山羊草属杀配子染色体2C特异SCAR标记的建立

用40条10碱基随机引物,对普通小麦“中国春”、“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系、柱穗山羊草进行RAPD分析,筛选到1个杀配子染色体2C特异引物OPF03。从“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系中克隆了该DNA片段。测序结果表明,该片段长1 496 bp,与大麦1个cDNA的同源性为92%。根据OPF03₁₄₉₆的序列设计了1对SCAR引物2C-F₅₈₆、2C-R₅₈₆,对普通小麦“中国春”、“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系、柱穗山羊草、二倍体长穗偃麦草、“中国春”-长穗偃麦草7E二体附加系等材料进行了SCAR分析,在“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系、柱穗山羊草中扩增出了586 bp的片段,而在普通小麦“中国春”、二倍体长穗偃麦草、“中国春”-长穗偃麦草7E二体附加系中没有该产物,初步证明此标记可以用于杀配子染色体2C的检测。进一步用该对SCAR引物对“中国春”-杀配子染色体2C二体附加系与“中国春”-长穗偃麦草7E二体附加系的杂种F₁代、F₂代进行了分析,结果在全部F₁代以及部分F₂代材料扩增出了目的片段,进一步证明了此SCAR标记可以用来检测小麦背景下的杀配子染色体2C,为小麦背景中杀配子染色体2C的快速跟踪检测提供了新途径。     

披碱草和野大麦及其杂种F1与BC1酯酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳技术对披碱草和野大麦及其杂种F₁与回交1代酯酶同工酶进行比较分析。结果表明,亲本披碱草和野大麦有位点相同的9条基带,从酶蛋白分子水平验证,两亲本有较近的亲缘关系。杂种F₁的酯酶同工酶谱主要表现为双亲酶带的互补类型,亲本的个别酶带在杂种F₁有丢失现象,正反交杂种F₁均产生一条杂种带。杂种F₁酶谱有偏向母本遗传的倾向。正反交的回交1低酯酶同工酶谱基本相同,但也存在一定的差异,回交1代的酯酶同工酶谱明显地偏向轮回亲本野大麦。酯酶同工酶具有多态性,可作为遗传标记用于杂种鉴定和回交后代目标性状植株的检测。     

日本结缕草抗寒相关性状的QTL分析

为寻找与结缕草(Zoysia japonica steud.)抗寒性状相关的数量性状位点(QTLs),利用生态条件具明显差异的2个日本结缕草品系室兰(Zoysia japonsic cv. Muroran)和俵山北(Zoysia japonsic cv. Tawarayama Kita)及其假测交产生的F₁代86个个体为材料,研究其在人工低温胁迫条件下叶片的半致死温度(LT₅₀)及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,并以447个SSR标记构建的日本结缕草遗传连锁图谱为基础,对抗寒相关的性状可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD活性进行了QTL定位分析。结果表明:F₁群体的可溶性蛋白含量与叶片LT₅₀呈显著负相关(P<0.05),可溶性糖含量及SOD活性与叶片LT₅₀呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。分别定位到与叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性相关的QTL各1个,分布于3个连锁群上,QTL的LOD值介于2.19~2.42之间,单个QTL可解释性状表型变异的范围在13.3%~13.8%。     

紫花苜蓿抗褐斑病ISSR分子标记研究

运用ISSR分子标记技术,采用集群分离分析法,对四倍体紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)F₁代进行抗褐斑病基因连锁的分子标记筛选,进而建立苜蓿褐斑病抗性遗传资源筛选和分子标记辅助选择(MAS)育种技术体系。结果表明:在93个随机引物中,有32个能够产生清晰稳定的扩增条带,其中6个在中抗杂交F₁代高抗、高感各12个单株所组成的抗、感DNA池间产生差异性条带;在抗、感DNA池的各12个单株中,挑选出高抗×高抗杂交F₁代3个组合中各25个单株,高感×高感杂交F₁代2个组合各25个单株进行验证,结果9-R920、20-R750、21-R430、818-R680均与F₁代苜蓿褐斑病抗病基因紧密连锁,866-S800与F₁代苜蓿褐斑病感病基因紧密连锁。     

哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的亚致死效应

酢浆草岩螨是为害红花酢浆草最为严重的害螨,哒螨灵作为一类广谱、触杀性杀螨剂可高效防治该害螨。为明确哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的亚致死效应,为酢浆草岩螨综合防控和哒螨灵的合理使用提供理论依据,采用叶片浸渍法测定哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的毒力,通过毒力回归方程得出哒螨灵对酢浆草岩螨的亚致死剂量LC₁₀、LC₂₀,采用建立生命表的方法评估哒螨灵亚致死剂量对酢浆草岩螨生长发育、繁殖力和生命表参数的影响。结果表明,经哒螨灵亚致死剂量LC₁₀、LC₂₀处理后,酢浆草岩螨生殖力显著下降(P<0.05),F₀和F₁代单雌产卵量分别下降了53.37%、55.46%与41.34%、45.24%;产卵期显著缩短(P<0.05),F₀和F₁代产卵期分别缩短了3.11、4.75 d与3.47、2.81 d;成螨寿命也显著缩短(P<0.05),F₀和F₁代成螨寿命分别缩短了1.45、2.04 d与3.24、4.00 d。此外,经哒螨灵LC₁₀、LC₂₀处理后,酢浆草岩螨F₁代净增殖率(R₀)、内禀增长率(r_m)、周限增长率(λ)与对照相比均显著下降(R₀由对照的28.54分别降低至16.91、15.48;r_m由对照的0.1650分别降低至0.1276、0.1249;λ由对照的1.1794分别降低至1.1435、1.1330;P<0.05),平均世代历期(T)、种群加倍时间(Dt)均显著延长(T由对照的20.31 d分别延长至22.17、21.94 d;Dt由对照的4.20 d分别延长至5.43、5.55 d;P<0.05)。由此可见,哒螨灵亚致死剂量对酢浆草岩螨试验种群的增长有抑制作用。     

Pathogenicity of a Strain of H5N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks and Mice

To investigate the pathogenicity of A/Hero/Guangdong/C1/2013(H5N6), an AIV strain isolated from Heron on ducks and mice, pathogenicity of this new virus strain and changing of histopathology as well as a preliminary study on its biological characteristics were studied by virus challenges test via intranasal and eye-drop and in chicken via jugular vein injection.Results showed that the EID₅₀ of this strain of virus was 10^-8.16/0.1 mL in embryonated chicken eggs and the intravenous inoculation of pathogenic index (IVPI) was 2.76.In ducks and mice, the 50% lethal doses (LD₅₀) of it were determined to be 10^-4.0/0.2 mL and 10^-4.67/0.05 mL, respectively.Symptoms of infection included loss of appetite, depression, swollen head and tears after being infected with 10⁶ EID₅₀ per duck by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of ducks died 4 to 7 days post-infection, liver, lung and kidney still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Anatomy showed symptoms of pericardial effusion, pulmonary congestion and kidney enlargement, while pathological section showed pathological change like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, liver, kidney and spleen.Mice developed symptoms of infection like loss of appetite, depression, shaggy coat and ruffled coat after being infected with 5×10⁵ EID₅₀ per mouse by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of the infected mice died 5 to 7 days post-infection and only liver still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Although organ anatomy showed no obvious pathological changes, pathological section showed pathological changes like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, kidney and lung.Our research demonstrated that this H5N6 subtype AIV had a strong pathogenicity and could be defined as a highly pathogenic AIV strain as its IVPI was greater than 1.2.Our work laid a theory foundation for study, prevention and control of H5N6 subtype AIV.     

一株H5N6亚型禽流感病毒对鸭和小鼠的致病性研究

为了研究一株从鹭中分离到的禽流感病毒(AIV)A/Heron/Guangdong/C1/2013(H5N6)对鸭和小鼠的致病力,本研究通过对鸭和小鼠滴鼻点眼和鸡的颈静脉注射进行攻毒试验,观察其致病力和组织病理学等变化,对其生物学特性进行初步研究。结果显示,该毒株的鸡胚半数感染量(EID₅₀)为10^-8.16/0.1 mL,静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)为2.76。对鸭的半数致死量(LD₅₀)为10^-4.0/0.2 mL,对小鼠的LD₅₀为10^-4.67/0.05 mL。以10⁶ EID₅₀/只滴鼻点眼感染鸭,主要表现为食欲下降、精神萎靡、肿头流泪等症状,大多数鸭在感染后4~7 d死亡,感染后第7 天肝脏、肺脏、肾脏仍在排毒,解剖可见心包积液、肺脏淤血、肾脏肿大等症状,病理切片可见心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏炎性细胞浸润,脑细胞核固缩等病变。以5×10⁵ EID₅₀/只滴鼻感染小鼠,主要表现为食欲下降、精神萎靡、被毛粗乱、聚堆等症状,大部分小鼠在感染后5~7 d死亡,第7天时只有肺脏仍在排毒,各脏器解剖学病变不明显,病理切片可见心脏、肾脏、肺脏炎性细胞浸润,脑细胞核固缩等病变。研究结果表明,该H5N6亚型AIV毒株对鸭和小鼠具有很强的致病力,IVPI大于1.2,为高致病性AIV,本研究为H5N6亚型AIV研究和防控提供了理论基础。     

利用POD同工酶分析紫花苜蓿亲本及杂种后代遗传变异

为明确云南红壤区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)亲本及其杂种后代的遗传变异,采用了不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对分别以‘德钦’苜蓿与‘Acrora’为父母亲本的正反杂交组合的亲本、F₁代和F₂代过氧化物同工酶进行分析.结果表明:‘德钦’苜蓿♀与‘Acrora’♂杂交的同工酶谱带有10条,F₂代之间的遗传距离最大为0.60;‘德钦’苜蓿♂与‘Acrora’♀杂交的同工酶谱带有8条,F₂代之间的遗传距离最大为0.50.以‘德钦’苜蓿为母本F₂代之间的变异比以‘德钦’苜蓿为父本F₂代之间的变异大.不同遗传背景对紫花苜蓿后代POD同工酶酶谱特征的影响较大.     

生物炭与化肥配施对紫色土肥力与微生物特征及油菜产量品质的影响

研究不同梯度的生物炭与常规施肥、减量施肥相配合对紫色土肥力与微生物特征及油菜产量品质的影响,为实际生产中制定生物炭与化肥的配施方案提供理论参考。依托西南地区特有的紫色土,采用裂区试验设计,试验处理包括:B₀F₁ (不施生物炭+减量肥)、B₀F₂(不施生物炭+全量肥)、B₁F₁(低量生物炭+减量肥)、B₁F₂(低量生物炭+全量肥)、B₂F₁(高量生物炭+减量肥)、B₂F₂(高量生物炭+全量肥)。结果表明:生物炭改良后的土壤全碳、全氮、全钾、阳离子交换量(CEC)、pH显著高于B₀处理,且F₁各土壤肥力指标水平与F₂相近。生物炭的输入提升了土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数(H)、Simpson 优势度指数(D)、碳源利用丰富度指数(S),促进了根际微生物对糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、聚合物类、酚酸类碳源的利用程度。生物炭有效提高了油菜产量,在F₁水平下,生物炭的施用显著降低籽粒中芥酸、硫苷、亚麻酸的含量,提升了高油酸、油酸、黄籽度水平。冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,对油菜品质指标的重要性排序为:全钾>全碳>全氮>全磷>CEC>pH。其中,全钾、全碳、全氮、全磷对籽粒品质有显著影响(P<0.05)。总之,生物炭与化肥联合施用可显著改善土壤肥力状况,提升土壤微生物活性,促进了微生物对碳源的利用程度。生物炭的施用量以35 t·hm^-2为宜,可有效弥补化肥减量后的养分亏缺,促进油菜增产和籽粒品质的改良。     

吡虫啉亚致死剂量对2种色型豌豆蚜生长发育和种群参数的影响

以不同亚致死剂量的吡虫啉分别处理2种色型豌豆蚜,采用实验种群生命表的方法,测定了不同亚致死剂量的吡虫啉处理2种色型豌豆蚜后其F₀及F₁代生长发育和种群参数的变化。结果表明：经处理的2种色型成蚜后,其平均产蚜量均显著低于同色组对照（P<0.05）,平均寿命表现为LC₂₀处理后均显著短于同色组对照（P<0.05）,而LC₁₀和LC₅处理后平均寿命与对照无显著差异,LC₂₀处理后红、绿色型成蚜的平均产蚜量（16.82和 21.44头）和平均寿命（2.84 d,3.60 d）均达到最小值;LC₂₀处理2种色型成蚜后,F₁代若虫期与同色组对照差异不显著,而成虫寿命显著短于同色组对照（P<0.05）,若蚜存活率均高于LC₁₀处理,LC₅处理后F₁代红、绿色型豌豆蚜平均繁殖力均达到最大值81.95头和72.27头;不同亚致死剂量处理后F₁代2种色型成虫产蚜高峰期也存在差异,绿色型均集中在3～7 d,而红色型产蚜高峰期均晚于绿色型;除LC₂₀处理后F₁代绿色型豌豆蚜净增殖率（R₀）（44.22）,平均世代周期（T）（11.29）与同色组对照差异显著外,2种色型豌豆蚜的其余参数在LC₂₀,LC₁₀和LC₅处理下均与同色组对照差异不显著。表明吡虫啉不同亚致死剂量处理2种色型成蚜后,对其F₀代寿命和繁殖力均起到抑制作用,且红色型较绿色型敏感,但对F₁代影响表现为高浓度较低浓度显著。     

宁夏引黄灌区水肥耦合对苜蓿地土壤分形特征和养分的影响

为了探究不同水肥处理下苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）地土壤颗粒分形特征和养分变化规律,以连续4年进行4个灌水梯度（W₁,W₂,W₃,W₄）和5个施肥梯度（F₁,F₂,F₃,F₄,F₅）的苜蓿地为研究对象,测定不同水肥处理下土壤颗粒组成和养分指标,运用分形理论计算分形维数,结果表明：灌水和施肥量对土壤分形特征和养分含量均影响显著,且水肥交互作用显著。在0~60 cm土层,黏、粉粒含量和分形维数随灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,砂粒含量呈先减后增的趋势;黏、粉粒含量和分形维数随施肥量的增加呈先减后增的趋势,砂粒含量反之;不同灌水和施肥量对土壤养分含量影响不同。当灌溉量为6 000 m³·hm^-2,施肥量为585 kg·hm^-2时,土壤结构较为稳定。土壤颗粒分形维数与黏粒、粉粒和碱解氮含量呈显著正相关,而与砂粒含量呈显著负相关。     

紫云英嫩梢矿质元素成分及作为菜用营养价值的分析

为探明不同紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)品种嫩梢矿质元素含量的差异,分析其菜用营养价值,本研究测定了10个不同紫云英品种的分枝期地上部嫩梢的8种矿质元素含量,同时,结合主成分分析法与系统聚类法筛选了适宜菜用的品种。结果表明紫云英嫩梢中矿质元素含量由高到低为钙(Ca)>磷(P)>镁(Mg)>铁(Fe)>锰(Mn)>锌(Zn)>铜(Cu)>硒(Se);矿质元素含量综合得分排名前3的品种分别为‘湘紫1号’、‘闽紫7号’和‘弋江籽’;将10个紫云英品种聚为四类(A,B,C,D),其中A,B,C类分别以高Ca, Fe及Cu含量为特征,D类为‘湘紫1号’,其矿质元素含量均较高,综合评价最高。因此,紫云英种质间嫩梢矿质元素含量均有不同程度的差异,‘湘紫1号’嫩梢矿质元素含量高,作为菜用综合品质高。     

Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by Southern blot hybridization

A synthetic deoxyribonucleotide probe for virulent Listeria monocytogenes, designated ADO7, was evaluated for its ability to identify restriction fragments of L. monocytogenes with nucleic acid sequences homologous with the beta-hemolysin gene by Southern blot hybridization of clinical and food isolates. The synthetic probe hybridized with three restriction fragments (approximately 1.1, 0.86, and 0.76 kb) of the serotype 1/2A isolates. Southern blot hybridization of the serogroup 4B isolates indicated that the nucleic acid sequences homologous with the beta-hemolysin gene probe were limited to a single restriction fragment of approximately 1 kb.     

灌溉次数和施氮量对甜高粱生产性能及光合特性的影响

为探讨宁夏引黄灌区甜高粱优质高效生产最佳灌溉次数和施氮肥量,试验采用双因素裂区试验设计,研究灌溉次数(W₁:灌溉1次,W₂:灌溉2次,W₃:灌溉3次)和施氮梯度(F₀:不施肥,F₁:300 kg·hm^-2,F₂:450 kg·hm^-2,F₃:600 kg·hm^-2)对甜高粱生产性能、营养价值及光合特性的影响,并利用主成分分析方法(Principal component analysis, PCA)进行综合评价。结果表明：在灌溉次数相同条件下,随着施肥量的增加,甜高粱干草产量呈先增加后降低趋势,且在W₁F₁处理下达到最大值,为27 110.54 kg·hm^-2;W₂F₁处理的甜高粱粗蛋白含量最高,W₁F₀处理的相对饲喂价...     

杜泊羊和巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交后代肉品质分析研究

为了评价杜泊羊与巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交后代的肉品质,以杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊和新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市当地绵羊羔羊为研究对象,采用常规方法测定2种羔羊肌肉组织的理化指标、营养成分含量以及矿物质含量,利用统计学方法比较二者相关指标的差异。结果表明,杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉组织的pH_{45 min}值和熟肉率显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）,剪切力和失水率显著低于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）;杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉中的粗灰分含量显著低于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）;杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉中的铁含量极显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.01）,且铜、锰、镁、钙、锌含量均显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）。综上表明,杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊的肉品质优于当地绵羊羔羊。     

不同紫外辐射时间对2种色型豌豆蚜后代生物学特性的影响

通过研究不同紫外(UV-B)辐射时间对2种色型豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon piusm)后代生物学特性的影响,以期明确其对紫外胁迫的适生性。将2种不同体色的豌豆蚜成蚜经过40 W紫外辐射1,2,4,6,8,10 h后,单头饲养在甘农3号(G3)和甘农5号(G5)紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)上,最终获得各处理F₂代豌豆蚜的发育历期、体重差及相对日均体重增长率等生物学参数。结果表明:短时间辐射下(1,2 h),在G3上红色型豌豆蚜F₂代的生长发育显著加快,但相对日均体质量增长率无显著变化,绿色型则均无显著变化,在G5上2种体色型豌豆蚜F₂代均无显著变化;长时间辐射处理下(10 h),2种色型豌豆蚜的生长发育均显著延缓,在同一苜蓿品种上,绿色型豌豆蚜延缓比例均大于红色型;紫外辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜F₂代的生长发育延缓比例在G5上均大于G3上。紫外辐射对2种色型豌豆蚜生长发育的影响是可遗传的,在G3上,短时间紫外辐射能够促进红色型豌豆蚜的生长发育;在G3和G5上,长时间紫外辐射均能抑制2种体色型豌豆蚜的生长发育,且绿色型比红色型敏感,表明紫外胁迫对豌豆蚜的影响与苜蓿品种存在一定的相关性。     

Isolation of genes encoding bovine IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE chains

Bovine C mu, C gamma, C alpha and C epsilon genes were cloned in an EMBL4 recombinant phage library using rabbit immunoglobulin switch mu (Su) and human C gamma as probes. Restriction mapping and Southern blot analyses of these clones identified one clone which hybridized with rabbit C mu and JH probes. The HG and C mu regions were separated by 6 kb of DNA. One C alpha and one C epsilon gene were found on overlapping clones and were separated by approximately 15 kb of DNA. Southern blot analysis of germline DNA with a bovine C alpha associated probe (S alpha) indicated that the germline contains a single C alpha gene. Similar analyses with a bovine C epsilon probe indicated that the germline contains either one C epsilon gene with allelic restriction polymorphism or two C epsilon genes. Three C gamma genes were cloned and did not overlap with one another. Southern blot analyses of germline DNA with a bovine C gamma probe indicated that the germline contains a total of four C gamma genes. The genes cloned correspond to three of the four genes identified by Southern blot analysis. The orientation of each CH gene was assigned by hybridization with S mu or S gamma probes. The S gamma probe hybridized to DNA immediately adjacent to all three C genes; the S probe hybridized to DNA immediately adjacent to the C mu, C alpha and C epsilon genes. Unexpectedly, the S mu probe also hybridized with a segment of DNA approximately 7 kb downstream of the C mu gene. This may represent a switch region for C gamma.     

Effect of oxytocin on expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA and protein in ovine endometrial tissue in vivo

The induction of endometrial prostaglandin (PG) F₂ synthesis by oxytocin is dependent upon activation of phospholipase (PL) A₂ and mobilization of arachidonic acid. The objective of this study was to determine if oxytocin stimulates PGF₂ synthesis by inducing synthesis of cytosolic PLA₂ (cPLA₂). In Experiment 1, 15 ovariectomized ewes were given progesterone and estradiol to simulate an estrous cycle. Ewes were then given an injection of oxytocin on Day 14 of the simulated estrous cycle. Jugular blood samples were collected and assayed for 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F₂ (PGFM). Uteri were collected at 0, 7.5, 25, 90, or 240 min postinjection (n = 3 ewes/time point). Total RNA was isolated from caruncular endometrium and subjected to dot-blot analysis. Oxytocin induced a rapid and transient increase in serum PGFM (P < 0.01). However, endometrial concentrations of cPLA2 mRNA did not change following oxytocin administration (P > 0.10). In Experiment 2, 11 ovary-intact ewes were given oxytocin (n = 5) or saline (n = 6) on Day 15 after estrus. Jugular blood samples were collected and assayed for serum concentrations of PGFM. Uteri were collected at 15 min postinjection. Homogenates were prepared from caruncular endometrium and subjected to Western blot analysis. Concentrations of PGFM were higher in oxytocin treated ewes compared to saline treated ewes at 15 min postinjection (P < 0.01). Endometrial concentrations of cPLA₂ protein were greater in the cytosolic than in the microsomal fraction (P < 0.01). Oxytocin did not affect the amount of cPLA₂ protein in either fraction (P > 0.10). In conclusion, oxytocin did not effect expression of either cPLA₂ mRNA or protein in ovine endometrium. Oxytocin may stimulate PGF₂ synthesis by activating cPLA₂ protein that is already present in an inactive form.     

中间偃麦草、长穗偃麦草及其杂种F1代同工酶研究

通过对过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)同工酶谱的分析,探讨中间偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata(Host)Nevski)、长穗偃麦草(E.intermedia(Host)Nevski)及其杂种F₁代的酶谱特征和亲缘关系。结果表明:亲本同工酶酶带数目、迁移率、着色程度等差异不大,二者亲缘关系较近。与亲本相比,杂种F₁代存在POD、SOD、PPO酶带丢失现象,但正、反交植株中均产生了一些亲本没有的新生带。杂种F₁代EST酶谱与亲本基本相同,仅着色程度略有差异。杂种F₁代植株的POD、PPO酶谱特征有偏向中间偃麦草的倾向,而SOD酶谱特征倾向于长穗偃麦草。杂种F₁代同工酶具有多态性,可作为遗传标记用于杂种鉴定和后代株系目标性状的选择。     

假俭草杂种F1抗寒性遗传分析

本研究选用抗寒性存在差异的假俭草品种E142和E022为亲本配制杂交组合,获得了杂种F₁群体;利用电解质渗透法对F₁群体及其亲本进行抗寒性鉴定,利用植物主基因+多基因遗传分离分析方法分析假俭草抗寒性遗传特征。结果表明,1) 杂种F₁群体不同单株间的抗寒变异较大,变异范围为－9.63～－1.45℃,变异系数为-29.27%。2)F₁群体的抗寒性呈连续的混合正态分布,符合植物主基因+多基因遗传模型。3)假俭草的抗寒性状最适遗传模型为B-1,即抗寒性状受2对主基因加性－显性－上位性控制,主基因的遗传率为91.28%。本研究明确了假俭草抗寒性状的遗传规律,为假俭草抗寒育种提供了科学依据,也为假俭草抗寒育种创造了材料。