工厂化栽培杏鲍菇优良菌株筛选试验

试验比较了11个杏鲍菇菌株菌丝生长速率、拮抗情况、栽培周期、总产量、生物学效率、子实体栽培性状等。结果表明:农大杏北菌株栽培周期短,产量高,子实体性状优良,适合工厂化栽培;杏528菌株子实体栽培性状与其他菌株有显著差异,但其生长周期最短,可以作为杏鲍菇杂交育种的亲本。     

不同杏鲍菇品种种质鉴定及原生质体单核体杂交育种

以7个生产上常用的杏鲍菇菌株为试材，采用拮抗试验、酯酶同工酶技术、ISSR分子标记技术对不同杏鲍菇菌株进行鉴别分类；进而利用原生质体单核体杂交育种技术，将不同种类、不同交配型菌株进行单单杂交，筛选出杂交成功且具有锁状联合的杂交菌株，对比杂交菌株与亲本菌株的菌丝生长速率、农艺性状等，以期为杏鲍菇的实际生产与栽培提供优良种质资源。结果表明：拮抗反应、酯酶同工酶、ISSR的研究结果一致，将7个杏鲍菇菌株分为3类，第1类为12、16、1208、1219、1287菌株；第2类为1283菌株；第3类为1284菌株。通过原生质体单核体杂交技术，获得24个杂交菌株；与亲本对比，筛选出了5个菌丝生长速率、菇体质量显著优于亲本的菌株，分别为ZJ5、ZJ8、ZJ11、ZJ17、ZJ22菌株。     

杏鲍菇13号杂交菌株选育研究

用杏鲍菇1号菌株和9号菌株通过单孢杂交育种方法选育出杏鲍菇13号杂交菌株。杏鲍菇13号杂交菌株的子实体产量最高,生物学效率达到109．20％。 ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A     

灰色关联度法在杏鲍菇优良杂交菌株筛选中的应用

以杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii ) 6号和ACCC50894为亲本,分别采用单孢杂交和原生质体单核体杂交方式获得65和37个杂交子,观测杂交子及亲本菌丝体生长情况,选择长势好及生长快速的杂交子进行栽培出菇试验.采用灰色关联度分析法对15个生长势较强的杂交子从7个性状方面进行综合评价,结果表明,单孢杂交获得的杂交子D12、D18、D20、D30、D19、D31、D17和D48关联度排名先于两亲本,农艺性状和子实体性状表现较好;原生质体单核体杂交菌株Y29和Y30关联度排名介于两亲本之间.     

16个杏鲍菇菌株的生物学特性及亲缘关系研究

对16个不同杏鲍菇菌株的菌丝拮抗作用、菌丝生长特性、生物学效率及子实体性状特征进行比较研究。研究结果表明,杏鲍菇栽培品种比较混乱,同种异名、同名异种的现象较为严重,同种异名的菌株间生物学特性表现出显著差异。杏01(杏鲍菇-1)、杏13(杏F)两个菌株的菌丝生长较快,长势较好,菌丝浓密,原基分化快,栽培周期短;出菇产量高,生物学效率均大于70%;菌盖大小适中,菌柄长且粗壮,子实体个体大,单菇重量大,组织致密,子实体各项性状优良。因此,菌株杏01与杏13可作为杏鲍菇优良菌株进行示范推广。     

甘蔗渣栽培杏鲍菇的配方比较试验

利用漳州地区大量低价、营养丰富的甘蔗渣工厂化栽培杏鲍菇,筛选以甘蔗渣为主料栽培杏鲍菇培养料配方。结果以配方3(甘蔗渣55%,木屑20%,玉米芯10%,麸皮10%,玉米粉3%,轻质碳酸钙1%,石灰1%)栽培杏鲍菇的效果最好,能够较好的促进菌丝生长,保持优良的生长性状,提高杏鲍菇多糖含量,杏鲍菇子实体产量和生物学转化率最高,且配方3的经济效益明显高于传统配方(CK)。     

杏鲍菇14号杂交菌株选育研究

用杏鲍菇9号菌株和11号菌株通过单孢杂交育种技术选育出杏鲍菇14号杂交新茵株。杏鲍菇14号杂交新菌株的子实体呈棍棒形，生物学效率达到84．64％。     

白背毛木耳杂交育种及杂交子选育

为了获得性状优良的毛木耳新品种,进行了杂交育种。实验以钩悬法收集毛木耳"丰2"子实体单孢子并培养获得其单核菌丝。采用单孢杂交(两点法)进行杂交培养,镜检"锁状联合"初选杂交子;通过与亲本的拮抗实验和酯酶同工酶电泳酶谱比对分析确认杂交子,并经出耳试验验证其结实性。实验结果显示,种内杂交的不同单核菌丝较易亲和并产生具结实能力的杂交子。     

杏鲍菇16号杂交菌株选育

用杏鲍菇10号菌株和13号菌株通过单孢杂交育种技术选育出杏鲍菇16号杂交新菌株。杏鲍菇16号杂交新菌株的子实体呈保龄球形，产量较高，生物学效率达到118．33％。     

酯酶同工酶技术在杏鲍菇杂种优势预测中的应用研究

探讨酯酶同工酶技术在杏鲍菇杂种优势预测中的应用.采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,以单孢杂交筛选的14个杏鲍菇杂交子代及其7个亲本为材料,对菌株间的亲缘关系和遗传差异进行了分析比较,预测杂交子代杂种优势的强弱.在一定范围内,杂交亲本的相似系数越小,也就是亲缘关系越远,杂交优势就越明显.试验根据杏鲍菇杂交子代酯酶同工酶酶谱“互补型酶带”和“杂种新酶带”的多少预测杏鲍菇杂交菌株强优势组合,杂交后代出现强优势的杂交子代有5-528、C-5、5X-511、5X-7菌株.酯酶同工酶分析技术在杂交育种、降低工作量、减少成本等方面具有指导意义.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.