脱毒蓖麻粕饲喂育肥猪试验

本试验将100头体重和日龄相近的苏淮猪随机分成两组,试验猪在小猪至中猪阶段（30天）和中猪至大猪阶段（56天）分别饲喂不同营养水平的日粮,试验组日粮用脱毒蓖麻粕代替部分豆粕,对照组日粮不含脱毒蓖麻粕。试验结果表明,试验组和对照组猪的日增重、日采食量和料重比均无显著差异。可见脱毒蓖麻粕代替部分豆粕是可行性的。     

共轭亚油酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选择健康、体重接近的1d艾维因肉鸡360羽（公母各半）,按单因素完全随机设计分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复共72只鸡,分别饲喂添加CLA 0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的试验日粮,以研究CLA添加水平对肉鸡生产性能的影响和确定CLA的适宜添加量.结果表明：在整个生长期内肉鸡日粮中添加CLA影响生产性能,添加量低于1.5%的各处理组生产性能有所提高,但当添加水平达2.0%时,明显降低肉鸡1～35d的采食量和平均日增重（P＜0.05）;对肉鸡全期平均日增重与CLA添加水平进行二次回归分析,得到二次曲线方程为：y=-6.6857x^2＋11.735x＋45.181（R^2=0.9735,p＜0.05）,并对此二次曲线进行求导,可得肉鸡在取得最大平均日增重时的CLA添加水平为0.87%.     

酶制剂对饲喂棕榈粕日粮黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

本研究旨在探讨棕榈粕在肉鸡中的使用效果及与酶制剂联合使用对肉鸡生产性能的影响。试验设正对照组(试验组1:玉米-豆粕型日粮)、负对照组(试验组2:1~21d和22~42d饲料配方中分别添加3%和5%棕榈粕)和试验处理组(试验组3:负对照组+复合酶),每组8个重复,每个重复20羽,分0~3周龄和4~6周龄两阶段饲养。试验结果表明:1~21d对于相同性别的鸡,不同处理对试验鸡的平均日增重、日采食量及料肉比均无显著性影响(P0.05);22~42d试验组3的母鸡在平均日增重及采食量方面较试验组2分别显著提高11.9%和10.0%(P0.05),公鸡无显著差异(P0.05);试验全期使用酶制剂组(试验组3相对试验组1和2)表现出了更高的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05)。综合表明,肉鸡1~21d和22~42d饲料配方中分别使用3%和5%的棕榈粕并同时使用棕榈粕专用酶制剂不会影响肉鸡的生产性能。     

脱毒蓖麻粕鸡猪有效能值及氨基酸利用率的研究

蓖麻粕是蓖麻籽榨油后的副产物 ,蛋白质含量较高 ,但由于含有毒蛋白、变应原、蓖麻碱等毒素 ,使其不能用于饲料中。蓖麻粕经过脱毒处理后其毒素含量降低 ,在畜禽饲料中可适量添加。为了解其有效能值、氨基酸含量及消化率 ,我们采样对脱毒蓖麻粕进行了鸡表观代谢能、猪表观消化能及氨基酸表观利用率的研究 ,为脱毒蓖麻粕在畜禽饲料中合理利用提供科学依据。1　材料和方法试验用脱毒蓖麻粕为采用加热及添加脱毒剂脱毒的蓖麻粕。选用体重 1 8～ 2 5ｋｇ的健康成年公鸡 ,体重 30～ 6 0ｋｇ的健康去势公猪 ,按《鸡饲料表观代谢能测定技术规程》…     

棉籽饼粕工业化脱毒生产技术

我国是棉花生产大国,每年棉花种植面积在５３３万公顷左右,可产棉籽１２００万吨,棉籽饼粕６００万吨,饼粕资源相当丰富。棉籽的主要营养成分有油脂类、糖类、蛋白质等。榨油后的棉籽饼粕含粗蛋白３４％～３８％,是很好的饲料蛋白源。然而,由于棉籽饼粕中含有对人和畜禽等单胃动物有毒害作用的棉酚,尽管我国饲料蛋白质资源短缺,但是棉籽饼粕一直没有得到充分有效的利用。目前,棉籽饼粕在我国除一小部分用作饲料外,其余部分当作肥料使用和通过外贸廉价出口日本等国,造成我国急需的蛋白质资源的浪费。因此,研究适应我国国情的工业…     

不同葵花粕用量对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为研究饲粮中不同葵花粕用量对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响,选择1日龄雌性黄羽肉鸡2240只,分为0%（对照组）、5%、10%、15%共四组,每组8个重复,每重复70只。保证各组的主要营养水平一致,试验共70 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,饲粮中使用15%的葵花粕对黄羽肉鸡前50 d的日增重、日采食量、料肉比均未产生显著影响（P> 0.05）;与对照组相比,15%葵花粕组51～70 d的日增重显著降低了8.8%(P <0.05),51～70 d和1～70 d的料肉比分别显著增加了11.5%、4.3%(P <0.05);5%、10%、15%葵花粕组的全净膛率分别显著降低了2.8%、2.3%、2.6%(P <0.05),腹脂率分别显著提高了31.2%、28.1%、33%(P <0.05);肌胃率分别显著增加了13.6%、14.8%、19.8%(P <0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲粮中前中期使用15%的葵花粕,后期使用10%的葵花粕不会显著影响黄羽肉鸡的生产性能,但使用葵花粕会降低黄羽肉鸡的屠宰性能。     

脱毒蓖麻粕蛋白粉饲喂猪的应用试验

随着我国饲料业的迅速发展,蛋白质饲料原料的供应情况成为影响饲料工业稳定发展的关键因素,为此蛋白质资源的开发利用技术已成为我国饲料工业的重大课题。蓖麻是一种经济价值很高的油料作物,蓖麻籽榨油后的饼粕含有丰富的蛋白质,粗蛋白含量32%~35%。蓖麻蛋白组成中,球蛋白占60%     

杂粕型饲粮添加杂粕酶对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

选择21日龄AA肉鸡360羽,研究在玉米杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶对其生产性能和经济效益的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,共设3个处理,分别饲喂玉米豆粕型饲粮（正对照）、玉米杂粕型饲粮（负对照）和玉米杂粕加杂粕酶饲粮（试验组）,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复40只。试验结果表明：饲粮中添加酶组比杂粕饲粮组日增重提高8.07%（P〈0.05）,料肉比降低12.02%（P〈0.05）,增重饲料成本降低了22.63%（P〈0.01）;与豆粕型饲粮组相比日增重、采食量和料肉比差异不显著（P〉0.05）,增重饲料成本显著降低（P〈0.05）。说明在肉鸡玉米杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶可以保持生产性能不变,降低生产成本,提高经济效益。     

Effect of supplementation on the feed intake and performance of confined and scavenging crossbred growing chickens in Burkina Faso

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossbred growing chickens (Rhode Island Red × indigenous Burkina Faso hens) from 6 to 17 weeks of age, under five feeding/management regimes: (1) CMx(+), confined and given a mixed feed containing cracked maize and cowpea and a vitamin–mineral premix ad libitum; (2) CS(+), confined and offered ad libitum a choice of cracked maize and cowpea with the premix; (3) ScS(+), scavenging from 09:00 to 16:00 with the diet in treatment (2) available from 16:00 to 09:00; (4) ScS(−), treatment (3) but without the premix; and (5) ScO, scavenging only, with no supplements provided. Daily dry matter (DM) intake was highest for CS(+) (43.5 g), and lowest for CMx(+) (33.6 g) (p < 0.05), with intermediate intakes for ScS(+) and Sc(−) of 36.7 g and 36.2 g, respectively. The ratios of intakes of cowpea to maize were 50:50, 21:79, 27:73 and 22:78 for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+) and ScS(−), respectively (p < 0.05). Dietary concentrations of crude protein (CP) were 15.7%, 11.5%, 12.3% and 11.6% of DM for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+) and ScS(−), respectively. Average daily gains (ADG) were 8.15 g, 5.24 g, 6.03 g, 5.36 g and 4.45 g for CMx(+), CS(+), ScS(+), ScS(−) and ScO, respectively, and were significantly higher for CMx(+) (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was highest for CS(+) and lowest for CMx(+). ADG of the males (6.44 g) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the females (5.86 g). Breast and thigh muscle weights were highest for ScS(+) (p < 0.05).     

Influence of varying levels of supplemental cassava root meal without or with groundnut cake on performance of growing Laisind cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of varying levels of cassava root meal (CRM, 300 and 1,000 g), without or with 700 g groundnut cake (GNC) on intake and performance of growing Laisind cattle fed with a basal diet of urea-treated rice straw (URTRS). Twenty-four male cattle of crossbred Laisind (50 % Red Sindhi and 50 % local Yellow, both Bos indicus), from 15 to 17 months of age, 165–175 kg body weight, were used. They were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement (two CRM levels and two GNC levels). Intake of URTRS (interaction, P?<?0.01) and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (interaction, P?<?0.05) decreased as CRM level increased on the diets without GNC but was not affected by CRM level on the diets with GNC. The total dry matter intake (interaction, P?<?0.05) and live weight gain (LWG) (interaction, P?<?0.001) increased as CRM level increased on the diets with GNC, but no difference was observed on the diets without GNC. In conclusion, supplementation of 1,000 g CRM should be in combination with 700 g GNC to avoid the negative effects on URTRS intake and digestibility, therefore improving LWG of growing Laisind cattle fed on a URTRS-based diet.     

低蛋白饲粮不同添加物对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

本试验通过降低生长育肥猪饲粮蛋白质水平2个百分点,其它营养水平不变,并在低蛋白饲粮中添加赖氨酸及复合促生长剂1号,共5周的饲养进行对比试验。结果表明：在低蛋白饲粮中添加复合促生长剂1号,能够显著提高生长育肥猪的日增重、饲料转化率及经济效益,并能超过高蛋白饲粮组;在低蛋白粮中添加赖氨酸,可提高生长育肥猪的日增重、饲料利用率及经济效益,但达不到高蛋白饲粮饲喂水平。     

Influence of sex chromosomes on laying-house performance of chickens

A special population segregating for the sex chromosome was developed to estimate the Z and W sex chromosome effects sampled from a Fayoumi (Egyptian) breed and a heavy‐breed synthetic population. Analysis of 2 years’ data from more than 3000 pullets indicate that both sex chromosomes influence age at first egg with the Z being the more important. Pullets with the heavy‐breed Z chromosome matured 17 d earlier and laid 5% more eggs than those with the Fayoumi Z. The heavy‐breed W chromosome showed a 7‐d advance in maturity but otherwise with no significant effect on egg production.

Although this experiment was designed to estimate parameter differences between two breeds, the design can be generalised to estimate the distribution of genetic differences due to autosomes, sex chromosomes, heterosis and maternal influences both between and within avian populations.     

菜粕、棉粕在水产饲料中的合理应用

鱼粉是水产饲料中重要的蛋白原料,但是近年来,鱼粉资源短缺,价格不断上涨,目前鱼粉的价格已达13 000～14 000元/t,较一年前上涨了近一倍;与此同时,豆粕作为优质的植物蛋白源,其价格也一直在较高范围内波动,其最高价格曾达4 000元/t以上.     

酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验与国内外酶制剂加以比较,观察酶制剂(佳美酵素)对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加300g/t和500g/t佳美酵素在肉鸡生产性能方面显示出了良好的改善作用。     

应用代乳粉培育放牧犊牦牛的生长效果和经济效益分析

通过研究不同营养水平的代乳粉对48头犊牦牛生长发育的影响及对其生产经济效益的分析,发现在本试验条件下:饲喂27%、29%蛋白质水平的代乳粉对犊牦牛的增重效果优于自然放牧牦牛;饲喂29%蛋白质水平代乳品的犊牛生长性能优于饲喂25%和27%蛋白质水平代乳粉的犊牛;对犊牦牛饲喂代乳粉的经济效益大幅优于天然放牧的犊牦牛,27%蛋白质水平代乳粉的投入回报率最高。     

泔水发酵饲料不同添加量对肉鸡生长性能的影响

将105羽60日龄广西青脚麻公鸡随机分为7个组,试验组分别添加自行发酵的城市餐饮泔水饲料10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和100%于饲料中,与对照组(不添加泔水发酵饲料,完全采用昆明正大788型通用鸡饲料)进行比较,通过测定肉用土鸡的采食量、日增重、料肉比、屠宰性能等指标,分析城市餐饮泔水发酵饲料对肉用土鸡生长性能的影响,经过24d饲养试验。结果表明:泔水发酵饲料的添加量从0增加到50%时,各试验组肉鸡的体重均相应增加;完全饲喂泔水发酵饲料的情况下,肉鸡在整个饲养试验期间几乎停止生长;泔水发酵饲料添加量小于50%的情况下,对肉用土鸡的全、半净膛率,胸、腿肌率,腹脂率的影响不明显;各试验组之间鸡肉的pH值、剪切力、失水率、蒸煮损失率的变化无规律;泔水发酵饲料能用于肉鸡生产,其中10%～20%的添加量较为理想。     

饲料原料中污染物对水貂繁殖性能的影响

污染物对水貂的生殖毒性日益受到人们的重视。一方面,水貂的繁殖性能直接关系着养殖者的收入;另一方面,污染物对水貂的生殖毒性在很大程度上也反映出其对人类及其它动物生殖性能的影响。文中综述了污染物对水貂生殖毒性实验的一些研究成果,旨在为水貂养殖及饲料生产提供参考。     

Genetic relationships between feed efficiency in growing males and beef cow performance

Most studies on feed efficiency in beef cattle have focused on performance in young animals despite the contribution of the cow herd to overall profitability of beef production systems. The objective of this study was to quantify, using a large data set, the genetic covariances between feed efficiency in growing animals measured in a performance-test station, and beef cow performance including fertility, survival, calving traits, BW, maternal weaning weight, cow price, and cull cow carcass characteristics in commercial herds. Feed efficiency data were available on 2,605 purebred bulls from 1 test station. Records on cow performance were available on up to 94,936 crossbred beef cows. Genetic covariances were estimated using animal and animal-dam linear mixed models. Results showed that selection for feed efficiency, defined as feed conversion ratio (FCR) or residual BW gain (RG), improved maternal weaning weight as evidenced by the respective genetic correlations of -0.61 and 0.57. Despite residual feed intake (RFI) being phenotypically independent of BW, a negative genetic correlation existed between RFI and cow BW (-0.23; although the SE of 0.31 was large). None of the feed efficiency traits were correlated with fertility, calving difficulty, or perinatal mortality. However, genetic correlations estimated between age at first calving and FCR (-0.55 ± 0.14), Kleiber ratio (0.33 ± 0.15), RFI (-0.29 ± 0.14), residual BW gain (0.36 ± 0.15), and relative growth rate (0.37 ± 0.15) all suggest that selection for improved efficiency may delay the age at first calving, and we speculate, using information from other studies, that this may be due to a delay in the onset of puberty. Results from this study, based on the estimated genetic correlations, suggest that selection for improved feed efficiency will have no deleterious effect on cow performance traits with the exception of delaying the age at first calving.