液体射流泵内部三维流场的数值模拟

应用FLUENT6．1软件对液体射流泵三维流场进行了计算分析。在前处理软件GAMBIT2．1．6中将泵内研究的流场划分为71153个计算单元。计算中采用可实现κ-ε双方程模型，边界条件为压力进口、压力出口．同时采用Segregated算法。计算结果表明，液体射流泵内部流动分布均匀，未出现涡流和回流的现象。     

喷管结构对环形射流泵流场的影响

为探究喷管结构对环形射流泵流场的影响，对喷管直角转弯与弧形转弯两种条件下的环形射流泵进行了数值模拟研究，对环形喷嘴出口直段开展计算分析。结果表明：喷管直角转弯时流场在喷嘴、喉管和扩散管环周分布不均，喷管弧形转弯时环形喷嘴形成均匀射流，有利于工作液与被吸液的均匀、对称混合及传能，各流量比工况下压力比及效率均有所提升。环形喷嘴出口设置（0.5～1）倍出口宽度的直段可改善环形射流泵的性能，在中低流量比时效率最高可提升1%；同时，直段有助于平稳喷嘴出口的压力，减小喉管入口附近回流区的范围和压降的幅度。研究成果可为环形射流泵全域流场分析、喷管结构设计提供依据和支撑。     

多喷嘴液体射流泵的设计及试验研

为研究多喷嘴射流泵设计方法及结构参数对泵性能影响,提出了基于经验系数多喷嘴射流泵的设计方法,并设计了不同喷嘴参数的射流泵。采用试验方法对射流泵进行了特性测试,结果表明,喉管内部速度梯度较大,说明工作流体与被吸流体混合较快,验证了多喷嘴射流泵能够缩短喉管长度。采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,对4喷嘴射流泵的内部流场进行了测量,得到射流泵内部流场的速度和湍动能分布,结果表明喉嘴至喉管入口段径向速度梯度较小,轴向速度梯度较大。试验结果为多喷嘴的理论计算和合理设计提供了可靠的依据。     

多喷嘴液体射流泵的设计及试验研究

为研究多喷嘴射流泵设计方法及结构参数对泵性能影响,提出了基于经验系数多喷嘴射流泵的设计方法,并设计了不同喷嘴参数的射流泵.采用试验方法对射流泵进行了特性测试,结果表明,喉管内部速度梯度较大.说明工作流体与被吸流体混合较快,验证了多喷嘴射流泵能够缩短喉管长度.采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,对4喷嘴射流泵的内部流场进行了测量,得到射流泵内部流场的速度和湍动能分布,结果表明喉嘴至喉管入口段径向速度梯度较小,轴向速度梯度较大.试验结果为多喷嘴的理论计算和合理设计提供了可靠的依据.     

一种新型射流式自吸泵进口流场的数值模拟

介绍了一种新型射流式自吸泵的结构与特点.对于泵的进口射流流场,首先建立流体运动方程作为控制方程,应用k-ε湍流模型来封闭运动方程,进而采用贴体坐标变换技术,利用Fluent软件对该复杂流场进行求解.得到了进口流场内部的流动情况,以及流线、压力和速度的分布,为射流式自吸泵的理论研究和优化设计提供了依据.计算结果与现有理论、试验结果吻合较好,精度满足工程实际要求,可进一步改进自吸泵的性能.     

喉管长度对环形射流泵性能影响的数值模拟

基于有限体积法和Realizablek-ε紊流模型,应用Fluent软件对环形射流泵内部流场进行数值模拟,并对计算的可靠性进行验证.由射流泵内部流场可以看出,环形射流泵射流的扩展混合在喉管和扩散管中均存在.针对不同喉管长度下环形射流泵内部射流扩展和壁面压力分布情况,模拟分析了不同喉管长度对环形射流泵性能和效率的影响.结果表明,喉管长度对喉管内射流扩展、环形射流泵性能和效率均有一定影响.喉管越长,射流扩展混合程度越好,但过长的喉管会带来较大的摩阻损失.根据效率最高原则,环形射流泵喉管长度Lt应符合Lt/Dt=2.17-2.89,其中当喉管长度为喉管直径2.69倍时效率最高,可达到35.6%.     

蒙特卡罗法模拟射流泵内部流场的

主要介绍了如何建立二维抛物型齐次偏微分方程的一般形式的随机模型，用蒙特卡罗法对此射流泵的内部流动进行了数值计算，并和前人对射流泵的实验结果进行了比较，从计算的结果来看与实测值是基本吻合的，从而在用其它计算方法模拟的基础上，增加了一个崭新的方法来模拟射流泵的内部流场。     

新型自吸离心泵数值模拟及试验研究

应用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对带导流器的射流式自吸离心泵内部流场进行了定常数值模拟,对泵内部流场的速度矢量、静压、总压分布及流动规律进行分析,预测了泵的效率,并与试验结果比较.数值模拟结果表明：带导流器的射流式自吸离心泵的内部流场速度矢量分布趋于平稳,新型导流器的两个出口压力分布均匀,各流道内的压力近似对称分布,泵在设计点数值模拟计算扬程比试验扬程提高6.9%,数值模拟计算效率比试验效率提高0.5%,数值模拟预测的性能曲线与试验性能曲线趋势一致.试验结果表明：带导流器的射流式自吸离心泵的性能曲线稳定、平坦,高效率区范围宽,各项技术指标满足设计要求,该泵的效率比国外同类型相同参数泵的效率提高了16.34%,同时泵体采用铝合金压铸,大幅度减轻了泵的重量,降低了泵的成本,设计合理,结构新颖,体积小,重量轻,运行可靠,操作方便.     

多喷嘴射流泵流场的数值模拟与PIV测量

为研究多喷嘴射流泵性能和内部流场特征,设计了不同结构的多喷嘴射流泵试验模型.采用k-ε湍流模型和壁面函数法对不同参数下的多喷嘴射流泵进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明,喷嘴数和喷嘴角度及喉嘴距对射流泵工作性能影响较大;在吸入室及喉管入口处湍动能较大.利用PIV系统对不同结构射流泵内部流场进行了三维测量,获得了射流泵对称面流场的速度矢量和湍动能等值线图.试验结果表明,其速度梯度衰减得愈快,工作流体和被吸流体混合距离越短.验证了多喷嘴射流泵可缩短喉管长度.测量结果证明数值模拟的正确性,为多喷嘴射流泵理论研究和合理设计提供了理论依据.     

基于大涡模拟的射流自吸式离心泵非定常流动分析

为了研究射流自吸式离心泵的非定常流动特性,选取内置射流喷嘴的自吸式离心泵作为研究对象,在定常数值计算的基础上采用大涡模拟技术对其进行了非定常数值求解,获得了全流场的流动信息,以第4圈收敛后的流场为例,分析了1个周期内不同时刻下的流场变化规律,并监测射流器内监测点的压力脉动,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)分析了监测点的频域特性.结果表明:在1个旋转周期内低压区始终位于射流器直线段,高压区位于泵腔内;靠近叶轮进口位置监测点的压力脉动值要小于靠近喷嘴附近的值;设计工况下,各个监测点的压力脉动最强频率在290.06 Hz附近,监测点的数值模拟主频与理论计算所得的转频与叶频略有偏差,压力脉动集中在fn~3f_n区间的低频区域.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。