小西瓜工厂化嫁接育苗多效唑化控试验

在育苗气温15～30℃条件下,利用300 mg/kg多效唑,采用种芽化控法,分别对接穗小西瓜和砧木水瓜进行化控,适度增加胚轴粗度,培养健壮接稳、砧木并进行嫁接育苗.结果表明,3人1小组嫁接速度由490株/h提高到700株/h,嫁接成活率由89%提高到98%,小西瓜嫁接苗生长健壮,叶色深绿、肥厚,叶柄短于叶长,根系粗壮、根毛发达,90%以上育苗基质被根毛包裹,综合抗病、抗逆性较强.但嫁接后真叶出现相对较晚,达到3叶1心苗龄需30～35 d.     

一种改良的西瓜靠接育苗方法

西瓜嫁接方法有插接法和靠接法、劈接法等,靠接法是目前应用最普遍的嫁接方法之一。西瓜常用的靠接方法成活率在90%左右（熟练者每天可嫁接400-500株,按8 h计算）。为了解决在西瓜靠接育苗时存在的上述问题,对其进行改良,西瓜改良靠接育苗法采用砧木、接穗同穴播种,有效降低了育苗成本、简化了操作工序,提高了嫁接育苗成活率。     

茄子砧/穗残株高效再利用及效益评价

为了明确茄子嫁接后砧木、接穗残株的再生进程及再次嫁接利用的可行性,以茄砧1号、园杂471为砧木和接穗品种,研究砧木、接穗残株再生苗的生长发育进程,并比较残株再生苗嫁接与初次嫁接苗的愈合情况和生长指标。结果表明:茄子嫁接后砧木残株扦插再生、接穗残株腋芽再生30 d左右均可形成健壮的幼苗,植株茎粗可达2.5 mm左右,与播种育苗相比,砧木、接穗分别缩短育苗时间约45、10 d;利用砧木、接穗残株进行嫁接,嫁接苗成活率、木质部输导能力、砧/穗接合力及35 d嫁接苗净生长量与初次嫁接苗无显著差异。茄子残株嫁接苗砧木与接穗培养成本明显低于初次嫁接苗,按万株嫁接苗计,可节约生产成本696.4元。综上,茄子嫁接后砧/穗残株可以嫁接再利用,并可提高经济效益。     

西瓜嫁接育苗(技术规程)

<正> 1 主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了西瓜嫁接育苗中砧木、接穗的品种选择、育苗和苗期管理.适用于以‘瓠葫芦’(Lagenaria siceraria var.depressa)为砧木,以抗西瓜镰刀菌枯萎病为目的的西瓜嫁接育苗.2 砧木,接穗的品种选择2.1 砧木:瓠葫芦。2.2 接穗:选适宜当地种植的西瓜优良品种.3 育苗3.1 准备工作3.1.1 种子:砧、穗种子要求成熟、饱满、发芽率95%以上,纯度98%以上,接穗种子粒数相应要     

影响西瓜嫁接成活率的几项因素

近几年 ,西瓜嫁接栽培在我国各地发展迅速。顺应市场需求 ,泰和县大力调整产业结构 ,短短两年内嫁接西瓜由零发展到2 0 0ｈｍ2 ,且发展趋势呈直线上升。但嫁接死苗现象比较严重 ,很多农户难以找出具体原因。笔者在近两年中潜心研究了影响西瓜嫁接成活率的各种因素 ,为了更好地指导生产 ,现将相关因素介绍如下 :1　接穗与砧木是否健壮是前提在选择合适的砧木情况下 ,接穗和砧木必须是健壮的。一是无病菌感染。据调查 ,凡是感病菌 ,苗床的砧木或接穗接后成活率都很低 ,笔者曾用感染猝倒病苗床的黑蜜 2号无籽瓜与葫芦砧嫁接 ,成活率为 7 8% ,用…     

夏秋西瓜设施育苗技术

正优质西瓜嫁接苗的标准为子叶完整,茎秆粗壮,嫁接处愈合良好,西瓜真叶3~4片,苗高10~15厘米,叶色浓绿,根系完好,不带病虫。1确定育苗时期在育苗前根据客户订苗计划和不同栽培形式的需要,确定适宜播期、嫁接期及供苗期。一般夏秋季节砧木浸种至成苗需25~30天,供苗时间倒推其播期及嫁接期,接穗播种时期根据不同嫁接方法而定。2品种选择夏秋季应用的西瓜和砧木品种要求耐热性强。砧木可选用抗     

影响西瓜断根嫁接成活的关键因素及预防措施

<正>目前西瓜生产中嫁接栽培已广泛应用。西瓜断根嫁接法是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心于2000年前后率先在国内推广应用的一项技术,嫁接苗具有根系强,健壮整齐,成活率高等特点[1]。由于操作方便,工人易掌握,砧木和接穗可分批集中育苗,对砧木、接穗大小要求不严格,因此集约化程度高,适合工厂化育苗[2],近2年在吐鲁番地区有了大面积的应用,仅2012年在吐鲁番地区就有近200hm2西瓜断根嫁接苗种植。砧木断根嫁接法在小规模生产时,由于操作人数少,操作仔细,嫁接成活率可达99%,但在扩大规模后,由于用工量非常大,一些细节的疏忽就会造成成活率低,导致嫁接失败。1西瓜断根嫁接法工厂化生产的流程砧木品种选用新土佐,接穗品种选用京欣类西瓜。砧木和接穗分期集中播于苗床上,苗床采用地热线或火炉加温,可严格控制砧、穗大小,出苗整齐。     

不同砧木对西瓜嫁接苗生长及萌蘖发生的影响

以小兰西瓜为接穗,选取6个葫芦砧木和4个南瓜砧木,插接法嫁接,研究不同砧木嫁接对西瓜嫁接苗嫁接成活率、接穗生长和砧木萌蘖发生的影响。结果表明:葫芦砧木嫁接成活率高于南瓜砧木,均达到90%以上,南瓜砧木中以东方明珠嫁接成活率较高,达到92.81%。葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠对接穗生长影响较为显著,接穗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、叶绿素(a+b)及类胡萝卜素含量、根系活力均显著高于相应对照强根和京欣砧2号。葫芦砧木中,ZM-1和力根砧木萌蘖叶片较小,叶柄较短,南瓜砧木中,以东方明珠和京欣砧4号萌蘖生长较缓。综合评价认为:葫芦砧木力根和南瓜砧木东方明珠嫁接西瓜不仅嫁接成活率高,而且能明显促进接穗生长,降低砧木萌蘖侧枝的发生,可作为西瓜嫁接栽培中砧木选择的参考品种。     

越冬茄子嫁接育苗技术

1选择砧木和接穗选野生茄二号为砧木 ,因为它嫁接亲和力强 ,嫁接成活率达99% ,根系发达 ,较耐低温 ,嫁接后所结的茄子无异味 ,品质好 ,结实率高 ,生长健壮。选用的接穗有 :鲁茄一号、北京六叶茄、青选长茄和济南早小长茄。2育苗将砧木和接穗的种子进行浸种 ,待根生长至0.5cm时 ,即可分别均匀播种于两个苗床上。种子间距1.5～2cm ,覆土后再浇水 ,育苗床上要用塑料薄膜覆盖 ,架小拱棚 ,待出苗后揭掉 ,茄子接穗及砧木苗都需较长的下胚轴 ,所以播种后应保持较高的温度。白天温度25～30℃ ,夜温20℃。为了使砧木和接穗的最适嫁接期一致 ,靠接法要…     

一种薄壳山核桃控温控湿嫁接繁殖方法

为了提高薄壳山核桃嫁接成活率,采用薄壳山核桃控温控湿的嫁接方法,对嫁接时的温度、湿度以及对嫁接前的砧木和接穗苗培育进行了严格的控制,通过营建盆栽采穗圃、砧木培育、自动化控温控湿嫁接繁殖步骤来实现,使薄壳山核桃的嫁接成活率由30%提高到85%以上的水平,为实现薄壳山核桃成功推向市场奠定了较好的园艺基础。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.