胡子鲇胚胎发育的观察

利用性成熟的胡子鲇通过人工授精方法获得受精卵,采用光学显微镜观察受精卵胚胎发育的整个过程．其发育过程分为：受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、尾芽期和孵化期．整个过程在水温27．6～30．5℃条件下,持续23h12min．未受精的卵吸水膨胀不明显,并不产生“附着盘”．卵黄运动在卵裂期过程中逐渐加强．出膜过程的启动与头尾的摆动作用无关．     

Sonar Signals of the Sea Lion

Tape recordings were made of the underwater noises of captive sea lions swimming in a concrete pool at night. When approaching pieces of fish that were thrown into the water, the sea lions emitted trains of sound signals like those of the bat and the porpoise. A detailed analysis of these noises shows that they meet the criteria of a pulse-modulated sonar system and, in fact, reveal an amazing sophistication so far as echo ranging is concerned.     

胡子鲇鱼种的培育试验

利用池塘将全长2cm的胡子鲇（Clarias fuscus）鱼苗培育成全长6～8cm的鱼种,放养密度为150尾/m^2.试验结果,成活率达60%以上,经济效益较好,说明利用池塘合理密养进行胡子鲇鱼种的培育是可行的.     

从进境木包装中截获的栉角窃蠹

介绍了从进境木包装中截获的栉角窃蠹的分布、危害、形态特征等,以便今后在检疫过程中引起重视,防止该虫的入侵和扩散。     

Vampire bat control by systemic treatment of livestock with an anticoagulant

The blood of beef cattle given single doses (1 milligram per kilogram of body weight) of diphenadione (2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione) became toxic to vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) and remained toxic for 3 days without harming the cattle. Cattle at three ranches in Mexico treated with single intraruminal injections of diphenadione experienced a reduction in vampire bat bites of 93 percent. Bioassays of milk and liver from cattle treated orally with diphenadione in the laboratory indicated that there were no residue problems.     

革胡子鲶幼鱼对本地胡子鲶幼鱼残杀行为研究

在不同条件下,对革胡子鲶幼鱼对本地胡子鲶残杀行为进行了研究.结果表明:(1)体重比例不同的两种幼鱼,本地胡子鲶的死亡率会随着比例的增大而增大,但是当两种胡子鲶的幼鱼大小达到一定比例时,死亡率就会随比例的增大而变小.(2)放养密度高低、是否有充足饵料对日死亡率影响显著.(3)温度和光照对革胡子鲶的残杀行为有影响,但差异不显著.(4)有无遮蔽物对革胡子鲶的残杀行为影响很小.说明高密度养殖、是否有充分的饵料、温度和个体大小的差异是导致胡子鲶幼鱼发生残杀行为的主要原因,光照会诱发和促进残杀行为的发生.     

响应面法优化大樱桃酸奶的配方

以大樱桃和鲜牛奶为主要原料,经德式保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌生产搅拌型大樱桃酸奶.以酸奶的感官评价、持水率和可溶性固形物含量为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面分析法对大樱桃酸奶的生产工艺进行研究.结果表明:大樱桃酸奶生产的最优工艺参数为大樱桃汤汁添加量11.39％,大樱桃果粒的添加量6.35％,木糖醇添加量10.71％.初发酵时间为8h,温度为42℃,冷藏后熟的时间为24h,温度为4℃.在此条件下,大樱桃酸奶呈浅粉色,果粒脆甜爽口呈红色且均匀分布.凝乳均匀无杂质,口感细腻润滑,酸奶味香浓,口味协调.感官评分为9.880,理论值9.961与试验值的相对偏差为0.81％.蛋白质、脂肪和非脂乳固体含量分别为2.47、3.06和8.31 g·100g-1,各项理化指标均达到国家标准.在研究过程中,解决了大樱桃酸奶褐变,果粒变软的问题,开发的大樱桃酸奶颜色、口感都达到了要求,对于今后大樱桃的加工开发,提供了技术支撑.     

7种杀虫剂对褐飞虱的毒力测定

用4种生物测定方法测定了7种杀虫剂对越南九龙江褐飞虱种群的毒力。稻茎浸渍法测定结果表明:7种杀虫剂对褐飞虱3龄若虫的毒力(LC50值)大小顺序为氟虫腈>吡蚜酮>噻虫嗪>噻嗪酮>毒死蜱>吡虫啉>叶蝉散;点滴法测定结果表明:5种杀虫剂对褐飞虱雌成虫的毒力(LD50值)大小顺序为噻虫嗪>氟虫腈>吡虫啉>毒死蜱>叶蝉散;浸苗法测定结果表明:7种杀虫剂对褐飞虱3龄若虫的毒力(LC50值)大小顺序为氟虫腈>吡蚜酮>噻虫嗪>噻嗪酮>毒死蜱>叶蝉散>吡虫啉;药膜法测定结果表明:7种杀虫剂对九龙江褐飞虱3龄若虫的毒力(LC50值)大小顺序为氟虫腈>叶蝉散>毒死蜱>噻虫嗪>吡蚜酮>吡虫啉>噻嗪酮。由此可见,目前氟虫腈、噻虫嗪和吡蚜酮药剂对越南九龙江褐飞虱毒力较高,毒死蜱、噻嗪酮毒力次之,吡虫啉和叶蝉散毒力较低,但药膜法测定结果表明,叶蝉散表现出较高毒力,噻嗪酮毒力最小。     

Recovery of masked visual targets by inhibition of the masking stimulus

Theories of visual backward masking all assume that a masked target is eliminated from the visual system. Experiments on reaction time to masked signals suggest otherwise, as does a recent demonstration that a masked target can be restored to phenomenal awareness by backward masking of the target's mask. Two experiments are reported here that substantiate the possibility of recovering a masked target, by using different stimulus materials and a more elaborate design than was employed in the first demonstration of this effect.     

Transmission of rabies to laboratory animals by bite of a naturally infected bat

The response of infiltrated surviving green leaves to HCN, 1-phenyl-2-thiourea, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is consistent with a functional role for cytochrome oxidase in respiration. Polyphenol oxidase does not function as a terminal oxidase in orchard grass.     

大数据驱动下的高校图书馆4R营销研究

通过对大数据时代下图书馆营销必要性与可行性的分析,探讨了高校图书馆如何利用4R市场营销理论,有效开展图书馆营销,调整服务理念和管理策略,提升服务质量。     

Replication in field biology: the case of the frog-eating bat

Studies conducted in the field offer unique opportunities to observe nature, but achieving true replication under natural conditions is challenging. As demonstrated by the discovery of frog eating by a charismatic bat, biology conducted in the field generally follows an interesting progression that includes discovery, demonstration, experimentation, and verification.     

烟草赤星病研究现状及存在问题

烟草赤星病是烟草生产上危害最大的病害之一 ,迄今对病菌生物学特性 ,寄主抗病性 ,病害消长规律以及综合防治等方面进行了广泛的研究。本文综述了烟草赤星病的研究成果 ,分析了赤星病研究工作中存在的问题 ,提出了加强病害预测预报 ,病菌生理分化 ,寄主—病原物互作机制以及利用生物技术获得抗源材料研究的未来烟草赤星病研究新领域     

Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave

A link is found between T wave alternans and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation, and a new approach is provided for quantification of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Complex demodulation reveals that alternation of the electrocardiogram is concentrated during the first half of the T wave, coinciding with the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, there are marked increases in the degree of T wave alternans that parallel the established time course of changes in vulnerability. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis is also accurately detected. Ultimately, complex demodulation of the electrocardiogram could provide a technique for identification and management of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.     

太阳能干燥牧草逐日集热系统的研制

针对传统太阳能牧草干燥设备集热效率低、脱水率低的情况,设计一种新型太阳能牧草干燥集热系统, 该系统主要由蜗轮蜗杆、电磁阀、弹簧、衔铁、电磁铁、齿轮、工质流通管道、光敏元件等组成,能保持太阳光时刻垂直 照射集热器,增强集热器集热面积上的太阳辐射强度,从而提高太阳能集热器的效率和工质温度,缩短牧草的干燥 时间。通过试验,1 h内,该系统能将牧草的含水量从70%干燥至12%,而固定安装的集热系统只能降至24%。该系统 具有脱水率高、稳定性好等特点,可极大地提高干燥牧草的效率。     

Gravitational inconsistency in the lunar theory: confirmation by radio tracking

When range and Doppler observations of space probes near or on Moon are reduced by use of a lunar ephemeris calculated from the Brown lunar theory, residuals as large as 440 meters in position and 1.5 millimeters per second in velocity are observed. When the calculations are repeated with use of LE 5, the integrated lunar ephemeris described (1), the residuals are greatly reduced.     

天空地遥感大数据赋能果园生产精准管理

【目的】水果产业是农民增收的支柱产业,在我国农业农村经济发展中占有重要地位。面对新的产业发展困境,推进果园生产全方位、全角度、全链条数字化改造,构建现代化数字果园发展模式具有重要的现实意义。【方法】文章提出了天空地遥感大数据驱动的果园生产精准管理新模式,以"数据—知识—决策"为主线,以果园生产数字化、网络化和智能化为目标,推进农业信息技术、农学农艺与农机装备的融合应用。【结果 /结论】利用航天遥感(天)、航空遥感(空)、地面物联网(地)一体化的技术手段,构建天空地一体化的果园智能感知技术体系,进行果园数量、空间位置与地理环境的精准感知与信息获取,解决"数据从哪里来"的基础问题;集成天空地遥感大数据、果树模型、图像视频识别、深度学习与数据挖掘等方法,构建果树长势、病虫害、水肥、产量等监测专有模型和算法,实现果园生产的快速监测与诊断,解决"数据怎么用"的关键问题;结合自动控制、传感器、农机装备等,利用数据赋能作业装备,实现果园生产的精准和无人作业,解决"数据如何服务"的重要问题。     

茉莉酸甲酯诱导水稻后对褐飞虱的抗性研究

进行茉莉酸甲酯诱导水稻后对褐飞虱的抗性试验,结果表明,应用茉莉酸甲酯0.25、0.50、1.00mM 3个浓度处理水稻品种后,IR26的抗虫水平分别提高了50.8%、46.6%、55.4%,IR36的抗虫水平分别提高了40.1%、36.8%、46.6%;茉莉酸甲酯0.25mM诱导IR26、IR36后褐飞虱的存活率显著低于对照,而对TN1则没有诱导效应;茉莉酸甲酯0.25mM诱导IR26、IR36、TN1后褐飞虱若虫发育历期显著长于对照;茉莉酸甲酯0.25mM诱导IR36、TN1后褐飞虱的取食量明显减少,拒食率分别达75.3%、62.7%;0.50mM茉莉酸甲酯诱导IR26后对褐飞虱的拒食率达87.1%.表明水稻经茉莉酸甲酯诱导后能对褐飞虱产生抗性,可诱导水稻植株产生系统防御反应.