Genetic and immunobiological diversities of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype I strains

Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been based on ORF5/GP5 and ORF7/N protein variations. Complete viral genome studies are limited and focused on a single or a few set of strains. Moreover, there is a general tendency to extrapolate results obtained from a single isolate to the overall PRRSV population. In the present study, six genotype-I isolates of PRRSV were sequenced from ORF1a to ORF7. Phylogenetic comparisons and the variability degree of known linear B-epitopes were done considering other available full-length genotype-I sequences. Cytokine induction of all strains was also evaluated in different cellular systems. Non structural protein 2 (nsp2) was the most variable part of the virus with 2 out of 6 strains harboring a 74 aa deletion. Deletions were also found in ORF3 and ORF4. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates could be grouped differently depending on the ORF examined and the highest similarity with the full genome cluster was found for the nsp9. Interestingly, most of predicted linear B-epitopes in the literature, particularly in nsp2 and GP4 regions, were found deleted or varied in some of our isolates. Moreover, 4 strains, those with deletions in nsp2, induced TNF-α and 3 induced IL-10. These results underline the high genetic diversity of PRRSV mainly in nsp1, nsp2 and ORFs 3 and 4. This variability also affects most of the known linear B-epitopes of the virus. Accordingly, different PRRSV strains might have substantially different immunobiological properties. These data can contribute to the understanding of PRRSV complexity.     

Significance of genetic variation of PRRSV ORF5 in virus neutralization and molecular determinants corresponding to cross neutralization among PRRS viruses

A high rate of genetic and antigenic variability among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) hampers effective prevention and control of the disease caused by PRRSV. The major envelope protein (GP5) encoded by the ORF5 of PRRSV has a critical role in inducing virus neutralizing (VN) antibody and cross protection among different strains of PRRSV. This study was conducted to identify sequence elements related to cross neutralization by comparing the ORF5 sequences of 69 field isolates in conjunction with their susceptibility to VN antibody raised against the VR2332 strain in vitro and in vivo. Five common variable sites (amino acid position 32–34, 38–39, 57–59, 137 and 151) were identified between susceptible and resistant viral isolates. Mutants whose ORF5 amino acid sequences were substituted with the sequences corresponding to the 5 identified common variable sites individually or concurrently were generated from a VR2332-backboned infectious clone by site mutagenesis. The change in the susceptibility of the mutants to VN antibodies specific for VR2332 or a heterologous PRRSV was assessed to determine the association of those 5 identified sites with cross neutralization. Among the five sites, the changes of amino acid sequences at three sites (32–34, 38–39, and 57–59) located in the N-terminal ectodomain of ORF5 significantly influenced the susceptibility of the mutant viruses to VN antibody, suggesting that sequence homology at these sites can be utilized as genetic markers to predict the degree of cross neutralization among different PRRSVs.     

Identification of Polish RHDVa subtype strains based on the analysis of a highly variable part of VP60 gene

In order to determine the genetic variability of Polish RHD virus strains and to confirm the presence of genetic variant (RHDVa) subtype the partial nucleotide sequences of capsid protein gene, including two highly variable regions C and E, were examined. Phylogenetic analyses of 15 viral strains obtained over 18 years revealed the presence of three genetic groups. The oldest RHDV strains exhibit very close amino acid sequence similarity (98-99%) to the German FRG89 reference strain and most of European strains of the same period, as well as Chinese isolate from 1984. The HA-negative strains and isolates with variable reactivity in the HA test belong to the second subgroup and exhibit an intermediate level of variability (about 3%) in the analysed VP60 gene fragment. The most genetically variable strains (6-7%) clustered to RHDVa subtype. The analysis of nucleotides and amino acid sequences demonstrated three pairs of well conserved RHDV strains, isolated over 3, 6 and 10-year period.     

杂交野猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离及其ORF6、ORF7基因的序列分析

试验旨在研究杂交野猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV) 辽宁分离株的遗传变异情况及分子生物学特征.用Marc-145细胞从辽宁某杂交野猪场疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)病猪血液中分离到1株病毒,该分离毒株经Marc-145细胞6次传代后出现稳定的细胞病变,采用RT-PCR方法对分离病毒进行ORF6和ORF7基因的扩增、克隆和测序,并与已知序列毒株的相应片段进行同源性比对.结果表明,分离毒株的ORF6、ORF7基因与国内外美洲型毒株的核苷酸同源性分别为96.0%～100.0%、94.5%～99.4%;氨基酸同源性分别为89.6%～100.0%、87.3%～98.7%;与欧洲型代表毒株LV的ORF6、ORF7基因差异较大,核苷酸同源性分别为70.4%、70.1%,氨基酸同源性分别为48.8%、49.7%.推测辽宁杂交野猪体内分离毒株在基因型上属于美洲型毒株.     

2005年-2010年我国部分地区PRRSV流行毒株的遗传变异分析

为了掌握高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的变异情况,揭示该病的发生规律,根据GenBank登录的PRRSV基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR法对2005年-2010年间送检的282份病料进行了PRRSV核酸检测,对其中9份阳性样品进行了ORF5～7基因片段扩增和测序,所得序列与GenBank下栽的PRRSV...     

2013年-2014年江西地区PRRSV分离株NSP2及ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为研究江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) ORF5基因的变异情况及NSP2基因的结构特征,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了12份江西地区猪场疑似患PRRS的猪肺脏样品中的ORF5全序列和NSP2部分序列,应用DNAStar和Mega 6.0等软件对所得序列进行同源性比对及遗传变异分析。12株PRRSV ORF5核苷酸同源性为83.7%~99.8%,氨基酸同源性为82.1%~99.5%;与参考毒株JXA1、VR-2332和LV的核苷酸同源性分别为84.9%~99.7%、85.2%~91.0%和62.4%~64.8%。对阳性病料进行了NSP2基因部分序列的扩增,测序结果显示12株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,12株PRRSV的NSP2部分序列均存在30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,与高致病性PRRSV有相同的缺失特征。12株PRRSV的ORF5遗传进化树分析显示,10株与高致病性PRRSV处在同一进化分支,进一步说明高致病性PRRSV已成为江西地区的优势流行毒株。     

两株高致病性PRRSV ORF6和ORF7基因克隆及序列分析

应用RT PCR方法从实验室分离的两株高致病性PRRSV SX、ZQ株中扩增出ORF6和ORF7,将其分别克隆、测序。用DNAStar 软件分析所测序列,并与VR 2332株、LV株、周边国家及国内分离株进行核苷酸和推导氨基酸同源性比较,并绘制系统进化树,结果ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与北美洲型的同源性为91.1％～100％,与欧洲型的同源性为66.2％～70.7％,推导氨基酸与北美洲型的同源性为91.2％～100％,与欧洲型的同源性为62.3％～82.3％。证明新分离到的PRRSV SX株、ZQ株仍属北美洲型。SX株ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与国内新分离到的高致病性PRRSV JXA1株同源性分别为99.8%、100%;ZQ株ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与国内新分离到的高致病性PRRSV JXA1株同源性分别为99.6%、99.7%。     

Molecular evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from central China

To investigate the genetic diversity of prevailing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Henan Province of China, 61 ORF5 gene sequences, originating from Henan Province during 2003–2010, were subjected to amino acid variation and phylogenetic analysis. The analyzed PRRSV ORF5 sequences carried evidence of one unique recombination event. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Henan isolates belonged to type 2 genotype and were divided into two subgroups. The dominant isolates had shifted from subgroup 1 to subgroup 2 during 2003–2010. Amino acid variation analysis of the glycoprotein 5 revealed that Henan PRRSV strains tended to accumulate more substitutions within the N-terminus and hypervariable region. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence that some ORF5 sites have likely evolved in response to immune pressure.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒柳州地方株NSP2和ORF5基因变异分析

为了给广西柳州预防和控制猪繁殖与呼吸综合症提供理论数据,本研究对利用RT-PCR方法扩增了该地区流行株LZ5和LZ6的NSP2和ORF5基因并进行测序分析,然后与GenBank中已发表的PRRSV毒株的NSP2和ORF5基因序列进行比较。结果显示,2株柳州地方流行株均属于美洲型,在NSP2基因第483位和535~563位氨基酸均存在30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,其NSP2和ORF5基因的核苷酸同源性分别为99.5%和99.7%,推导的氨基酸同源性分别为100%和99.5%;与近几年国内流行的高致病性蓝耳病代表性毒株之间的NSP2、ORF5基因核苷酸同源性分别为94.7%~96.2%和97.2%~98.0%,其推导的氨基酸同源性分别为92.0%~95.5%和94.5%~97.0%。序列分析结果表明此次柳州流行的PRRSV与2006年夏高热病引起的基因序列高度同源,在基因序列上并未显示出新的特性,在国内也缺乏明显的地域性差异。     

2018年广东部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒流行毒株ORF5基因变异分析

为了解广东省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行毒株ORF5基因遗传变异情况,采用RT-PCR对2018年采自广东部分地区疑似患有PRRS的猪肺组织样品进行PRRSV ORF5基因扩增以及克隆测序,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,成功扩增出18株PRRSV流行毒株的ORF5基因片段。ORF5基因序列分析表明,18株PRRSV流行毒株ORF5基因核苷酸同源性为83.7%~99.8%,PRRSV流行毒株与参考毒株的同源性为62.1%~99.8%。基于ORF5基因的遗传进化树分析表明,18株PRRSV流行株均为美洲型毒株。其中,10株与以JXA1为代表的高致病性毒株亲缘较近,2株与新型高致病性毒株FZ16A相似;1株与以NT1为代表的疫苗返强毒株亲缘较近,1株与以R98为代表的疫苗毒株亲缘性较近,4株与广东新报道的GM2和QYYZ毒株亲缘性较近。DNA推导氨基酸序列分析表明,18株流行株的氨基酸序列与国内已报道的代表株相比发生不同程度的变异,GP5抗原表位上存在着差异。研究结果揭示了广东地区PRRSV有新型强毒株、重组毒株以及疫苗返强毒株的流行,提示养殖者谨慎、合理使用疫苗,防止疫苗毒株返强和毒株重组,为该地区防控PRRS提供参考。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF7基因的遗传变异分析

从GenBank中随机选取25株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的全基因序列进行同源性分析并构建了基因进化树,同时对PRRSV ORF7基因序列进行遗传变异分析,发现PRRSV美洲株之间或欧洲株之间的ORF7基因相对保守,但美洲株和欧洲株的ORF7基因的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性较低.说明建立的针对N蛋白的多种检测方法在高致病性PRRSV肆虐的现今仍具有实用性.     

Phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and ORF7 sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from PRRS-positive Italian farms: a showcase for PRRSV epidemiology and its consequences on farm management

We investigated the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variability in a range of swine PRRS-positive farms located in Northern Italy, to provide insights into the epidemiology and diffusion of the virus, particularly throughout the entire swine production chain. In this context, we also examined the effectiveness and the critical points of a recently developed gilts acclimatization program in swine breeder farms. To achieve these aims, we designed new primers and determined 64 complete open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequences, representing Italian PRRSV field strains and the European vaccine Porcilis strain (Intervet); in addition, the more conserved ORF7 of 11 PRRSV strains were sequenced. The domains' prediction of their putative protein sequences was performed as well. Based on these sequences, phylogenetic trees were inferred which revealed a high degree of variability among the PRRSV Italian strains. The outcomes of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the most frequent source of infection in PRRS-positive farms (sow herds, nursery sites, fattening units) was the introduction of animals carrying a new variant and not the modification of already present variants; moreover, the integration of data from phylogenetic analysis and from the clinical and serological status of the swine herds suggested that the acclimatization program could be a valid tool to stabilize the PRRS clinical picture in farms, only when applied in combination with rigorous bio-security routine management and avoid the incoming of new PRRSV variants.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒山西分离株ORF5基因的序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对2009—2011年山西省疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)阳性病料进行克隆和测序,获得5个ORF5基因片段,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行了同源性分析。序列分析结果表明,5个ORF5基因序列之间核苷酸同源性为97.7%～98.5%,与欧洲型代表株LV、美洲型代表株VR-2332、2006—2007年国内分离的PRRSV变异株(JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1)、2006年以前中国分离毒株(CH-1a、HB-1(sh)、HB-2(sh))和2个疫苗株(Resp PRRS MLV、MLV RespPRRS/Repro)核苷酸同源性分别为63.5%～64.0%、88.7%～89.2%、97.7%～99.3%、88.1%～96.7%和88.6%～89.1%;氨基酸同源性分别为56.1%～56.6%、87.8%～88.8%、96.6%～98.5%、85.9%～93.2%、86.8%～87.9%。结果表明山西地区的PRRSV流行毒株均属于美洲型,且毒株同源性很高,亲缘关系紧密。     

1株基因重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的新型变异和遗传进化分析

对山东省某地区初诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproduction and respiatory syndrome,PRRS)的猪病料采用RT-PCR进行鉴定,获得1株PRRSV并命名为SD18.对该分离株的第2代细胞培养毒株进行全基因组测序,与其他参考毒株比较同源性并构建遗传进化树.结果显示,SD18毒...     

2006—2012年鲁豫冀地区15株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及ORF5/Nsp2基因的遗传变异分析

为研究鲁豫冀地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的遗传变异情况,对2006—2012年来自3省区发病猪场的42份样品进行PRRSV分离鉴定,并进行了生物学特性研究和PCR鉴定,结果显示先后分离到15株PRRSV。分别采用RT-PCR扩增其ORF5基因和部分Nsp2基因并测序,与GenBank中68个ORF5序列和40个Nsp2序列的推导氨基酸序列进行比对,遗传变异分析结果表明,15株分离株均属于美洲型毒株,其中13个毒株Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列均存在氨基酸的不连续缺失,其ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列与JXA1株有较高的同源性(95.5%~97.5%);SDDY2007株与疫苗株RespPRRS MLV和VR2332株亲缘关系相近,处于同一个亚群中;而HN25-2009分离株Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列有30个氨基酸的特征性缺失,其ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列的遗传进化分析结果显示该分离株处于VR2332所在亚群(氨基酸同源性97.5%),具有一定特殊性。本试验结果表明,2006—2012年高致病性PRRSV是鲁豫冀地区的优势流行毒株,且存在疫苗毒株,3省区流行毒株间有一定遗传差异,但无明显地域特征。     

PRRSV山西株ORF5和Nsp2基因序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对2009—2011年山西省分离的5株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的ORF5和Nsp2（2503～3269nt）基因进行克隆和测序,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行了同源性分析。序列分析结果显示,5株分离株Nsp2基因与国内分离的PRRSV变异株（JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1）的序列同源性最高,为96．8％～98．2％,且缺失位置一致,均存在2个位点30个氨基酸缺失;ORF5基因大小为603bp,编码200个氨基酸,第13、151位均为具有强毒特性的精氨酸（R）,137位为丝氨酸（S）,表明这5株均为野毒株,与国内分离的PRRSV变异株（JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1）毒株的序列同源性最高,为96．5％～98．0％。结果表明,山西省内目前流行的PRRSV为Nsp2缺失30个氨基酸的变异毒株。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HS株结构蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲株(VR-2332)基因序列,设计合成了ORF2a、ORF3、ORF4、ORF5、ORF6和ORF7基因的引物.利用RT-PCR扩增出PRRSV HS株各基因的cDNA片段,将扩增的各cDNA片段克隆入pMD18-T载体并测序.应用DNA Man软件,将测序结果与国内外已发表野毒株和疫苗株(VR-2332、Resp MLV、16244B、HN1、BJ-4、CH1-a、HB-1、HB-2、LV)的相应基因进行序列比较,并绘制系统进化树.结果表明,PRRSV HS株与美洲型的相应基因核苷酸同源性为83.6%～99.7%,与LV株的相应基因核苷酸同源性为38.9%～49%;推导的氨基酸与美洲型相应基因的同源性为86.6%～99.6%,与LV株的同源性为54.2%～78.2%.系统进化树表明,PRRSV HS株属于美洲型,与HN1、VR-2332、RespMLV、16244B、BJ-4亲缘关系较近.     

8株分离自四川、贵州地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒毒株的全基因组特征分析

本研究旨在了解近年来我国四川、贵州地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的分子流行病学及遗传变异情况,对该地区2016—2018年间采集的8份PRRSV阳性样品进行病毒分离鉴定和全基因组测序,进一步使用RDP4和Simplot生物软件对全基因序列进行重组分析。结果显示,8个PRRSV毒株全基组全长为15 010~15 321 nt,毒株间相似性为80.9%~91.7%。NSP2氨基酸分析结果显示,4个毒株表现出与HP-PRRSV毒株一致的30 aa缺失,另外4株表现出与NADC30毒株一致的131 aa缺失。其中,GZgy17表现为“1+19+29 aa”新型缺失模式。ORF5氨基酸分析显示,3个毒株在33位点出现新型的1 aa缺失。遗传重组分析显示,8个毒株表现出PRRSV-2毒株6种不同谱系（Lineage）间的重组方式,分别如下：1） SCnj16：L8+L1;2） SCxyz17：L1+L5;3） SCya18：L1+L3;4） GZgy17：L8+L3;5） SCcd17和SCN17：L1+L8+L5;6） SCcd16和SCya17：L1+L8+L3。本研究结果表明,我国四川、贵州地区不仅有多种谱系PRRSV毒株并存,其基因组还出现了复杂的遗传重组现象,具有上述复杂基因组的PRRSV毒株在我国的流行状况值得高度关注。     

PRRSV分离株Nsp2基因和ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为了解山东省PRRSV流行毒株的遗传变异情况和分子流行病学背景,对2007~2009年分离到的14株山东省内的PRRSV流行毒株进行了Nsp2和ORF5基因序列的测定和分析。结果显示,与参考毒株JXA1相比,14株PRRSV Nsp2与ORF5基因的核苷酸同源性分别达到96.1%~99.8%和98.0%~99.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别达到92.9%~100%和97.5%~99.5%。序列分析结果表明,14株毒株在Nsp2蛋白内部均存在编码30个氨基酸的碱基对的不连续缺失;ORF5基因编码的GP5蛋白不存在缺失,但存在点突变。遗传进化分析表明,07年分离毒株JQ与参考毒株JXA1亲缘关系很近;09年分离的12株PRRSV,2株仍与国内2006~2007年间的分离株在同一分支,9株已经处在不同分支,1株单独处在一个分支。2007~2009年山东地区流行的PRRSV分离株具有年度特征,无明显的地域特征。     

2016-2017年江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子流行病学调查及ORF5基因变异分析

为了解近年来江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）分子流行病学和其遗传变异情况,本次调查于2016-2017年从江西省各地区规模化猪场采集453份疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的病料,采用RT-PCR方法对所有病料进行检测。结果发现,其中321份病料为PRRSV阳性,阳性率为70.86%,各地区的阳性率在19.15%~84.85%之间。挑选14份阳性样品测序后,经ORF5基因序列分析,江西地区各PRRSV毒株ORF5基因的核苷酸同源性为83%~100%,PRRSV流行毒株与参考毒株的同源性在59.9%~98.5%之间。基于ORF5基因的进化树分析表明,14个测序毒株均为美洲型毒株,其中有4株为基因亚型Ⅰ,即高致病性毒株（HP-PRRSV）;3株为基因亚型Ⅱ,即经典毒株;3株为基因亚型Ⅲ,即NADC30-like毒株;4株为新出现的基因亚型Ⅳ。氨基酸序列比对分析表明,基因亚型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ毒株ORF5基因编码的GP5蛋白氨基酸在3个表位及2个重要的抗原相关区域存在较大变异,其中以NADC30毒株为代表的基因亚型Ⅲ毒株和以GD1404毒株为代表的基因亚型Ⅳ毒株均表现出独有的氨基酸变异,这些变异可能会影响GP5蛋白的免疫原性。本次调查结果表明,2016-2017年江西地区PRRSV流行出现了新形势,美洲型毒株出现了多基因亚型共同存在的局面,以高致病性毒株（HP-PRRSV）为主,NADC30-like毒株和新基因亚型等新毒株的比例较高,同时还存在经典毒株;持续实时监测PRRSV的毒株流行和变异情况,可为临床诊断、药物和疫苗开发及PRRS的科学防控提供依据。