (1)管灌技术.即管道输水灌溉,是利用低压管道埋设地下或铺设地面,将灌溉水直接输送到田间,常用的输水管多为硬塑管或软塑管.该技术与土渠输水灌溉相比,一般可省水30%～50%.     

21世纪农机新亮点

节水灌溉新型设备 节水、节能灌溉技术与设备有喷灌、微灌(包括微喷灌、滴灌、渗灌等)技术设备.我国为减少土渠输入渗漏,现正在发展低压输水管道和U型防渗渠道.     

21世纪我国农机工业发展热点项目分析

节水、节能灌溉技术与设备有喷灌、微灌(包括微喷灌、滴灌、渗灌等)技术设备,我国为减少土渠输水渗漏,还正在发展低压输水管道和U型防渗渠道。     

低山丘陵水库灌区自压管道输水工程技术示范与应用

充分利用低山丘陵区水库灌区地形地貌自然落差，进行自压管道输水、这是缩少过水断面，提高渠系水的利用系数的有效措施。对此，在龙口市的北邢家水库灌区进行了试验示范，取得了很好的效果。结果表明：与原土渠灌溉相比，渠系水利用系数提高了0．23，灌溉水利用系数提高了0．25，灌区年均节水161万m^3，节水效果极为显著。成果为水库灌区的续建和改造提供了新的模式。     

大口径低压管道的内压试验及结构分析

由水电科学研究院和无棣县水利局共同在无棣县建立的四个万亩水利示范区,以开发引黄渠灌区低压管道输水灌溉技术,无棣县信阳示范区是其中之一.自1988～1991年,我们建立了万亩节水灌溉示范区.首次推出了现浇内衬塑料软管外护混凝土大口径低压管道输水灌溉工程.在信阳前胡村设计了三级管网系统(内径400、300mm到200mm三级管道).整个管道系统呈网状分布,最远输     

日本的农用输水管道结构设计

日本的农用输水管道结构设计吉晔（中国灌溉排水技术开发培训中心北京１０００５３）１前言目前低压管道输水灌溉在我国发展十分迅速，已从井灌区向渠灌区、从平原灌区向丘陵山区发展，各种类型的输水管道得到了推广应用，但也因此带来了一些问题，比如输水管道的结构设计...     

我国节水灌溉发展面积现状与宏观效益分析

对我国工程节水灌溉(防渗渠道输水灌溉、低压管道输水灌溉、喷灌、微灌、雨水集蓄工程节水灌溉)和非工程节水灌溉(水稻节水灌溉、坐水种等)面积发展状况作了简要总结，对其宏观效益作了扼要分析。     

农业节水灌溉技术

干旱缺水是发展农业的严重障碍因素,全面推行农业节水抗旱技术势在必行。 一、田间地面灌水技术。改土渠为防渗渠输水灌溉,可节水20％左右。在习惯大水漫灌或大畦大沟灌溉的地方,推广宽畦改窄畦,长畦改短畦,长沟改短沟,控制田间灌水量,提高灌水的有效利用率,是节水灌溉的行之有效措施。     

多级提水灌溉系统的临界经济扬程分析

丘陵地区提水灌溉需要的扬程高，水费占灌溉成本的比重大，农民的负担很重。针对这种状况，在充分考虑农民的水费负担能力的基础上，提出丘陵地区多级提水灌溉系统临界经济扬程的概念和计算方法，为丘陵地区提水灌溉系统的更新改造和规划设计提供了科学依据。     

渠系调控的过渡过程

论述了渠系过渡过程在配水管理及调控中的重要意义,分析了过渡时间的变化规律,论证了输配水系统的稳定特性,讨论了系统控制建模的一般方法,这对渠道水量调控的研究及建模都有参考作用。     

灌区塘堰拦蓄地表径流能力的研究

塘堰是我国丘陵地灌区的一项重要灌溉设施，能拦蓄地表径流，蓄积降雨用于灌溉。提出拦蓄系数的概念，来衡量塘堰拦蓄地表径流的能力，并通过实例来说明拦蓄系数的计算及其应用。     

Irrigation Policy Reforms for Rice Cultivation in Egypt

This paper reports a fieldresearch that evaluated irrigation waterdelivery options for promoting conservativewater use in rice cultivation. Ricecultivation in the Delta region of Egypthas grown dramatically, replacing cotton asthe major summer crop. The Ministry ofWater Resources and Irrigation is findingit difficult to limit the area planted torice since rice cultivation is profitableto farmers. A socially more feasibleoption is to encourage farmers to cultivateshort-season rice varieties. The Ministrycan then adopt the policy that will provideirrigation water to the farmers to supportcultivation of 120-day rice varietiesrather than 160-day traditional varieties. The field studies conducted for two yearsin the Nile Delta conclusively show thatthis is indeed feasible. Farmers in thedemonstration canal areas were able tosuccessfully finish 120-day ricecultivation, which allowed the Ministrystaff to end the rice water delivery about35 days early and realize substantial watersavings.     

The Water Delivery Performance Within the Chivilcoy Tertiary Unit, Mendoza, Argentina

The 4th Chivilcoy tertiary unit (1630 ha)receives irrigation water from theMontecaseros canal. This canal and its 16tertiary units is managed by theMontecaseros Users Association (8531 ha),being one of the 13 UA's in the Rio TunuyanMedio irrigation system (81200 ha). The 4thChivilcoy unit was selected for performanceresearch because it is representative for amajor part of the Tunuyan system; itcontains (near abandoned) fields with waterlogging and salinity problems and fieldswith maximum attainable yields. This paperreports on performance indicatorsquantifying the water delivery to the 12quaternary units. Also the delivery ofwater to the 19 farms in the Los Saucesquaternary unit (109 ha) is quantified. Allflow data were measured with broad-crestedweirs fitted with pressure loggersmeasuring the head at 15 minutes intervals.Because of this short interval, the timingof water delivery could be monitored andcompared with the intended deliveryschedule.     

Performance assessment of irrigation water management in old lands of the Nile delta of Egypt

This paper provides the methodology and results of a cross-scale diagnostic performance assessment program of the irrigation water management in the old lands of the Nile Delta of Egypt. The analysis was done at three levels; main canal level, branch canals level and on-farm level of the Meet Yazid command (82,740 ha) for the year 2008?C2009 to highlight areas for improvement. At the main canal level the annual average percentage of irrigation water returning to drains and groundwater was 53% of the total water supplied. Since Meet Yazid lies at tail end of the delta, and there is groundwater salinity, opportunities for reuse are increasingly limited moving north to Lake Burullus. This would indicate opportunities for real water savings. The results of monthly relative water supply of the main canal indicated mismatch between demand and supply especially during the winter months, and when supply is low farmers do reuse drainage or groundwater. Also, the assessment of the three branch canals showed non-uniformity of water distribution and mismatch between demand and supply even when comparing improved and non-improved canals. At the on-farm level in paddy fields, the amount of irrigation flows to drains and saline sinks varied from 0.46 to 0.71 of inflow. In spite of these values of non-uniformity and low depleted fraction, the relative evapotranspiration (ratio of actual to potential) evaporation was uniformly high, indicating most crops of most farmers were not water stressed, which is also confirmed by the high yield values. The average values of productivity per unit water depleted by ET_act were 1.04 and 1.05 kg/m³ for rice and wheat fields, respectively, with yields of rice and wheat at 8 and 6 t per ha respectively. On farm and tertiary improvements alone will not yield real water savings, as excess water in the main canal and drains will continue to flow out of the system. Rather the focus should first be on supplies to the main canal, accompanied by more precise on farm and water delivery practices at branch and tertiary levels, and ensuring that environmental flows are met. There is an added advantage of focusing on this tail end region of Egypt that this response would lessen vulnerability to reuse of polluted and saline water.     

在山丘高氟水区寻找低氟水

由于复杂的地球物理化学原因导致了地下水形成高氟水。该文重点从水动力条件及富水岩石成分，分析了不同类型高氟水成因，提出了在山丘高氟水区寻找低氟水的方法。     

水位-流量关系曲线在山区无量水设施渠道水量测量中的运用

贵州省灌区渠道兴建较早,渠系量水设施不配套,导致农业灌溉用水量长期以来不能准确测定。因此,探索简单易操作的农业灌溉用水量测定方法,对制定合理的水量分配制度具有重要意义。通过选取贵州省黔西县民乐灌区总干渠作为试点,采用流速仪测定该干渠不同水位下的流量,绘制水位流量关系曲线,并归纳该渠道水位流量关系经验公式,为落后山区无量水设施灌区的农业灌溉用水量探索一种简单实用的测定方法。     

山丘区高效节水灌溉工程设计要点

该文根据山丘区地形地貌、气候特征和水资源条件等情况,对山丘高效节水灌溉设计中应该注意的问题进行汇总,主要从水源工程设计、灌溉制度拟定、灌水方式选择、管材选择和管网布置等方面进行分析,提出了山丘区高效节水灌溉工程的设计要点,可供相关的工程设计进行参考。      

皖东江淮丘陵区不同水文年水稻优化灌溉制度的研究

依据安徽省天长市气象局1961-2008年多年气象资料和安徽省天长二峰灌溉试验重点站多年水稻灌溉试验成果,从不同水文年的水稻需水量、渗漏量、降雨量入手,利用建立的水分生产函数模型和水量平衡原理分析了皖东江淮丘陵区不同水文年水稻在不同供水条件下的优化灌溉制度。为准确客观评估皖东江淮丘陵区的水稻干旱损失,制定抗旱减灾工作预案,水资源的优化调度,合理的调整产业结构等提供科学依据。