登记防治小麦赤霉病的农药品种

<正>截至2015年2月底,在我国登记防治小麦赤霉病的农药品种主要包括:一、单剂:多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、福美双、咪鲜胺、氰烯菌酯、己唑醇、氨基寡糖素、低聚糖素等。二、复配制剂:多菌灵·三唑酮、多菌灵·戊唑醇、多菌灵·咪鲜胺、多菌灵·井冈霉素、多菌灵·硫磺、多菌灵·烯肟菌酯、多菌灵·烯唑醇、多菌灵·氟环唑、甲基硫菌     

丙硫菌唑和叶菌唑成为防治小麦赤霉病新选择

<正>目前,药剂防治是减轻小麦赤霉病发生程度的关键。据中国农药信息网数据显示,我国登记用于小麦赤霉病的制剂产品共309个(截至2019年8月),其中登记数量较多的为甲基硫菌灵、多·酮、戊唑·咪鲜胺、多菌灵、戊唑·多菌灵、福美双,占到了总登记证数量的61.56%,涉及相关的活性成分有30种,主要为多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺、福美双、三唑酮、氟环唑、己唑醇、硫磺、井冈毒素、烯肟菌酯、氰烯菌酯以及2019年最新批准的丙硫菌唑等。     

农药使用与植保技术问与答

<正>问:早稻纹枯病如何防治?答:防治纹枯病可选用10%己唑醇悬浮剂或30%苯甲·丙环唑乳油或20%井冈霉素可湿性粉剂。问:早稻穗瘟病如何防治?答:预防早稻穗瘟病可选用75%三环唑可湿性粉剂或40%稻瘟灵乳油或30%稻瘟酰胺悬浮剂。问:能用甲霜·种菌唑浸水稻种子吗?用量多少?答:麦德梅农业解决方案有限公司的4.23%甲霜·种菌唑微乳剂,含甲霜灵1.88%、种菌唑2.35%,登记用于水稻拌种     

农药使用与植保技术问与答

<正>问:小麦田化除时能否加用戊唑醇、己唑醇、井冈霉素、噻呋酰胺等防治小麦纹枯病的药?有一年小麦田化除时加用了苯甲·丙环唑,结果把麦苗打死了。答:小麦春季化除通常在返青期至拔节之前施药,纹枯病一般在小麦拔节前后施药防治。如果小麦长势正常,所用除草剂安全性较好,可以考虑在春季化除时适当加用戊唑醇、己唑醇、噻呋酰胺等持效期长的药防治纹枯病。井冈霉素持效期较短,麦田化除时距离纹枯病发生通常还有一段时间,加用持效期较短的药防治纹枯病意义不大。戊唑醇、己唑醇、苯甲·丙环唑等三唑类     

防治小麦赤霉病药剂评述

<正>在我国目前获得防治麦类及小麦赤霉病登记的药剂共384个,其中登记数量较多的为多菌灵(101个登记证)、戊唑醇·咪鲜胺(35个登记证)、戊唑醇·多菌灵(18个登记证)甲基硫菌灵(60个登记证)、多·酮(34个登记证)、福美双(12个登记证),占到了总登记证数量的67.7%。从登记产品结构来看,产品主要集中在多菌灵及其复配,甲基硫菌灵及其复配,戊唑醇和咪鲜胺复配。     

不同杀菌剂对库尔勒香梨树腐烂病的防效研究

本研究采用刮治法和划痕法防治库尔勒香梨树腐烂病．从药剂的抑菌作用和田间药效试验分析比较不同杀菌剂的药效．通过2年的重复对比试验,结果表明,3％甲基硫菌灵糊剂（新果康宝）和2．12％腐植酸铜水剂对香梨树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果较好．刮治法对伤口愈合效果最好的是25％吡唑醚菌酯乳油．其次是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂：划痕法对伤口愈合效果最好的是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂．其次是25％吡唑醚菌酯乳油：从抑菌作用及愈合作用的综合角度考虑．刮治法效果最好的是2．12％腐植酸铜水剂,其次是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂：划痕法效果最好的是43％戊唑醇悬浮剂．其次是3％甲基硫菌灵糊剂（新果康宝）。     

六种不同药剂对小麦纹枯病防治效果的研究

本试验通过对市场上 6 种药剂对纹枯病防治效果的观察发现:小麦返青拔节期施用 250 g/L 丙环唑乳油、75%肟菌·戊唑醇 悬浮剂、240 g/L 噻呋酰胺悬浮剂 SC、25%苯甲·丙环唑水乳剂四种药剂 24d 均能降低小麦纹枯病茎率,对小麦纹枯病有一定的预防作用。药剂施用 49d 时,25%苯甲·丙环唑水乳剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂、噻呋酰胺·氟环唑能够降低纹枯病病情指数;三种药剂处理的病情指数病均低于 21%且病指防效在 5%以上。药剂施用 78d 时,各处理的病茎率均 96%以上,且与对照差异不显著;各处理与对照病情指数均在 30%左右,仅有噻呋酰胺·氟环唑处理的病指防效相对较好为 3.32%。各处理产量与对照无显著差异。     

2株甘薯强致病力镰刀菌的室内药剂筛选

爪哇镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌对甘薯具有强致病力，为了筛选对2种病原菌防效较好的药剂，采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、腐酶利、肟菌·戊唑醇、唑醚·代森联、咪鲜胺、中生菌素和四霉素对2株甘薯致病镰刀菌的室内毒力。结果表明，对爪哇镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用最强的为四霉素和咪鲜胺，EC₅₀分别为1.292、2.145μg/mL，其次为中生菌素和肟菌·戊唑醇，EC₅₀分别为16.652、28.641μg/mL，腐酶利、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和唑醚·代森联对爪哇镰刀菌菌株的抑制作用最差，EC₅₀分别为440.540、637.120、680.765μg/mL和22385.367μg/mL；对尖孢镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用最强的为四霉素、咪鲜胺和肟菌·戊唑醇，EC₅₀分别为0.03、0.131μg/mL和0.177μg/mL，其次为中生菌素和多菌灵，EC₅₀分别为3.66、14.408μg/mL。甲基硫菌灵和唑醚·代森联对尖孢镰刀菌菌株菌丝生长抑制作用较差，EC₅₀分...     

嘧菌酯不适宜防治小麦赤霉病将戊唑醇与多菌灵等药混用防病效果好

<正>据长江大学农学院翟平平等人试验,选取己唑醇、戊唑醇、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和多菌灵5种药剂,采用生长速率法进行小麦赤霉病杀菌剂的室内筛选试验,结果表明:戊唑醇抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.515毫克/升;其次是多菌灵和己唑醇,EC50分别为1.964毫克/升、2.209毫克/升;嘧菌酯和醚菌酯抑菌效果差,EC50分别为84.713毫克/升、16.813毫克/升。另有研究结果表明,用嘧菌酯防治小麦赤霉病,不仅防     

防治稻曲病适用药

据《农药电子手册》,目前登记用于稻曲病防治的药剂中,单剂有络氨铜、琥珀胶肥酸铜、松脂酸铜等铜制剂,三苯基乙酸锡等锡制剂,己唑醇、三唑醇等唑类杀菌剂;复配剂有井冈霉素与蜡质芽孢杆菌(10%井·蜡芽悬浮剂)、三唑酮(15.5%井·酮可湿性粉剂)、烯唑醇(12%井·烯唑可湿性粉剂)、腈菌唑(8.5%腈菌·井可湿性粉剂)、氧化亚铜(42%井·氧化亚铜可湿性粉剂)的复配剂,三唑酮与多菌灵(40%多菌灵·三唑酮可湿性粉剂)、三苯基乙酸锡(20%苯乙锡·酮可湿性粉剂)、氧化亚铜(28%酮·氧亚铜可湿性粉剂)的复配剂等。其中井冈霉素与蜡质芽孢杆菌的复配剂为纯…     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.