绵羊体外成熟卵母细胞OPS法玻璃化冷冻保存试验

研究以EDFS30为玻璃化冷冻液,以卵母细胞解冻后孤雌激活和体外受精后的卵裂率、囊胚发育率作为评价指标,探讨了以OPS法玻璃化冷冻保存体外成熟绵羊卵母细胞的效果。结果表明:卵母细胞孤雌激活后的卵裂率,冷冻组(64.2%)显著(P<0.05)低于毒性组(76.7%)和对照组(79.1%),而毒性组和对照组无显著(P>0.05)差异;卵母细胞孤雌激活后的囊胚发育率,冷冻组(4.2%)和毒性组(5.8%)均显著(P<0.05)低于对照组(20.2%),毒性组和冷冻组无显著(P>0.05)差异;冷冻组和毒性试验组卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率和囊胚发育率(67.6%和7.1%;62.3%和9.1%)均显著低于对照组(78.4%和28.4%)(P<0.05),而毒性组和冷冻组无显著(P>0.05)差异。可见以EDFS30为玻璃化冷冻液,采用OPS法冷冻保存绵羊体外成熟卵母细胞会在一定程度上降低其受精能力和胚胎发育能力。     

A Potential Role for Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) During Bovine Placentation

Introduction:  Leg weakness causes high economic losses in commercial poultry. The unspecific term includes, amongst others, diseases of the skeletal system caused by genetic, nutritional or microbiological factors. The analysis of computed tomography images may be a new tool to discriminate and evaluate skeletal abnormalities in turkeys and can therefore provide valuable hints in the treatment of turkey stocks suffering from leg weakness.
Material and Methods:  Legs of healthy turkeys and those showing clinical signs of leg weakness were examined using a Tomoscan M/EG/Compact (Philips Medical Systems) CT system. The slice thickness and distance were set to 2 mm. In addition to the evaluation of the obtained images, the software system 3D-Doctor was used to create three-dimensional objects of the investigated samples.
Results:  Differences between physiological and abnormal parts of the leg bones are distinguishable in the CT-images and three-dimensional reconstructed objects. Bone density can be calculated and thus provides a base to estimate possible nutritional demands or deficiencies. The three-dimensional reconstruction compensates for the difficulties in understanding the detailed anatomical CT cross-sections by which the examiner is confronted while studying the CT images.
Conclusion:  Although computed tomography of poultry is too expensive for routine herd diagnosis, and far less for single-animal diagnosis, it is a valuable tool for investigating skeletal abnormalities and is very useful in examining samples related to leg weakness.     

甘肃省景泰县羊无浆体病的诊断

为建立羊无浆体病简便快捷的病原学检测方法,论文以马米玲等已建立的边缘无浆体MSP5重组抗原间接ELISA检测方法对甘肃省景泰县多地采集的219份田间样品进行羊无浆体ELISA检测,以PCR检测方法进行病原学的检测和验证。同时为进一步验证MSP5基因在边缘无浆体和羊无浆体之间的保守性,Western blot检测证实边缘无浆体重组蛋白在45ku处与羊无浆体阳性血清反应,与羊其他病原阳性血清均不反应,表明该重组蛋白适合作为羊无浆体病的诊断抗原。在被检的219份样品中,ELISA方法检测阳性率为34.7%(76/219),PCR方法阳性率为30.6%(67/219),证实该地区存在羊无浆体病,与以往调查结果相比,阳性率有所下降。利用边缘无浆体MSP5重组抗原建立的EILSA方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可以检测羊无浆体病,为羊无浆体病的血清学诊断及流行病学调查提供了手段。     

Interferon gamma responses to proteome-determined specific recombinant proteins: Potential as diagnostic markers for ovine Johne's disease

Johne's disease (JD), or paratuberculosis is a fatal enteritis of animals caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). There may be a long subclinical phase with no signs of clinical disease.     

PGI2对缺少内源性PGs的绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的影响

试验旨在探讨添加外源Iloprost（PGI₂的稳定类似物）对缺少内源性前列腺素（PGs）的绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的影响。常规体外受精,通过在体外培养液中单独或联合添加前列腺素合成限速酶COX-1和COX-2的特异性抑制剂SC560和NS398,观察COX-1和COX-2对绵羊早期受精胚胎体外发育的影响。添加抑制剂NS398后,再协同添加不同浓度Iloprost,观察PGI₂对绵羊早期体外胚胎发育的具体作用,并对孵化囊胚的细胞数进行分析。结果显示,在卵裂率和囊胚率方面,单独添加NS398与同时添加SC560和NS398组间差异不显著（P>0.05）,而与对照组间差异显著（P<0.05）。添加NS398后,再添加不同浓度的外源性Iloprost可代替胚胎内源性PGI₂的作用,基本消除COX-2抑制剂对绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的不利影响。Iloprost的浓度以1×10^-6 mol/L为宜,H33342染色结果差异不显著（P>0.05）。本试验结果表明,胚胎内源性COX-2对绵羊早期胚胎中PGI₂的合成起主要调控作用。外源添加Iloprost可补偿胚胎内源性PGI₂的缺失作用,解除NS398对COX-2的特异性抑制作用,最终促进绵羊早期胚胎的体外发育。     

辽宁省大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病横断面研究

本研究采用横断面研究方法,通过两个阶段的随机抽样检测,结合问卷调查,获得大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率及感染风险因素,初步了解了当地养羊场户对布鲁氏菌病防控相关知识的掌握情况和行为实践特点。研究结果表明,大连市羊布鲁氏菌病场群血清流行率为8.89%(95%CI:6.14%~11.63%)。从饲养模式看,调查的6个种羊场均无布鲁氏菌病感染,而商品代饲养场和散养村羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率分别为13.33%(95%CI:5.64%~21.03%)和8.21%(95%CI:5.24%~11.17%),差异不显著(X~2=1.93,p=0.170.05)。从饲养品种看,不同品种羊群之间的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率差异也不显著(X~2=0.15,p=0.930.05)。单因素分析结果表明,"与其他养羊场户共用种公羊""产后胎衣丢弃和喂狗""流产物喂狗""与其他养羊场户共用交通工具""近一年羊贩子进羊圈""近一年在交易市场买卖羊"等行为是羊群感染布鲁氏菌病的风险因素,而"购入前检测布鲁氏疾病"是显著的保护性因素。进一步的logistic回归分析表明,"近一年在交易市场买卖羊"(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.57%~15.35%)"流产物处理不当"(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.06%~3.30%)是主要的羊群布鲁氏菌病感染风险因素。"知信行"调查结果表明,大连市养羊从业者对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度较好,说明兽医部门的宣传工作有成效。但从行为实践角度来看,仍有部分养羊场户存有侥幸心理,在日常养殖和生活中不采取降低布鲁氏菌病感染风险的措施。     

四种羊传染性疾病诊断试剂的测试比对试验及结果分析

随着我国改革开放的步伐加快,我国畜牧业的发展也迎来了新的大好时期。从澳大利亚和新西兰进口的种羊数量增长很快。1995年至2000年从天津口岸进口种羊约2600只,2001年至2006年约4587只。大量动物进口的同时,也带来了动物疫病传入的风险。     

具有市场潜力的药物增强剂

由于药物管理制度的不健全，抗生素得到了大量的广泛应用和滥用；细菌迫于生存压力不断变异，以适应大量抗生素应用的环境。现在细菌的耐药性愈被人们关注，大量的抗生素疗效愈来愈差，给疾病的有效治疗带来了很大的困难。新的药物增强剂一溶血性磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid，LPA)的出现给抗生素世界带来了巨大的生机和活力，不仅使老药重新获得了生命力不再是一个遥远的梦想，而且使用量减少，同时溶血性磷脂酸此项功能的发现也给兽药领域带来了巨大商机，也为人们敲响了警钟，抗生素的滥用和细菌耐药性的严重性迫切要求人们加强人类医药和兽药的管理，健全各类药物的管理制度刻不容缓。     

Equine Aging and the Oocyte: A Potential Model for Reproductive Aging in Women

Numerous similarities in reproductive aging have been documented between the mare and woman. Aging is associated with a decline in fertility. In mares and women, oocyte transfer procedures were initially used to establish that oocyte donor age is associated with oocyte quality. Age-associated differences in oocytes include altered morphology, gene expression, and developmental potential. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be important contributors to loss of oocyte quality. In the woman, aneuploidy is a primary consideration with maternal aging. Although misalignment of chromosomes during meiosis has been observed in the mare, less is known in this area. Reproductive aging will be reviewed in the mare and compared with the woman with emphasis on factors that affect oocyte quality and developmental potential. Areas in which the mare could be used as a research model to study reproductive aging in women will be highlighted.     

猪白细胞干扰素防治乳猪流行性腹泻试验

干扰素是一种低分子糖蛋白，具有非特异性广谱抗病毒作用，并能调节机体的免疫功能，已广泛应用于临床医学的病毒性疾病和肿瘤的治疗，但在兽医临床方面应用尚不普遍。本试验在将猪流行性腹泻病毒（ＰＥＤＶ）适应于Ｖｅｒｏ细胞［１］的基础上，用四川世红生物技术有限公...     

A Proposed Role for VEGF Isoforms in Sex-Specific Vasculature Development in the Gonad

Many scientists have expended efforts to determine what regulates development of an indifferent gonad into either a testis or ovary. Expression of Sry and upregulation of Sox9 are factors that initiate formation of the testis-specific pathway to allow for both sex-specific vasculature and seminiferous cord formation. Migration of mesonephric precursors of peritubular myoid cells and endothelial cells into the differentiating testis is a critical step in formation of both of these structures. Furthermore, these events appear to be initiated downstream from Sry expression. Sertoli cell secretion of growth factors acts to attract these mesonephric cells. One hypothesis is that a growth factor specific for these cell linages act in concert to coordinate migration of both peritubular and endothelial cells. A second hypothesis is that several growth factors stimulate migration and differentiation of mesonephric 'stem-like' cells to result in migration and differentiation into several different cell lineages. While the specific mechanism is unclear, several growth factors have been implicated in the initiation of mesonephric cell migration. This review will focus on the proposed mechanisms of a growth factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and how different angiogenic and inhibitory isoforms from this single gene may aid in development of testis-specific vascular development.     

重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对猪的安全性试验研究简

试验旨在观察自行研制的重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对猪的安全性。将20头健康仔猪随机分为4组（3组试验组和1组对照组）,每组5只,3组试验组分别肌肉注射低、中和高剂量重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂,连续注射7 d,对照组同时肌肉注射生理盐水。对动物基本生命体征、血常规、血液生化指标、组织标本病理学指标进行观察。各试验组仔猪的外表及行为特征均正常;体温、体重的变化也在正常范围之内;重要脏器如脑、肺脏、肝脏、心脏和脾脏病理解剖HE染色结果显示无器质性病变发生;血常规、血液生化指标均正常。试验结果表明本项目研制的重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对仔猪无明显毒副作用,使用安全。     

The Potential Role of Training Sessions on the Temporal and Spatial Physiological Patterns in Young Friesian Horses

This study compares the circulating adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH), cortisol, lactate, glucose, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and blood count values in initially 2-year-old horses subjected to dressage training schedule during three consecutive days per 2 weeks. Sixteen healthy Friesian horses were used and were considered dressage group. Six healthy young horses not involved in training programs were used as control group. Blood sampling were collected from the jugular vein in baseline condition (dressage group and control group) and after exercise, within 5 minutes of the end of the training session (dressage group). Compared to baseline values, results showed higher ACTH concentrations after the first day of the first training week (P < .005) and after the third day of the second week (P < .005); higher lactate concentrations after the second and the third day of the second week (P < .01); lower glucose concentrations after the third day of the first week (P < .01); higher HR, RR, and RT values and lower PLT count after different time points during both training weeks. One-way ANOVA showed significant training effect for ACTH (F = 7.605; P < .0001) and glucose (F = 3.505; P < .001) concentrations over time points. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of dressage training sessions between the first and the second week for ACTH (F = 6.508; P < .001) and cortisol (F = 5.559; P < .0001) concentrations. From obtained data, it seems that the use of ACTH and cortisol changes for the assessment of effects of training in initially 2-year-old horses could be an ideal measure of quantitative and qualitative stress responses. The quantification at the same time of functional responses to stressful stimuli may offer a more objective measurement of dressage training effects.     

Potential treatments for anestrus in gilts and sows

Pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (400 IU) combined with human chorionic gonadotrophin (200 IU) was administered to anestrous gilts (n=31) and sows (n=20) in commercial herds. Two-thirds of the treated animals were mated successfully within seven days and, although no control animals were included, the response indicated that this hormone combination would be useful in herds with anestrous problems. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of estrus and/or ovulations in prepuberal gilts (n=eight/treatment) following injection with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin/human chorionic gonadotrophin or other hormones that might stimulate ovarian activity. The pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin/human chorionic gonadotrophin combination and follicle-stimulating hormone produced estrus within ten days of injection in at least half of the treated gilts but the response was lower with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and a prostaglandin analogue. Combinations of human chorionic gonadotrophin with small amounts of estradiol benzoate stimulated estrus and ovulation in most of the treated gilts.