秸秆覆盖对冬小麦产量及水分生产效率的影响研究

为实现豫西半旱地区冬小麦节水高产栽培,提高水分利用效率,利用农田秸秆覆盖试验技术,研究了3种灌水模式下不同秸秆覆盖量对冬小麦生育期耗水量、作物产量以及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。研究结果表明：秸秆覆盖对千粒重、穗粒数和产量的增长具有明显的促进作用,对公顷穗数的增长具有抑制作用。灌3水处理与灌4水处理相比较,产量与水分利用效率随覆盖量增加明显提高,产量和水分利用效率提高1.0%和1.6%,耗水量减少4%,实现了节水与高产的统一。灌2水处理下不同覆盖量的耗水量和水分利用效率都有所提高,但对产量影响不显著。试验最佳分配方案为灌3水处理与4 500 kg/hm2覆盖量。     

畦田节灌对冬小麦光合特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响

【目的】充分利用土壤贮水和自然降水,减少灌溉水投入,研究依据自然供水状况确定最佳畦灌时期和次数的畦田节灌技术。【方法】试验在播种期水分管理一致的基础上,设置4个水分处理,W0为不灌水处理,W1为灌3水处理(越冬水+拔节水+开花水),W2为灌2水处理(拔节水+开花水),W3为灌1水处理(开花水),研究了畦田节灌对冬小麦开花后旗叶SPAD值、光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与W2处理相比,W3处理开花后旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、干物质同化量及其对籽粒的贡献率均降低,穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量减少,但水分利用效率较高;W1处理籽粒产量及其构成因素没有明显变化,但水分利用效率显著降低。与W0处理相比,W3处理的籽粒产量增幅达16.2%～20.7%。结合关键生育时期土壤相对含水率分析,冬小麦越冬期0～20 cm和0～40 cm土层土壤相对含水率分别不低于65%θf(θf为田间持水率)和66.8%θf时,灌溉越冬水对籽粒产量无明显增益作用。拔节期0～20 cm土层土壤相对含水率降至50.6%θf及以下,即使0～200 cm土层土壤含水率接近80%θf,仍不能满足拔节后冬小麦对水分的需求,应及时灌溉拔节水。开花期0～20 cm和0～200 cm土层土壤相对含水率分别为24.8%θf～35.6%θf和57.9%θf～58.8%θf,及时灌水增产幅度较大。【结论】在冬小麦播种期供水适宜的条件下,于拔节期和开花期实施畦灌,生长季内灌2水,能获得较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,避免过量灌溉。     

非充分灌溉对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响研究

通过田间试验,研究冬小麦在不同生育期缺水以及不同程度的缺水对其生长发育及产量的影响,为半干旱区冬小麦建立优化灌溉制度提供理论依据。通过试验观测:枯水年份,冬小麦各生育期耗水比例相差较大,0~80cm土层的耗水量占总耗水量的绝大部分,总耗水量随灌水量的增加而增大,非充分灌溉对冬小麦叶面积、产量和水分利用率均会产生显著影响,灌水可显著提高植株叶面积,不灌水会显著降低作物产量与耗水量;灌1水的灌溉水利用效率明显高于灌2水和灌3水的灌溉水利用效率,其中以T2处理的灌溉水利用效率最高,边际效益最大;灌冬浇水与拔节水可获得较理想的产量和水分利用效率,在半干旱区水资源不足时,可作为冬小麦最佳灌水模式。     

不同灌溉模式对春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

选用15个春小麦品种(系),设3个灌溉处理,通过田间试验研究了不同灌溉模式下春小麦在产量和水分利用效率方面的差异。结果表明:在适度灌水条件下春小麦产量和水分利用效率最高。生育期2次灌水处理(T2)产量和水分利用效率分别比1次灌水处理(T1)和3次灌水处理(T3)高4.47%,15.76%和10.24%,25.31%。随着灌水量的减少,春小麦生育期缩短,各品种平均生育期T1比T2和T3分别缩短1.33~6.33 d和5~11.33 d,但对不同品种的影响有所不同,张96-49和选920-1生育期对水分差异的反应较其它品种敏感,在3个水分处理间的差异比较大。     

条带种植模式下微喷带对冬小麦产量和耗水特性的影响

【目的】缓解华北平原淡水资源匮乏与冬小麦高耗水的矛盾,解决当地水资源利用率低的问题。【方法】以济麦22为试验材料,在条带种植微喷带灌溉设置了4个灌水量处理:在小麦拔节期、灌浆初期、灌浆中期(灌浆期5月下旬)3个生育时期设灌水15 mm(W1)、22.5 mm(W2)、30 mm(W3)、37.5 mm(W4),以等行距种植常规地面畦灌在拔节期和灌浆初期各灌60mm为对照(CK),分析了不同灌溉处理的耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用特征。【结果】小麦生育期内总耗水量在306.46～399.4 mm,W1、W2、W3、W4处理和CK土壤水占总耗水的比例分别为44.2%、42.97%、41.24%、40.15%和38.41%;随着灌水量的增加,灌溉水占总耗水的比例增加;冬小麦拔节至灌浆初期耗水量最大,占全生育期的45.33%～53.68%,条带种植模式各处理在播种至灌浆初期耗水所占比重较大,CK则在灌浆初期至成熟期较大。微喷带灌溉条件下冬小麦籽粒产量随着灌水量的增加而增加,W4处理产量最高达9 682.66 kg/hm2;W3处理的水分利用率最高,比CK提高了7.54%。【结论】微喷带灌溉灌水量在135～157.5mm,耗水量在367.5～400 mm时,冬小麦能获得最高的产量和水分利用效率。     

水氮耦合条件下冬小麦生长和氮素营养诊断

基于2年大田试验,对比研究了不同施氮量(N1:80 kg/hm2,N2:160 kg/hm2,N3:240 kg/hm2)和水分(W1:拔节期和抽穗期分别补灌30 mm,W0:不灌溉)处理对冬小麦地上部生物量累积、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。此外,构建了2种水分条件下的冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,并据此建立氮营养指数模型对冬小麦进行氮素营养诊断。结果表明,一定水分条件下,中氮处理的地上部生物量显著高于低氮处理,且与高氮处理差异不显著;一定施氮水平下,适当补充灌溉可提高冬小麦地上部生物量累积。2种水分处理的冬小麦地上部最大生物量与临界氮浓度间符合幂函数关系,拟合度均达到极显著水平,且在年际间具有较好的稳定性。综合氮营养指数和施氮量与产量的拟合曲线得出,W0和W1条件下,冬小麦获得最高产量时对应的施氮量分别为171和186 kg/hm2。2个冬小麦生长季,W1N2处理的平均水分利用效率分别较W0N2和W1N3处理提高10.57%和14.01%;平均氮肥利用效率分别较W0N2和W1N3处理提高10.97%和55.77%,是合理的灌水施肥处理。     

肥沙混施对盐碱地冬小麦耗水特性与生长的影响

为解析春限一水条件下盐碱地改良措施对小麦耗水和产量调控作用,于2015—2018年连续3个冬小麦生长季,设置耕层掺黄河泥沙(SS)、配施生物有机肥(FF)和掺黄河泥沙配施生物有机肥(SF) 3个处理,以不作处理为对照(CK),研究不同处理下农田土壤水分变化和冬小麦干物质积累规律。结果表明:连续3年产量水平为3 317. 77～5 449. 52 kg/hm~2,各处理间以SF处理的籽粒产量最高,该处理与CK相比,籽粒产量提高35%～51%;总耗水量变幅为352. 85～394. 89 mm,不同处理间总耗水量均以CK最低,以SF处理最高(361. 81～394. 89 mm);农田水分利用效率变幅为9. 01～13. 96 kg/(hm~2·mm),以SF处理最高(12. 02～13. 96 kg/(hm~2·mm)),比CK高33%～48%,其次为FF处理和SS处理,分别比CK高9%～32%、9%～18%。SS或FF处理可增加冬小麦拔节前0～200 cm土层贮水量,增大拔节至成熟阶段的耗水量及其占总耗水量的比例,促进冬小麦对土壤贮水和深层土壤水分的利用,最终提高冬小麦的生物量和籽粒产量。冬小麦籽粒产量与干物质积累量、总穗粒数呈显著正相关;水分利用效率与冬小麦耗水量、产量呈二次曲线关系。在本研究条件下,随着籽粒产量提高,水分利用效率快速增加;而随耗水量增加,各处理间水分利用效率增减表现不同。综合考虑产量、收获指数和水分利用效率,确定掺黄河泥沙配施生物有机肥处理(SF)是本研究条件下的最佳处理。     

微润灌对冬小麦生长和水分利用效率的影响

【目的】探明微润灌对大田密植型作物生长与灌溉水利用效率的影响。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象,采用大田完全随机试验,通过微润灌与滴灌(地下滴灌、地表滴灌)、无灌溉对比,研究了微润灌对冬小麦生长、旗叶特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】微润灌冬小麦株高、干物质质量、群体增长率、旗叶特性、产量、作物水分利用效率及灌溉水分利用效率均高于未灌溉处理,与滴灌对冬小麦生长的影响具有相似性,在灌溉大田密植型作物冬小麦方面具有较强的适用性。与滴灌相比,微润灌节水效果显著,灌水量约为滴灌的3/4,微润灌可延长冬小麦生育期约5 d,也可提高冬小麦株高、干物质量、群体增长率、旗叶特性、产量、作物水分利用效率及灌溉水分利用效率。【结论】为确保冬小麦生长指标及产量达最优,建议实践应用中,在作物关键需水期(抽雄期、灌浆成熟期)应适当增大微润灌工作压力。     

灌溉制度对冬小麦茎基腐病及产量的影响研究

【目的】探究最大限度减少茎基腐病感染造成产量损失的灌溉制度和品种的最优组合。【方法】采用裂区试验,以春季5个灌溉制度为主处理(不灌水对照处理-W0,1水-W1,2水-W2,3水-W3,4水-W4),以3个不同类型小麦品种为副处理(小麦品种为衡观35,济麦22,衡9966),研究不同灌溉制度和品种对茎基腐病感病率、土壤含水率和产量的影响。【结果】不同灌溉制度对冬小麦茎基腐病具有显著影响,W3处理和W4处理相对其他处理患茎基腐病的概率最低,患重度茎基腐病的概率最低,衡9966的抗病性相比衡观35和济麦22要强;小麦不同生育期各土层含水率垂直分布变化较大,在成熟期,灌溉次数越多土壤中未被利用的剩余水分越多;在受茎基腐病的影响下,3个品种在不同灌水处理下的产量均为W4处理W3处理W1处理W2处理W0处理,不同品种的产量依次为衡9966衡观35济麦22;根据茎基腐病的感病率折算出的产量和实际产量,拟合度很高,其中济麦22的拟合效果最好;3个品种在W0处理产量损失最大,W3处理和W4处理较小,且衡9966较衡观35和济麦22产量损失较小。【结论】在茎基腐病影响下建议春灌3水,品种选用衡9966,可以在减少水消耗的基础上有效降低茎基腐病感病率,提高冬小麦的产量。     

覆膜集雨补灌对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

为确定半湿润易旱区垄沟集雨种植模式下冬小麦拔节期的适宜补灌量及探究不同地膜对土壤蓄水保墒和节水增产效果的差异,设置垄上覆普通地膜(P)和生物降解膜(J) 2种处理,并结合雨养(I0)、拔节期补灌20 mm(I_1),40 mm(I_2),60 mm(I_3),对比分析不同地膜不同补灌量下0～200 cm土层土壤贮水量、冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的变化.结果表明:覆膜可显著提高0～100 cm土壤贮水量,处理J在苗期保墒性与P相当,之后显著低于处理P;覆膜使苗期后100～200 cm土壤贮水量显著低于CK,但P,J间差异不具有统计学意义.补灌能显著增加0～200 cm土壤贮水量,处理I_3的土壤贮水量最高,I_2次之.覆膜处理的产量和水分利用效率均显著大于CK,P略大于J,但差异不具有统计学意义.2种不同膜覆盖下处理I_2的平均籽粒产量比处理I_3低1. 50%,但处理I_2的平均水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率较I_3分别提高2.4%和37.5%.因此,垄覆生物降解膜,沟内种植,结合冬小麦拔节期补灌40 mm(I_2)是缓解残膜污染、增产节水的最优处理.     

黑龙港平原区冬小麦、夏玉米节水技术模式适应性模糊评价研究

对3种节水技术模式以生产上的常规灌溉模式为对照进行了技术优属度评价,以期为黑龙港平原主流节水技术模式的推广应用提供理论依据。本研究以模糊集理论和熵信息理论为指导,构建模糊综合评价熵权数学模型,对节水技术模式进行评价。结果表明,黑龙港平原冬小麦夏玉米节水技术模式从优到劣排序为:春2水模式、传统模式(对照)、春1水模式、免春灌模式。春2水模式适宜在黑龙港平原推广应用。     

Yield,water use and root distribution of wheat as affected by pre-sowing and post-sowing irrigation

Irrigation water is a limited resource, and therefore irrigation practices must be rationalized for high water-use efficiency. Little is known about the influence of stored water in deep soils on the water needs and the post-sowing irrigation requirements of crops. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combinations of light and heavy pre-sowing irrigations with two post-sowing irrigation regimes on yield, root growth, water use and water-use efficiency of wheat on a deep alluvial sandy loam soil. Post-sowing treatments consisted of (i) five 75-mm irrigations at five growth stages, and (ii) irrigations based on pan evaporation, i.e. at IW/PAN-E ratio of 0.75 (75 mm of irrigation water were provided as soon as the open-pan evaporation minus rainfall since previous irrigation was 100 mm).The latter regime required 175 mm less water than that with irrigation at growth stages. Profile water utilization was inversely related to post-sowing irrigation water. Where pre-sowing irrigation was light, post-sowing irrigations based on pan evaporation yielded significantly less than those based on growth stages. With heavy pre-sowing irrigation, irrigation based on the pan evaporation yielded as much as five irrigations at growth stages. The former decreased the mean water application by 153 mm and increased the water-use efficiency by 26%. Irrigation based on pan evaporation stimulated greater utilization of stored water by increasing the rooting density in deeper layers.It is indicated that for higher water-use efficiency and yield, wheat should be sown after a heavy pre-sowing irrigation, and post-sowing irrigation should be based on 0.75 pan evaporation.     

Effects of irrigation strategies and soils on field grown potatoes: Yield and water productivity

Yield and water productivity of potatoes grown in 4.32 m² lysimeters were measured in coarse sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam and imposed to full (FI), deficit (DI), and partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation strategies. PRD and DI as water-saving irrigation treatments received 65% of FI after tuber bulking and lasted for 6 weeks until final harvest. Analysis across the soil textures showed that fresh yields were not significant between the irrigation treatments. However, the same analysis across the irrigation treatments revealed that the effect of soil texture was significant on the fresh yield and loamy sand produced significantly higher fresh yield than the other two soils, probably because of higher leaf area index, higher photosynthesis rates, and “stay-green” effect late in the growing season. More analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between the irrigation treatments and soil textures that the highest fresh yield was obtained under FI in loamy sand. Furthermore, analysis across the soil textures showed that water productivities, WP (kg ha⁻¹ fresh tuber yield mm⁻¹ ET) were not significantly different between the irrigation treatments. However, across the irrigation treatments, the soil textures were significantly different. This showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and soil textures was significant that the highest significant WP was obtained under DI in sandy loam. While PRD and DI treatments increased WP by, respectively, 11 and 5% in coarse sand and 28 and 36% in sandy loam relative to FI, they decreased WP in loamy sand by 15 and 13%. The reduced WP in loamy sand was due to nearly 28% fresh tuber yield loss in PRD and DI relative to FI even though ET was reduced by 9 and 11% in these irrigation treatments. This study showed that different soils will affect water-saving irrigation strategies that are worth knowing for suitable agricultural water management. So, under non-limited water resources conditions, loamy sand produces the highest yield under full irrigation but water-saving irrigations (PRD and DI) are not recommended due to considerable loss (28%) in yield. However, under restricted water resources, it is recommended to apply water-saving irrigations in sandy loam and coarse sand to achieve the highest water productivity.     

盐渍土区微咸水灌溉对冬小麦的影响

河北省黑龙港地区储有相对丰富的浅层地下微咸水。为合理开发微咸水资源,研究了不同灌水（灌水期、灌水量和水质）对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：咸淡轮灌与灌淡水相比,早期干物质积累慢,LAI低,但后期积累养分能顺利转移到穗部,灌浆速度较快,也能获得高产。冬后关键期灌水,咸淡轮灌比灌淡水处理LAI较低,但茎叶干物质积累量较多的转移到籽粒中,灌浆速度快,两者籽粒产量无显著差异。关键期灌水的籽粒产量略低于充足灌水处理,而水分利用率较高。在此基础上,施肥处理的LAI、灌浆速度和籽粒产量显著大于不施肥处理。     

Yield and water use efficiency of wheat and cotton under alternate furrow and check-basin irrigation with canal and tube well water in Punjab, India

A 4-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid area to evaluate the response of each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation in wheat-cotton system using irrigation waters of different qualities in a calcareous soil. Irrigation was applied to each and alternate furrow of bed-planted wheat followed by ridge-planted cotton for comparison with standard check-basin method of irrigation to both the crops. These methods of irrigation were evaluated under three water qualities namely good quality canal water (CW), poor quality tube well water (TW) and pre-sowing irrigation to each crop with CW and all subsequent irrigations with TW (CWpsi + TW). The pooled results over 4 years revealed that wheat grain yield was not affected significantly with quality of irrigation water, but significant yield reduction was observed in alternate bed irrigation under canal water and tube well water irrigations. In cotton, poor quality tube well water significantly reduced the seed cotton yield in all the three methods of planting. The pre-sowing irrigation with canal water and all subsequent irrigations with tube well water improved the seed cotton yield when compared with tube well water alone. However, this yield increase was significant only in alternate furrow irrigation, and the yield obtained was on a par with yield under alternate furrow in CW. When compared to check-basin irrigation, each furrow and alternate furrow irrigation resulted in a saving of 30 and 49% of irrigation water in bed-planted wheat, whereas the corresponding savings in ridge-planted cotton were 20 and 42%, respectively. Reduced use of irrigation water under alternate furrow, without any significant reduction in yield, resulted in 28.1, 23.9 and 43.2% higher water use efficiency in wheat under CW, TW and CWpsi + TW, respectively. The corresponding increase under cotton was 8.2, 2.1 and 19.5%. The implementation of alternate furrow irrigation improved the water use efficiency without any loss in yield, thus reduced use of irrigation water especially under poor quality irrigation water with pre-sowing irrigation with canal water reduced the deteriorating effects on yield and soil under these calcareous soils.     

Competition for water and nutrients in mixed stands of spring wheat

Summary Grain yields, moisture extraction pattern, water use efficiency and NPK uptake were studied with three spring wheat cultivars grown in pure and mixed stands under three irrigation levels. The three spring wheat cultivars produced similar grain yields. None of the mixed stands yielded more than pure stands. Soil moisture extraction pattern of the three cultivars and their binary mixed stands was similar from the top layers, however, more moisture was extracted from deeper layers by the tall cultivar C 306 and mixed stands having C 306 as a component cultivar. The water use efficiency of the dwarf cultivar HD 2160 was higher than the other two cultivars. Two mixed stands, namely, 3 : 1 and 1 : 1 Kalyansona: C 306 had a higher water use efficiency than their pure stands but all other mixed stands were intermediate. The grain yield and NP uptake of the dwarf cultivar HD 2160 were less when it was grown in mixed stands, while that of semi-dwarf cultivar Kalyansona and tall cultivar C 306 were more when grown with cultivar HD 2160 than when grown alone or together. The K uptake of all the three cultivars was adversely affected when they were grown in mixed stands. Two or three irrigations increased the moisture extraction from top layers but decreased the water use efficiency as compared to one irrigation. Grain yield and NPK uptake of the cultivars and their binary mixed stands were more with two or three irrigations than with one irrigation.     

Effect of irrigation application depth on cereal production in the semi-arid climate of southern Alberta

Different water application depths and irrigation intervals were compared for two cereal crops in southern Alberta. Four irrigation treatments and three fertilizer N treatments were applied to soft white wheat in 1987 and 1988 and barley in 1989 and 1990 on a Lethbridge loam. The treatments were light, frequent irrigation for the whole growing season (F), conventional irrigation for the whole growing season (C), light, frequent irrigation until heading, followed by conventional irrigation (FC), and conventional irrigation until heading, followed by light, frequent irrigation (CF). Fertilizer N as ammonium nitrate was broadcast in the spring at 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha^-1. Light frequent irrigations for the entire growing season increased wheat straw yield compared to the conventional irrigation treatment (5211kg ha^-1 vs 4152 kg ha^-1, respectively). Straw yield with F irrigation for part of the growing season was intermediate between the other two irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatment did not affect soft white wheat grain yield. Barley straw yield was not affected by irrigation treatment but barley grain yield was greater for the C irrigation treatment than the F and FC treatments (4924 kg ha^-1 vs 4177 kg ha^-1, respectively). Lodging was evident in the barley crops, particularly with F irrigation in the first half of the growing season. Grain/straw ratios were greater for the C than the other irrigation treatments. Higher water use in the F than the C treatment in the higher water stress years (1988 and 1989) was balanced with greater vegetative growth. In the lower water stress growing seasons (1987 and 1990), higher water use in the C than the F treatment was attributed to deep percolation. Water use efficiency (WUE) was generally not affected by irrigation treatment except for barley in 1989, when lower WUE values in the F than the C treatment were associated with severe lodging.     

Exploring options for water savings in lowland rice using a modelling approach

Water-saving irrigation regimes are needed to deal with a reduced availability of water for rice production. Two important water-saving technologies at field scale are alternately submerged–nonsubmerged (SNS) and flush irrigated (FI) rice. SNS allows dry periods between submerged soil conditions, whereas FI resembles the irrigation regime of an upland crop. The effects of these regimes on the water balance and water savings were compared with continuously submerged (CS) and rainfed (RF) regimes.The crop growth model ORYZA2000 was used to calculate seasonal water balances of CS, SNS, FI, and RF regimes for two locations: Tuanlin in Hubei province in China from 1999 to 2002 during summer seasons and Los Baños in the Philippines in 2002–2003 during dry seasons. The model was first parameterized for site-specific soil conditions and cultivar traits and then evaluated using a combination of statistical and visual comparisons of observed and simulated variables. ORYZA2000 accurately simulated the crop variables leaf area index, biomass, and yield, and the soil water balance variables field water level and soil water tension in the root zone.Next, a scenario study was done to analyse the effect of water regime, soil permeability, and groundwater table depth on irrigation requirement and associated rice yield. For this study historical weather data for both sites were used.Within seasons, the amount of irrigation water application was higher for CS than for any of the water-saving regimes. It was found that groundwater table depth strongly affected the water-yield relationship for the water-saving regimes. Rainfed rice did not lead to significant yield reductions at Tuanlin as long as the groundwater table depth was less than 20 cm. Simulations at Los Baños with a more drought tolerant cultivar showed that FI resulted in higher yields than RF thereby requiring only 420 mm of irrigation.The soil type determined the irrigation water requirement in CS and SNS regimes. A more permeable soil requires around 2000 mm of irrigation water whereas less permeable, heavy soil types require less than half of this amount. We conclude that water savings can be considerable when water regimes are adapted to soil characteristics and rainfall dynamics. To further optimize water-saving regimes in lowland rice, groundwater table dynamics and soil permeability should be taken into account.     

不同灌水处理对冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响

1998～ 1 999年在山东省桓台县进行了冬小麦节水灌溉试验。通过对冬小麦生长动态观测表明 :减少灌水量可以促进冬小麦发育。起身拔节水对冬小麦株高有显著影响。叶面积指数、冠层干物重、根系总量随着灌水量的增加而增加。各处理冬小麦根系总量的 80 %以上分布在 0～ 2 0 cm土层内。随着灌水次数的增加 ,灌水量的增多 ,灌溉水的利用效率逐渐减小。全生育期浇越冬水、起身拔节水、开花水的处理经济产量最高 ,达到 771 6.7kg/hm2 ,水分利用效率最大 ,达到 1 5 .92 kg/(hm2· mm) ,单位水资源量的边际效率也最大 ,达43 .1 2 kg/mm,单次灌水的最大平均产量为 85 1 .65 kg/hm2。     

不同灌溉方式水稻植株对氮素的吸收利用研究

研究不同灌溉条件下水稻植株对氮素的吸收和利用。结果表明，在研究条件下，薄浅湿晒和间歇灌两种灌溉方式有利于水稻形成健壮的根系、增强吸氮能力，有利于氮素向生长中心转移，增加生长后期叶面积指数和叶片含氮量，提高水稻产量。