大蒜花梗组织培养再生植株

取生殖期大蒜花梗,在N_6+2,4-D 2mg/L+KT 1mg/L培养基上暗培养30天后,得到微黄色愈伤组织。将愈伤组织转到N_6+2,4-D 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L培养基上继代二次,然后于N_6+BA 5mg/L+KT 1mg/L+IAA 0.01mg/L,MS(1/2大量元素)+BA 5mg/L+KT 1mg/L+IAA 0.01mg/L和MS+BA 5mg/L+KT 1mg+IAA 0.01mg/L培养基上光照培养。3周后愈伤组织上出现绿色丛生芽,将小芽转到MS(1/2大量元素)+NAA 0.01mg/L培养基上,一周后发生白色根并形成完整植株。2,4-D和KT对大蒜花梗愈伤组织发生是必要的,高浓度的细胞分裂素和低浓度的生长素有利于芽分化,高浓度NH_4~+有利于根分化,低浓度NH_4~+有利于芽分化。愈伤组织低温处理对芽的分化是必要的。另外,对花梗愈伤组织发生进行了细胞学观察。     

激素和低温预处理对胡麻花药愈伤组织诱导的影响

本文以胡麻杂交组合IS×95005的F_1为材料,研究了激素和低温预处理对花药愈伤组织诱导的影 响.研究结果表明,不同培养基不仅对花药愈伤组织的诱导率有影响,而且对愈伤组织的颜色、生长速率和质地也有较大的影响.KT+2,4-D激素组合对花药愈伤组织的诱导效果优于KT+NAA.接种前花蕾4℃低温预处理能显著提高化药愈伤诱导率.在相同培养基中,低温预处理大数对愈伤诱导率起主要作用.综合考虑愈伤组织的质量和诱导率,胡麻组合1S×95005的F_1代花药愈伤诱导率存低温预处理5 d,附加KT 1.0 mg/L+2,4-D2.0 mg/L的MS固体培养基上诱导效果最好.     

安祖花愈伤组织再生体系的建立及染色体检变

试验以安祖花幼嫩叶片和无菌苗叶柄为外植体,通过愈伤组织诱导途径,建立快速高效的安祖花再生体系。结果表明：最适宜的诱导叶片和叶柄愈伤组织的培养基分别为1/2MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L 2,4-D和1/2MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D;诱导出愈伤组织在1/2MS+2.0 mg/L KT+0.1 mg/L NAA培养基上能很好的分化不定芽苗;1/2MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA培养基可对再生芽实现增殖与复壮;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05 mg/L NAA。试验通过观察安祖花继代过程中愈伤组织细胞染色体变异的情况,发现随着继代次数的增多染色体变异细胞的频率也随之上升,并且染色体变异多为非整倍体变异。     

培养基及植物激素对烟草原生质体再生植株的影响

本文研究了不同基本培养基、培养方法及培养基中不同激素浓度配比对烟草叶肉细胞细胞原生质体再生植株的影响.结果表明,利用MS基本培养基进行琼脂糖固体平板培养,对烟草叶肉原生质体的发育速度、分裂频率及愈伤组织形成效果最佳;培养基(1/2 MS NAA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 1.0mg/L 6-BA0.5 mg/L 1.2%LMA) (1/2MS 2,4-D2.5mg/L KT0.5mg/L)的培养效果最好,再生细胞团的数目及愈伤组织最多;用1/2 MS IAA 2.0 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L和1/2 MS IAA0.5 mg/L KT 2 mg/L两种培养基对愈伤组织诱导分化时出芽率高;在再生芽诱导生根时直接用不含任何激素的MS基本培养基效果最理想.     

章丘大葱子叶再生体系建立及再生株倍性鉴定

以章丘大葱子叶为材料,研究了不同激素配比对愈伤组织诱导和继代、芽分化、芽点的伸长及根诱导的影响,并对获得的再生植株进行了鉴定。结果表明,诱导章丘大葱子叶产生愈伤组织、愈伤组织的继代培养、愈伤组织芽分化、芽点的伸长及诱导生根的最佳培养基及激素配比分别为：MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L、MS＋2,4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L、MS+2,4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L、MS+KT 0.5mg/L和MS基本培养基;试管苗经驯化移栽后,共有22株成活,成活率为92%,对成活的再生植株进行形态学、叶片气孔及根尖染色体鉴定表明,共有3株发生变异,其中2株为外部形态上的变异,而另一株为染色体的加倍变异。     

不同外植体及植物激素对油茶愈伤组织诱导的影响

为了给油茶快速繁殖和生物技术育种提供技术参考,以油茶无菌苗的叶片、茎尖、茎段为材料,研究了外植体及植物激素对愈伤组织的影响。2,4-D与KT的组合更适合于愈伤组织的诱导,叶片、茎段诱导愈伤组织的最佳组合为MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L,茎尖诱导愈伤组织最佳培养基：MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+KT 2.0 mg/L;在选择的3种外植体中,叶片最容易诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达到100%。从不同外植体的最高诱导率及对植物激素的需用量来看,3种外植体诱导的难易程度从高到低为：叶片>茎段>茎尖。所以在进行愈伤组织诱导时,应优先选择叶片作为外植体。     

总状绿绒蒿组织培养再生体系的建立

本研究以总状绿绒蒿(Meconopsis racemosa)的种子、无菌苗的根及生长点为材料,以2,4-D、NAA、6-BA设置不同的激素配比,以建立其组织培养快繁体系。结果显示,用0.1%升汞溶液为消毒剂,5.5 min为最佳的消毒时间,此时的种子发芽率为56.7%;愈伤组织诱导培养：以种子为外植体诱导愈伤,MS+0.6 mg/L 2,4-D为最佳的培养基。以无菌苗的根为外植体诱导愈伤,进行暗培养,MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA为最佳的诱导培养基。以无菌苗的生长点为外植体诱导愈伤,并进行光培养,MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA为最佳的诱导培养基;愈伤增殖培养：由种子诱导愈伤的最佳增殖培养基为MS+0.6 mg/L 2,4-D。MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA是无菌苗的根诱导愈伤的最佳增殖培养基。MS和MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA为生长点诱导愈伤的最佳增殖培养基;生根培养：由种子、生长点诱导并增殖愈伤的最佳生根培养基为MS。本研究为总状绿绒蒿的快速繁殖和分子育种提供了基...     

紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导和分化研究

以紫花苜蓿SANDITI无菌苗下胚轴、茎、叶3种不同外植体,在附加不同激素浓度的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织。结果表明,SANDIT最佳外植体为下胚轴,最佳下胚轴愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L。15 d继代1次,或适当降低2,4-D浓度,提高6-BA或KT浓度,可以降低愈伤组织褐化率。愈伤组织在6-BA0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.1 mg/L,GA31.0 mg/L,YE 250 mg/L,CH 250 mg/L的MS培养基上,可获得较高的分化率。     

2,4-D、KT对棉花愈伤组织的诱导和体细胞胚胎发生的影响

诱导棉花下胚轴切段形成愈伤组织需要外源2,4-D,加入激动素(KT)可以增进2,4-D的效果.愈伤组织形成胚性细胞和胚性细胞团的过程需要2,4-D和KT的共同作用.KT可以促进胚性细胞团分化出胚状体,加入2,4-D则会降低KT的效果.采用2,4-D(0.05mg/L)+KT(0.1mg/L)诱导愈伤组织,60天后转移到无激素的液体培养基上振荡培养,得到了大量的胚状体.     

大叶黄杨幼茎愈伤组织诱导的研究初报

以大叶黄杨的幼茎段为外植体,在添加BA和NAA、IBA、2,4-D不同激素组合的MS培养基上培养,对其愈伤组织进行诱导试验。结果表明：①生长素对愈伤组织诱导的效应为2,4-D >NAA>IBA;②在不同激素组合培养基上均可诱导出愈伤组织,其中MS+BA1.0~2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0~1.5 mg/L、MS+BA1.5~2.0 mg/L+IBA1.0~1.5 mg/L、MS+BA0.5~1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.5~1.5 mg/L等对愈伤组织的诱导效果最好,其诱导率分别为74.3%、65.3%、81.1%。因此,通过科学配制不同激素组合的MS培养基,就能有效地诱导出大叶黄杨幼茎的愈伤组织。     

RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species

RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

5个新育成粳型光温敏核不育系开花及异交性能的研究

以5个新育成的粳型光温敏核不育系为材料,对其开花习性及异交性能进行了研究。结果表明：Y27S的单穗和单株开花历期最短,118S和对照N5088S相近,B30S、116S、117S相对较长。Y27S、116S、118S、117S单穗日开花动态与恢复系41678接近,B30S落后于41678,对照N5088S早于41678。Y27S、B30S和对照N5088S与恢复系41678的花时分布动态较接近;116S虽花时分散,但开花较早,午前花率较高;117S花时集中但开花较晚,118S花时分散且高峰偏迟。张颖时间以116S和118S最长,117S最短。柱头外露率以118S最高,116S最低;118S、B30S和117S柱头外露率都在60%以上。Y27S柱头活力保持时间最长,对照N5088S柱头活力下降最慢。参试不育系包颈率都较高,而闭颖率相对较低。     

PEG胁迫对六倍体小黑麦幼苗SOD POD活性及MDA含量的影响

为了解水分胁迫对小黑麦叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响,以10个抗旱性不同的六倍体小黑麦为材料,用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究了不同抗旱性小黑麦品种SOD,POD活性及MDA含量对水分胁迫的反应。结果表明,各品种SOD,POD活性及MDA含量均显著高于对照,但是不同品种增加幅度明显不同。其中, SOD活性胁迫系数依次为S4＞S2＞S7＞S8＞S6＞S9＞S10＞S1＞S5＞S3, 最大是品种S4（Prego）为7.48; POD活性胁迫系数依次为S2＞S9＞S6＞S4＞S8＞S7＞S5＞S10＞S1＞S3,最大是S2（Fidelio）为3.19;而MDA含量胁迫系数依次为S3＞S10＞S1＞S5＞S8＞S2＞S7＞S6＞S9＞S4,最大是S3（Tewo）为4.71, 推断在所有品种中,Prego的抗旱性最强,而Tewo抗旱性则较弱。     

Chloroplast DNA diversity in brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and related species

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) samples of brinjal eggplant (S. melongena) and representative related species including S. incanum sensu lato (or S. campylacanthum sensu stricto), S. lichtensteinii, S. marginatum, S. macrocarpon, S. anguivi and S. aethiopicum and also S. nigrum as an outgroup taxon, were digested by 14 restriction enzymes and analyzed by using electrophoresis and a cpDNA probe. All the species used here were clearly separated in the cpDNA analysis, except the pair S. anguivi and S. aethiopicum. From the dendrogram constructed by the unweighted pair-group method, it is suggested that S. incanum is the closest to S. melongena and the next closest species is S. macrocarpon followed by S. aethiopicum (and S. anguivi), S. lichtensteinii, S. marginatum and finally the outgroup taxon S. nigrum. The tree derived by the neighbour-joining method suggests phyletic relationships that agree with those indicated by crossability and seed coat anatomy, but conflict with conventional classifications based on morphology. In particular, members of sections Oliganthes and Melongena are not separated and no cpDNA variation was found within either of the morphologically diverse cultigens, S. aethiopicum and S. melongena. Paradoxically, the morphologically similar species S. incanum, S. lichtensteinii and S. marginatum have diverged greatly in their cpDNA. The significance of these results is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Selection of vigorous and fertile S-homo- and heterozygous tester clones from self-incompatible diploid potato, Solanum tuberosum L.

For the selection of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes that are useful for the molecular and genetic analysis of the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility, three different types of basic populations were investigated. These populations were derived from three primary dihaploid clones, G609, G254 and B16, which possessed the S-allele combinations S1S2, S1S3 and S3S4 respectively. In order to select highly vigorous, profusely flowering, fertile and tuberising progenies, three types of populations, derived from the above mentioned diploid genotypes, were screened for performance and classified for the expression of self-incompatibility. Although the selection for well defined S-genotypes was sometimes complicated due to the occurrence of pseudo-compatibility and of a self-compatibilising factor, the use of a combination of criteria, viz., Iso Electric Focusing (IEF), pollen tube growth in the styles and the extent of berry and seed set made the selection of sufficient representatives of all six types of S-heterozygotes (S1S2, S1S3, S1S4, S2S3, S2S4 and S3S4) possible. After evaluating the strength of the self-incompatibility reaction in these heterozygotes, those with high expression were selfed, and intercrossed within their S-allele incompatibility group through the method of counterfeit pollination. In these progenies, well-performing S-homozygotes (S1S1; S2S2; S3S3; S4S4) for all four S-alleles with high expression of self-incompatibility were selected. As a result, all possible S-homo- and heterozygous genotypes with a predictable type of self-incompatibility are available and maintained both vegetatively and as botanical seed. The development of this material has paved the way for more critical analysis of molecular factors involved in self-incompatibility in diploid potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

六倍体小黑麦品种资源的抗旱性聚类分析

本研究选用10个六倍体小黑麦品种(系)为材料,利用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱,检测各品种芽期的发芽势、发芽率、胚芽鞘长、主根长以及苗期的POD和SOD活性、相对含水量、MDA含量,并计算各性状的抗旱系数（T/CK）,根据抗旱系数的欧氏距离将其聚为两大类,一类为抗旱性强的S1、S3、S5、S8、 S10,另一类为抗旱性弱的S2、S4、S6、S7、S9。同时,利用RAPD分子标记分析其遗传多样性,以0.34为阈值将其分为三类,其中S4、S5为一类;S1、S2、S3、S6、S7、S8、S9为一类, S10自成一类。对比分析发现抗旱性强的一类品种分散分布在分子标记的三大类群里,表明这些分子标记与品种的抗旱性不相关。但反过来可以说明这些抗旱性强的品种其遗传差异较大,遗传变异丰富,为在小麦或小黑麦的抗旱育种中更好地利用这些品种资源提供了依据。     

光敏、温敏核不育水稻核不育基因等位性及基因对数的研究

以光敏核不育系农垦58S及其衍生的光敏核不育系7001S、温敏核不育系W6154S、增矮64S，以及温敏核不育系安农S－1及其衍生的温敏核不育系810S、安湘S、香125S为材料进行相互杂交，在长日高温条件下观察F1的育性，根据其可育性和不育性确定核不育基因的等位性。结果表明：7001S、W6154S、培矮64S与核不育基因供体农垦58S之间有等位点的核不育基因；但温敏核不育系W6154S与培矮64S之间，不具等位点的温敏核不育基因。该结果说明光敏核不育系农垦58S至少存在一对光敏核不育基因和两对温敏核不育基因，而且各对温敏核不育基因可独立遗传，在夏季高温条件下其不育性得到充分表达。安农S－1与其衍生的不育系之间以及衍生的不育系与不育系之间都具有等位点的温敏核不育基因。农垦58S及衍生的核不育系与安农S－1及衍生的核不育系之间没有等位点的核不育基因。     

Immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus: Screening of exotic Solanum species

Summary Accessions from exotic Solanum species, including diploid and tetraploid species, were screened for immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of potato ring rot. The diploid species included S. infundibuliforme, S. lesteri, S. megistacrolobum, S. tuberosum Group Phureja, S. polyadenium, S. pinnatisectum, S. raphanifolium, S. sparsipilum, S. sanctae-rosae, S. tuberosum Group Stenotomum, S. toralapanum, and S. verrucosum. The tetraploid species included S. tuberosum Group Andigena, S. acaule, S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. oplocense, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. Apparent immunity was initially found in several diploid species, but was not present during subsequent retesting. Immunity was found in nine accessions of tetraploid S. acaule. These accessions maintained their immunity during testing over an eight-month period. S. acaule appears to be a good source of immunity for introgression studies.     

18个甘肃地方梨品种S基因型鉴定及新S-RNase基因克隆

为鉴定甘肃地方梨品种的自交不亲和基因型（S基因型）,利用梨自交不亲和基因的特异引物对18个梨品种基因组DNA进行特异PCR扩增,对扩增片段进行回收、克隆和测序,确定了14个梨品种的S基因型。结果如下:‘临夏香把’S₁₂S₂₁、‘甘谷黑梨’S₁₆ S₅₄、‘康乐白果’S_bS_i、‘武都甜梨’S₂₆S_i、‘临夏黄麻’S₃S_e、‘康乐酥木梨’S₁S_h、‘临夏萨拉’S₁₆S_e、‘九泉长把梨’S₆S₂₂、‘临姚麻甜梨’S₂₂S_d、‘九泉麦梨’S₆S₁₇、‘漫路窝窝果’S₁₂S₂₁、‘武山糖梨’S₈S₁₉、‘康乐甘长把’S₂₂S_d、‘河政甘长把’S₂₂S_d。品种‘甘谷香水’和‘礼县新八盘’含有S_e基因,‘临夏大吊蛋’和‘甘谷红霞’分别含有1个S₂₆、S₁₆基因。在‘甘谷黑梨’中发现1个新S等位基因,暂定名S₅₄。该结果为研究梨属不同种间S-RNase基因的进化、田间授粉树的配置和新品种的选育等提供参考。     

不同轮作方式对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响

[目的]为了探究不同轮作模式对阴山北麓土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性的影响,筛选适合阴山北麓的轮作模式,[方法]本试验设计了6种轮作模式、3种连作处理及休闲,共10个处理,研究对土壤生物学性状的影响。[结果]结果表明：2015年,轮作处理的土壤微生物量碳含量均显著高于较连作处理,且S2、S6、S4轮作模式较好,而2016年以S2、S3、S4模式较好;微生物量氮的变化2015年以S1、S4模式较好,而2016年以S4模式下的土壤微生物量氮含量显著高于其他处理(p＜0.05)。土壤过氧化氢酶活性的变化表现为2016年均低于2015年,且2015年以S2、S4、S5模式较好,2016年以S3、S4、S5模式表现较好;土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性的变化在2015年均以S1、S2、S4模式较好,而2016年以S4、S5模式好,且较2015年高,分别提高了24.53%、23.30%、21.23%、19.29%。2015年土壤微生物量的变化与脲酶活性呈显著相关,2016年土壤微生物量变化与土壤酶活性的相关性不显著。[结论]本试验中得出燕麦苜蓿混作(1年)、苜蓿(1年)、马铃薯(3年)种植模式能提高土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性。