无刺大果沙棘嫩枝扦插快速繁育技术要点

<正>沙棘为雌雄异株的风媒传粉灌木.用种子繁殖时,不仅其子代不能保持原有母株的优良性状,且有1/2以上是雄株,开花结果前雌雄难分,造林时会导致雌雄株搭配不合理,浪费土地资源,经济效益低.而采用扦插繁殖时能保留其母本的优良性状.但若想大量发展,就得需要相应数量的枝条.目前,我们靠外引培育的无刺大果沙棘优良品种数量不多,扦插材料十分紧缺.如何利用较少的扦插材料,尽快繁殖更多的优良沙棘品种,是我国沙棘事业发展的迫切需要.近几年我们在当地通过对辽阜1号、辽阜2号无刺大果沙棘嫩枝扦插技术的研究,逐渐摸索出一套充分利用材料资源、提高成活率、快速繁殖沙棘优良品种的技术.现将其技术要点介绍如下.     

能源物种小桐子的繁殖技术与应用价值

介绍能源物种小桐子的生物学与生态学特征、繁殖技术和应用价值等,指出小桐子综合开发与可持续利用的广阔发展前景。     

月见草离体快繁的初步研究

月见草(Oenothera erythrosepala Borb)是传统的药用植物、重要的油料植物及芳香植物和常见的观赏花卉植物,为国内外广泛利用[1].近几年由于人为采集,野生资源逐年减少,需要采用繁殖方式扩大种苗供应.目前市场上主要采用人工栽培的繁殖手段[2],这样既浪费了人力又占用了大量的土地.为此笔者在离体快繁上做了初步研究,以期为大规模商业化生产提供参考.     

黄土高原半干旱区雨洪资源高效管理利用技术模式研究

根据黄土高原半干旱区的水资源特点,以最基本的地形单元——塬面和沟道为基础,提出了塬面雨洪资源村社高效管理集中收集利用技术模式、"高效净化型庭院经济式"管理利用技术模式、生态水箱式道路雨洪资源蓄集利用系统技术模式、道路雨洪高效收集生态灌溉技术模式,以及沟道雨洪资源单坝利用技术模式、多坝利用技术模式和坝库联蓄高效利用技术模式。通过对各技术模式的推广和应用,可使雨洪资源的利用效率提高40%、蓄水效率提高40%、保土效率提高34%、水资源保障程度提高26%,这些水资源用于灌溉可使粮食产量增加20%、产值增加20%。这些技术模式的应用为区域提供了安全、经济的水资源,保障了区域经济社会的可持续发展,也为区域雨洪资源高效管理利用提供了新途径。     

重庆市乡土地被植物资源及其园林应用

地被植物不仅可以增强城市园林的景观效果,减少地面裸露,还有利于净化空气,抑制杂草和防止土壤侵蚀。对改善城市生态环境有着重要作用。而乡土植物具有资源丰富,适应性强,繁殖容易,管理粗放等优势,有利于丰富城市园林植物的种类,突出地方特色和保持长期的生态稳定。通过对重庆市乡土坩被植物资源的调查分析,为其合理利用提供参考。     

广西大学国家重点建设学科选登 Ⅲ.动物遗传育种与繁殖学

动物遗传育种与繁殖学重点学科建设 ,是一个以广西地方家畜品种的改良和遗传种质资源的开发利用为中心 ,动物生殖生理的研究为基础 ,动物繁殖技术与动物生物技术的研究与推广为手段的战略发展项目。该学科由动物繁殖技术、动物生殖生理、动物遗传育种和动物疫病防治等研究方向组成。学科点现有教学科研人员3 3人 ,其中 ,正高职称 8人 ,副高职称 1 0人 ,博士学位获得者 7人 ,博士生导师 2人 ,国务院特殊津贴专家 3人 ,国家有突出贡献专家 2人 ,国家“百千万人才工程”人选 1人 ,广西“十百千人才工程”第二层次人选 1人。拥有 1个博士点和 1…     

观赏蕨类植物的繁殖技术

蕨类植物按其生态特点可分为陆生、附生、石生、藤本以及水生蕨类。观赏蕨类植物的繁殖方法包括孢子繁殖、分株繁殖、珠芽繁殖、匍匐茎繁殖、组织培养法繁殖等。对各种繁殖技术作了介绍。     

雨水资源集蓄利用研究进展

水资源危机已成为全球性的问题,如何高效利用有限的水资源,特别是雨水资源,提高雨水资源的利用率,已被世界各国所关注。在详细阐述雨水集蓄利用的发展历史、概念和理论的基础上;对国内外雨水资源的集蓄技术和高效利用技术及其应用研究进行了系统分析和总结;同时,提出了目前雨水集蓄利用研究发展趋势。     

农作物秸秆在循环经济中的综合利用

针对中国主要生物质资源——农作物秸秆产业一直处于高消耗、高污染、低产出的现状,在对中国秸秆资源与利用状况调研的基础上,分析了秸秆利用技术现存问题,提出了解决的办法,以期为中国社会主义新农村建设中秸秆资源的高效利用乃至生物质技术的开发提供有益的帮助,为节约型社会和循环经济的推进做出贡献。     

马尼拉草坪草分株繁殖建坪技术

从建坪地准备、繁殖季节选择、分株繁殖技术、成坪前管理等方面介绍了马尼拉草坪草的分株繁殖建坪技术要点。     

蓼科、禾本科植物细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的比较研究

以4种蓼科植物(荞麦、金荞麦、虎杖、无辣蓼)和2种禾本科植物(水稻、小麦)为材料,比较研究不同科属植物的细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的差异。结果表明:(1)6种植物叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和根系质膜透性均随着Al3 胁迫浓度增加而增大,禾本科植物的游离脯氨酸含量高于4种蓼科植物,荞麦、金荞麦的质膜透性、MDA含量高于虎杖、无辣蓼、水稻、小麦。(2)荞麦、小麦叶片的SOD和POD活性随Al3 胁迫浓度持续增长,虎杖和水稻持续下降,金荞麦和无辣蓼在25 mg/L Al3 处理时最高,100 mg/L Al3 胁迫明显降低。综合细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的各种特征,可以说明蓼科植物细胞膜透性变化是Al3 引发氧化胁迫的一种受损表现,而禾本科植物细胞膜透性变化是对A3 胁迫的一种适应性反应。     

EFFECTS OF O3 AND SOIL ACIDIFICATION,ALONE AND IN COMBINATION,ON GROWTH,GAS EXCHANGE RATE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF RED PINE SEEDLINGS

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - One-year-old seedlings of red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) were grown in typic red-yellow forest soil (Typic Hapludults) artificially adjusted to pH...     

Identification of a precursor of beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone in the wood of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.)

The 6'-O-gallate derivative of (3S, 4S)-4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-methyloctanoic acid was isolated for the first time from the wood of Sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and shown to be a precursor of cis-beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone. The structure of this precursor was determined by HRFAB-MS, NMR, LCMS, and chiral analysis of the liberated (3S,4S)-beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone on a chiral fused silica capillary column. Optical rotation was shown to be identical to that of the same compound previously isolated from the wood of Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc. by Tanaka and Kouno in 1996. Moreover, the 6'-O-gallate derivative of a threo-4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-methyloctanoic acid was tentatively identified as a minor precursor of trans-beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone in the same wood of Sessile oak.     

Variability of physicochemical characteristics of brown forest soils within the phytogenic fields of trees (the Southern Far East)

The variability of physicochemical characteristics was investigated in the surface horizons of brown forest soils within the phytogenic fields of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) and Korean pine (Pinus Koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) growing in the southern Russian Far East. The relationships between the soil acidity, the type and content of humus, the optical parameters of the humic acids, and the phosphorus content were established as related to the orientation of the sectors of the phytogenic fields of trees and the distance of the sampling points from the trees. The heterogeneity of the soil conditions within the phytogenic fields of the tree species studied was assessed.     

Adaptive strategy of six native herbaceous species growing over the whole region of Mt. Daisen: characteristics of N,P, K,Ca, and Mg accumulation in leaves

The number of native species growing at all altitudes on Mt. Daisen, which is the highest mountain in the Chugoku District of Japan, is seven. Since soil physical and chemical properties and climate vary due to differences of elevation and habitat, it is logical to assume that they have an adaptive strategy to cope with such changes in the environment. To understand the growth strategy in these species, in the period from July 26 to October 17, 2007, leaves of six herbaceous species (Athyrium vidalii (Fr. et Sav.) Nakai, Carex foliosissima Fr. Schm., Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern., Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., Artemisia princeps Pamp., and Plantago asiatica L.) were sampled at the different altitudes [Site A; 850?m, Site B; 1200?m, Site C; 1500?m above sea level (a.s.l.)] and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were determined. Soil chemical properties at sampling day and air and soil temperature during sampling periods at each site were also measured. As a result, we could classify adaptive strategies to the environment for those six species into three types. Type I: mineral accumulation in leaves depends on the habitat and is affected by growing environment with the exception of soil mineral concentration (Pteridophyta, A. vidalii). Type II: mineral accumulation in leaves hardly depends on the habitat and the autonomy of mineral absorption is high, although Ca and Mg concentrations in leaves are affected by soil mineral concentrations and cumulative air temperature (Magnoliophyta, monocotyledon, C. foliosissima). Type III: mineral accumulation in leaves strongly depends on the habitat and soil N concentration, but is also affected by the growing environment, and the autonomy of mineral absorption is weak (Magnoliophyta, dicotyledon, A. dioicus, P. cuspidatum, A. princeps, and P. asiatica).     

Discrimination between Japanese and Chinese Products using trace elements concentration of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot

pp. 875–880

The trace-element composition of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in order to distinguish between Japanese products and Chinese products.

Strontium and barium concentrations in the kernels of Chinese products were 10 or more times those of the Japanese ones. When based on 8.0 mg kg^?1 of strontium concentration in kernel, 93.2% of sample was distinguished as Japanese products or Chinese ones.

Applying principal component analysis using 9 elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Ba, Sr, Cu, Co, Cr), the pickled Japanese apricots tend to separate into two countries. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using 9 elements allowed a reasonable classification of pickled Japanese apricots according to the country of production.

The result of the analysis of K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was better than that of LDA.     

Mumefural, citric acid derivative improving blood fluidity from fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc).

The effects of food components on blood fluidity were studied by in vitro assay using a dedicated microchannel instrument for model capillaries. We found that the fruit-juice concentrate of the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc), a traditional Japanese food, markedly improved the fluidity of human blood. Using HPLC, we isolated the active compounds and characterized them using UV, MS, IR, and NMR. They included a novel compound, 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl] dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2, 3-tricarboxylate (mumefural), and a related compound, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF). Mumefural markedly improved blood fluidity in all subjects, while HMF worked differently in different individuals. The flow rate of blood spiked with mumefural or HMF was compared to that of the two predominant organic acids in the fruit. Citric acid, malic acid, and furfuryl alcohol also improved fluidity in all subjects. The activity of P. mume is derived from not only artifacts produced during thermal processing, such as mumefural, but also from endogenous organic acids.     

施用硼肥对杏树落花落果的影响

Effect of boron on falling of prunes (Prunus mune,Sieb,et Zucc) was studied by applying 50g borate per tree into soil on december 15,1993(soil-B) and spraying leaves leves evenly twice with 1.5g kg^-1 borate solution on March 1 and 8,1994(spray-B) on the soil with 0.28mg kg^-1 rapidly available B.Compared with no borate treatment (CK),B concentrations of leaves,short branches and flowers were higher and the percentage of flower and fruit drop was lower in the treatments of soil-B and spray-B.B fertilizer increased B concentrations in flowers,leaves and short branches,promoted pollen germination,reduced the percentage of fall of flowers and fruits of prunes,increased the percentage of fertile fruits,and thus increased yields of prunes by 46% and 34.3% in the treatments of soil-B and spray-B,respectively.It could be inferred preliminarily that if B concentration of leaves was lower than 35 mgkg^-1,the prunes should be fertilized with B.The measured leaves should be picked from branches(3-10cm in legnth)germinating from the central section of a tree crown during the last ten days of May to the early days of June.     

Evaluation of the potential hypoglycemic and Beta-cell protective constituents isolated from Corni fructus to tackle insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Corni fructus is the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and has attracted much interest due to its traditional applications and active fraction that reportedly possesses antidiabetic effects. In this study, we isolated 12 compounds from Corni fructus including three flavonoids, two iridoid glycosides, three phenolic compounds, and two triterpenoids, together with cornuside (11) and 2-butoxybutanedioic acid (12). Chemical structures were identified by (1)H, (13)C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectral analyses. Furthermore, the glucose uptake efficiency, messenger (m)RNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and prevention of cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity in the presence of test agents were evaluated. While CH and CB significantly increased glucose uptake from muscle, compounds 3 and 8, each at 50 μM, significantly suppressed PEPCK mRNA expression. Finally, compound 5, at 50 and 100 μM, effectively attenuated β-cell death. In conclusion, those compounds could contribute to the antihyperglycemic and β-cell-protective actions of Corni fructus against diabetes mellitus.     

豆科灌木固氮量的评估

N2-fixation percentages in the aerial parts of the first and second cuttings of five species of leguminous shrub plants.i.e.Lespedeza formosa(Vog.) Koehne from Jiangxi,Lespedeza pilosa(Thunb.) Sieb et Zucc.,Lespedeza formosa(Vog.) Koehne from Zhejiang,Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp.and Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats.Of three genera were investigated in terms of pot culture experiment using natural 15N abundance method with Bischofia javanica B1,Camptotheca acuminatas Decne,and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis as reference plants.Results showed that the N2-fixation percnetages were different for the three genera of leguminous shrubs but almost the same for three species in the same genus.I.pseudotinctoria Mats.had the highest N2-fixation percentage in its aerial part,and then followed by Lespedeza and C.cajan,The N2-fixation percentages in the aerial parts of the plants that had grown for three years tended to be lower than those of the one-year-old plants except.L.formosa(Vog),Koehne from zhejiang and L.formosa(vog,)Koghne from Jiangxi.