奶牛子宫内膜炎的综合防制

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛普遍发生的子宫内膜的炎症,是奶牛生殖系统的常见病,发病率高达20％～40％,包括急性子宫内膜炎、慢性子宫内膜炎、隐性子宫内膜炎、子宫积水和子宫积脓;急性期治疗不及时,或治疗不彻底而转为慢性,多为子宫黏膜的慢性炎症。临床上按炎症的性质可将慢性子宫内膜炎分为粘液性、粘液脓性、脓性、脓性假膜性和坏死性子宫内膜炎。该病对繁殖的影响依据炎症的程度、子宫内膜损伤恢复需要的时间、子宫内膜腺体的损伤、输卵管环境的改变不同而不同,子宫内膜炎使产犊间隔延长、产奶量减少、     

猪牛子宫用药

本文综述牛、猪子宫疾患治疗药物的使用方法。一、子宫用药的种类作用于子宫的药物有直接促进子宫机能的药,如催产素、前列腺素 F_2a 和麦角生物碱等。这些药物因对子宫肌有较高的特异性,可使子宫运动增强。这种用以诱发阵痛、促进分娩、阻止弛张性出血的药被称为子宫收缩药。对牛、猪,除直接作用于子宫平滑肌的药物外,还有间接调节子宫机能的药物,包括通过子宫一卵巢反馈作用的药物和促进感染后子宫机能恢复     

牛羊子宫炎症的综合防治方法

子宫炎症是牛羊常见病之一。包括子宫内膜炎、子宫化脓、子宫积水的子宫炎症,极易导致牛羊不孕、流产、胎衣不下等产后疾病。做好子宫炎症的预防和治疗,有利于缩短牛羊繁殖周期、提高牛羊的繁殖率。     

母羊产后易发生子宫内膜炎

母羊产后子宫内膜炎是产后子宫内膜的急性炎症,常于分娩后发生,因难产、胎衣不下、子宫脱出、子宫复旧不全、流产、死胎滞留在子宫内等,微生物乘机侵入而致.     

中西医结合治疗母猪产后子宫内膜炎

母猪产后子宫内膜炎多因消毒不严、难产、胎衣不下、子宫脱出及产道损伤之后,细菌入侵子宫,子宫黏膜被感染而引起的一种子宫内膜的炎症。     

肉牛子宫脱出治疗

子宫脱出是子宫部分或全部反转脱出于阴门之外,它的原发病是子宫内翻。子宫内翻为子宫末端翻入子宫腔或阴道内的病理过程。怀孕母牛由于衰老、营养不良、运动不足、胎儿过大等因素,可造成子宫紧张性降低和松弛,因而发生该病。子宫脱出的     

犬子宫蓄脓综合征的诊疗报告

<正>子宫蓄脓综合征是指子宫内蓄积大量脓液并伴有子宫内膜增生炎症,临床上可表现子宫蓄脓、子宫内膜炎、子宫脓肿等多种疾病的征候群。     

奶牛子宫脱出的预防与有效救治

子宫脱出简称子宫脱。是子宫向外翻出,子宫、子宫颈和阴道全部脱出于阴门之外,是牛常见的产后疾病。一般多在产后12h内,子宫颈尚未缩小、子宫襞和子宫阔韧带松弛时发生。     

母畜子宫脱阴道脱的诊治

很多母畜都可发生子宫脱出,常见于牛和绵羊,猪较少发生。治疗牛子宫脱需先麻醉、剥离、清洗、修补裂伤、还纳等步骤。预后取决于子宫受损或污染的程度。对洁净、损伤程度轻微的子宫脱,若能迅速复位,则预后良好。阴道脱最常见于牛和绵羊,犬也可发生。1子宫内翻与脱出多种动物都可发生子宫脱出,然而,常见于奶牛、肉牛和绵羊,猪较少发生。而马、犬、猫、兔则少见子宫脱出。引发子宫脱出的病因有很多,例如母畜卧于前高后低的畜床、子宫尖端内翻、母畜难产或胎衣不下时过度牵拉、子宫迟缓、低血钙及缺乏锻炼等,均可引发子宫脱出。     

羊子宫内膜炎的防治

羊子宫内膜炎为子宫黏膜发炎,是常见的母羊生殖器官疾病,常于分娩后发生,因难产、胎衣不下、子宫脱出、子宫复旧不全、流产、死胎滞留在子宫内等,微生物乘机侵入而致。曾患过布氏杆菌病、沙门氏杆菌病及其他侵害生殖道的传染病或寄生虫病的母羊,由于分娩后抵抗力降低或子宫损伤,则由原来潜在的子宫黏膜     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.