5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂防治甘蔗螟虫田间药效试验

5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂对甘蔗螟虫具有良好的防治效果。3～4月份结合甘蔗松、培土,每公顷施5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂45、60、75kg,对蔗螟的防效在80%左右,可作为甘蔗螟虫防治中的轮换用药。田间使用每公顷以45～60kg(有效成分2.25～3kg)为宜。     

阿米西达应用于人参病害防治的试验报告

25%阿米西达悬浮剂具有保护、治疗和根治的仿生杀菌剂,对人参(西洋参)灰霉病、疫病、黑斑病等病害防治有显著效果,防治效果分别达到75%、87%、84%,是值得推广的一种新型生物药剂。     

2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲的防治效果

黄曲条跳甲是目前十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,由于其为害特点,目前常用的喷雾法防治效果不佳,且容易导致杀虫剂残留超标。为了筛选对黄曲条跳甲有效的药剂和防治方法,本研究以芥菜为供试蔬菜,通过土壤处理试验,评价了2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲的田间防效和产量的影响。结果表明,2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲具有较强的防治效果。在供试剂量为2 kg/667 m ²时,处理后14、21、28 d的防治效果分别为76.67%、72.00%、70.64%,优于对照药剂1%联苯菊酯·噻虫胺颗粒剂。同时,该药剂对芥菜还具有一定的促生作用,与空白处理相比,2 kg/667 m ²的处理剂量下对芥菜的增产率为58.80%,在采收期芥菜残留分析结果显示,芥菜、土壤中噻虫胺与氟氯氰菊酯残留量均小于0.5 mg/kg,满足《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB 2763-2016）中对这2种杀虫剂的残留量的要求。由此可见,施用2%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂采用根施法防治黄曲条跳甲的方法是安全有效的;而且,本研究中的根施法为一次性施药,与常规喷雾方法比较,大大降低了药剂用量和施药人力成本。     

5种杀虫剂对甘蔗害虫的田间防治效果

为筛选防治甘蔗螟虫、白蚁的有效药剂,分别在不同蔗区,选择不同甘蔗品种及不同栽培制度进行田间药效筛选试验.结果表明,3月中旬结合甘蔗下种或施苗肥一起施用,5％异丙特丁硫磷GR 75 kg/hm2和3.6％杀虫双GR 90 kg/hm2对甘蔗螟虫、白蚁有较好的防治效果,5％二嗪磷GR 75 kg/hm2和8％毒·辛GR 75 kg/hm2对甘蔗白蚁有较好的防治效果,防效均达70％以上,且对甘蔗安全.在甘蔗螟虫、白蚁的防治中,可结合生产实际选择施用,剂量以75～90 kg/hm2为宜.     

1%苏云金杆菌·噻虫胺颗粒剂防治甘蔗害虫田间药效试验

在田间栽培条件下,采用不同农药处理甘蔗,以无农药处理为对照,以此研究不同农药处理对甘蔗枯心率、蚜虫为害株率、螟虫蛀率、有效苗数、株高、茎径、每公顷的有效茎数、产量及产糖量的影响。结果表明:经农药处理的甘蔗枯心率、螟虫蛀茎率均显著低于对照。每公顷的有效茎数、产量及亩蔗茎含糖量在农药处理下均高于对照,以1%苏云金杆菌·噻虫胺颗粒剂处理表现较好,分别比对照大390条/亩、1.79吨/亩、0.267吨/亩;组合药剂(3.6%杀虫双颗粒剂+70%噻虫嗪)产量比对照大1.59吨/亩。综合分析得出,施用1%苏云金杆菌·噻虫胺颗粒剂对甘蔗螟虫、绵蚜虫具有良好的防治效果,在甘蔗种植中具有良好的推广应用价值。     

微量元素肥料对亚麻细菌性病害的控制效果

研究结果表明,硼砂330倍＋硫酸锌330倍＋农用链霉素3000倍、硼砂330倍＋农用链霉素3000倍、硫酸锌330倍＋农用链霉素3000倍对亚麻细菌性病害防治效果较好,硼砂、硫酸锌对亚麻细菌性病害的防治有控制的效果。“微肥＋药剂”防治的经济性状较好。能提高优质原茎所占比例,提高亚麻原茎和麻籽产量,提高亚麻的综合经济效益。     

湖北特菜白花菜的病虫害调查与防治

[目的]明确白花菜病虫害和防治方式,为湖北白花菜安全种植提供技术支持。[方法]调查湖北孝感安陆种植白花菜全生育期的病虫害,并进行相应药剂防治。[结果]发现常见的病虫害为白粉病、黄曲跳甲、菜青虫、小地老虎和菜蚜虫,采用相应的防治策略,防治效果良好。[结论]白花菜病虫害侵袭较少,主要为白粉病、黄曲跳甲、菜青虫、小地老虎和菜蚜虫等,采用适当的防治策略完全可控。     

甘蔗害虫防治药剂筛选试验探索

进行了3种杀虫剂及不同施用时期、不同用量防治甘蔗害虫的试验,结果显示,在甘蔗大培土时,40%福戈600g/hm~2对甘蔗螟虫的防治效果最好,可作为甘蔗螟虫防治用药进行示范和推广;2%吡虫啉颗粒剂30~45kg/hm~2对甘蔗叶部害虫的防治效果最好,可作为甘蔗叶部害虫防治用药进行示范和推广;所有参试农药对枯心苗和金龟子具有一定的防治作用,对蛀茎和蛀蔸螟虫防治效果不明显。     

福戈水分散粒剂防治甘蔗害虫多点试验

多点试验结果表明,在甘蔗大培土时667m2用40%福戈水分散粒剂40g与肥料混合1次施于蔗根,可有效防治甘蔗蚜虫、蓟马、螟虫、金龟子等主要甘蔗害虫。与对照(呋喃丹)相比,对金龟子、黄螟蛀根、螟虫蛀茎、螟虫蛀节、蓟马和蚜虫的防治效果,分别达到了36.1%、75.0%、63.8%、78.8%、96.1%和100%。     

异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂防治甘蔗害虫

甘蔗根施5%异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂对甘蔗螟虫和甘蔗蓟马均有较好的防治效果。相同剂量下,对甘蔗螟虫防治效果与对照农药5%特丁硫磷颗粒剂相当,对甘蔗蓟马防治效果优于对照农药5%特丁硫磷颗粒剂。可作为甘蔗害虫防治中的替代农药,使用剂量以60～75kg/hm2为宜。     

Controlling potato late blight with systemic-protectant fungicide combinations of metalaxyl and mancozeb

Disease development was monitored weekly in field plots inoculated withPhytophthora infestans and treated with metalaxyl, mancozeb or metalaxyl/ mancozeb combinations. Late blight pressure was moderate to severe in 1981 and 1983 and was slight to moderate in 1982 and 1984. In 1982–84 all treated plots had significantly less foliar damage and late blight tuber rot than untreated plots. Use of metalaxyl alone resulted in the greatest increase in disease (up to 80% defoliation) in the latter part of the growing season. Under slight to moderate disease pressure, metalaxyl/mancozeb and mancozeb treatments provided significantly better disease control than metalaxyl. Under moderate to severe disease pressure, high levels of disease (65% defoliation) occurred by the end of the season with mancozeb and metalzxyl/mancozeb on 7- and 14-day spray schedules, respectively. However, significantly better control (about 20% defoliation) was obtained during early season, rapidly developing epidemic conditions when only three applications of metalaxyl/mancozeb were included in a 7-day mancozeb spray program.     

Persistence of metalaxyl and mancozeb on potato leaves and their residues in tubers

The persistence of fungicides on two commercial cultivars of potato was determined under field conditions at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. Initial deposits of mancozeb on potato leaves were found to be 26.9 and 38.7 mg kg(-1), following application of ready mixture of fungicide metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% (Ridomil MZ) at the rate of 1260 and 2520 g a.i. ha(-1), whereas metalaxyl residues were found to be 35.1 and 49.5 mg kg(-1), respectively. The residue level of mancozeb in potato leaves 15 days after application at single and double doze were 19.0 and 27.0 mg kg(-1) showing a loss of 29.6 and 30.3%, whereas the values for metalaxyl at single and double doze were 0.40 and 0.80 mg kg(-1) showing a loss of 98.9 and 98.4%, respectively. Residues of mancozeb and metalaxyl were not detected at 0.04 and 0.02 mg kg(-1) level in potato tubers at harvest (PHI = 53 days) at both the dosages, respectively. The persistence and dissipation of mancozeb with the application of Ridomil MZ followed similar trend as in Indofil M-45. The rate of fungicide dissipation increased with time after application in both the potato cultivars 'Kufri Chandramukhi' and 'Chipsona'. No significant difference was observed on initial deposit, persistence and dissipation of the two molecules between the two potato cultivars.     

张掖市菜用型马铃薯品种费乌瑞它高效栽培技术

经多年引种试验示范,早熟菜用型马铃薯品种费乌瑞它在张掖市城郊蔬菜区地膜覆盖种植,每公顷平均产量为37.5 t,最高产量可达67.5 t,每公顷产值为30 000～75 000元。在种植模式上,采用地膜马铃薯套种玉米或大小拱棚复种秋菜等,每公顷产值为45 000～150 000元,提高土地利用率和增加复种指数,取得了良好的经济效益。总结高效栽培技术的主要环节包括:选地整地、种薯处理、施足基肥、根外追肥、适期早播、合理密植、高垄栽培、浅灌勤灌、及时防治病虫害、防止晚霜冻害及适时收获等。     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中的重要病害,是影响马铃薯产量和品质的重要因素之一,在云南春作马铃薯上普遍发生,且危害较重,给当地马铃薯产业带来了巨大的经济损失。为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,试验研究了11种药剂7种药剂组合(包衣剂+保护剂+治疗剂)通过播种期种薯包衣,现蕾期叶面喷施一次保护剂,发病初期和发病中期叶面各喷一次治疗剂的方法防治马铃薯晚疫病。结果表明,药剂组合种薯包衣+甲霜·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威的防治效果最好,防治效果达到60.99%,增产率176.28%,增效率152.27%;其次是种薯包衣+霜脲·锰锌+氟吡菌胺·霜霉威组合,防治效果达到60.15%,增产率173.20%,增效率150.55%。这2个药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病均有极显著的防治效果,增产增效明显。     

Fungicidal control of metalaxyl-insensitive strains of Bremia lactucae on lettuce

Strains of B. lactucae insensitive to 0.01 g a.i. l⁻¹ metalaxyl have been detected in all the lettuce-growing districts of South Australia. Despite this, applications of a formulated mixture of 0.25 g a.i. l⁻¹ metalaxyl and 2 g a.i. l⁻¹ mancozeb every 7–10 days controlled downy mildew in field experiments, where similar applications of either metalaxyl or mancozeb alone were ineffective. Protectant schedules of either 0.3 g a.i. l⁻¹ dimethomorph or 2–2.4 g a.i. l⁻¹ phosphonic acid also controlled downy mildew, but were less effective than the metalaxyl/mancozeb formulation. Mixtures of either dimethomorph or phosphonic acid with mancozeb enabled the time between the sprays to be increased to 14 days without significantly reducing control. Fungicide applications increased marketable yield by 60% compared with that of the unsprayed plants. Drenching seedlings with 4 g a.i. l⁻¹ phosphonic acid controlled downy mildew for at least 14 days and should prevent the spread of the disease from plant production areas.     

Potato fungicides interfere with entomopathogenic fungi impacting population dynamics of green peach aphid

Fungicides applied to potato can enhance green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulzer), outbreaks by interference with entomopathogenic fungi. (Order Entomophthorales). Late season aphid numbers were highest in potatoes sprayed with metalaxyl + mancozeb, captafol, or mancozeb, and lowest in potatoes sprayed with benomyl, triphenyltin hydroxide, chlorothalonil, or copper hydroxide. In field-collected aphids,Pandora (= Ernyia) neoaphidis (Remaudière et Hennebert) andEntomophthora planchoniana Cornu (F. Entomophthtoraceae) were the predominant cause of mycoses, 66.7% and 22.3%, respectively.Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall and Dunn) Remaudièe and Keller (F. Ancylistaceae) accounted for 8.5% of mycoses. In the laboratory, fungicides were shown to have direct effects on these entomopathogens. Metalaxyl + mancozeb, mancozeb and captafol were strongly inhibitory of germination of conidia, copper hydroxide was intermediate, and chlorothalonil had little effect. Triphenyltin hydroxide, benomyl, metalaxyl + mancozeb, and mancozeb were strongly inhibitory of growth of mycelia, copper hydroxide was intermediate, and chlorothalonil and copper hydroxide had least effect. Benomyl was highly toxic to green peach aphid, copper hydroxide and chlorothalonil intermediate, and captafol, mancozeb, and metalaxyl + mancozeb least toxic. Possible interference of potato fungicides with aphid pathogens is now an important consideration because of the intensity of spraying required to protect the crop from infection by metalaxyl-resistant strains of the late blight pathogen,Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Minnesota potato growers reported high green peach pressure in both 1995 and 1996, years of intensive fungicide spraying. Concomitantly, there was a marked increased in the incidence of PLRV in seed lots entered for winter testing.     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

选择75%百菌清可湿性粉剂(WP)、36%甲霜灵锰锌悬浮剂(SC)、70%恶霉灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、6%春雷霉素可湿性粉剂(WP)、22.5%抑霉唑乳油(EC)6种杀菌剂对3种马铃薯枯萎病病原菌进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:6种药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果差异很大,50%甲基硫菌灵(WP)和22.5%抑霉唑(EC)对3种病原菌的抑菌效果均很好,EC50分别为1.69、5.59、5.03μg/mL和3.60、5.17、1.58μg/mL。     

不同密度下玉米倒伏相关性状与产量的研究

研究分析7.5万株/hm2和9.0万株/hm2密度下14个杂交组合茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和穗位系数的变化与倒伏的关系,并利用逐步回归和通径分析,解析其对产量的影响作用。结果表明,茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度、穗位系数、倒伏率、密度与产量密切相关。随着密度的提高,穗位系数和倒伏率分别增加2.4%、88.51%,茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和产量分别降低4.4%、22.26%、4.6%。过高的密度影响各性状间的相关程度发生变化,尤其是高密度下与产量密切相关的茎秆压折强度、倒伏率,其相关性表现得更显著。通过对产量作用因子进行分解,发现高密度下对产量的影响作用倒伏率穿刺强度压折强度,其作用系数分别为-0.670、0.224、0.171,最终遴选出耐密性优异的高产组合ZD181和ZD179。     

德甜羊奶果选育

德甜羊奶果是云南省德宏州特有的珍稀水果。该品种于2010年3月30日由云南省园艺植物新品种注册登记办公室组织专家组进行现场鉴定,5月15日登记注册,证书号：云林园植新登第20100006号。该水果营养丰富,鲜果富含维生素C,糖酸比为32.73∶1,是原生种的6.88倍,天然氨基酸含量1.20%,是原生种的1.58倍,且含有镁、钙、铁、硼等9种微量元素。该品种易栽易管病虫害少,丰产早熟经济效益好。种植第二年开始挂果,第四年进入盛果期,盛果期每公顷产鲜果29 040 kg,按批发价10元/kg,六成商品率计算