Canine CD4+ T‐cell lymphoma identified by flow cytometry exhibits a consistent histomorphology and gene expression profile

T‐cell lymphomas (TCL) are a diverse group of neoplasms with variable diagnostic features, pathophysiologies, therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. In dogs, TCL includes indolent and aggressive tumours such as T‐zone lymphoma (TZL) and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), respectively. Delineation of molecular subtypes and investigation into underlying pathophysiologies of aggressive TCLs remains inadequate. We investigate the correlations between flow cytometry and histopathology of 73 cases of nodal TCL. The majority of cases (82.2%) were characterized as CD4⁺ TCL by flow cytometry. Fewer cases were classified as CD8⁺ TCL (6.8%) or CD4^?CD8^? TCL (11.0%). All cases, regardless of immunophenotype, exhibited conserved histologic features consistent with the WHO classification of PTCL. Histologic subsets of PTCL corresponding to immunophenotypic features were not identified. Neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry correlated significantly with mitotic rate. RNA‐seq was performed on a subset of CD4⁺ PTCL cases (n = 6) and compared with sorted control CD4⁺ T‐cells. The gene expression pattern of CD4⁺ PTCL was similar between all cases regardless of breed. PTCL was enriched in pathways representing G‐coupled protein receptor signalling, extracellular matrix remodelling and vascular development, immune signalling and mitotic activity. Furthermore, global gene expression changes were consistent with downregulation of PTEN signalling and upregulation of the MTOR‐PI3K‐ATK axis. In this study, we evaluated the correlations between flow cytometry, histopathology and gene expression within a large cohort of nodal TCLs. We further demonstrate the ability of flow cytometry to identify a subtype of T‐cell lymphoma, CD4+ PTCL, with a uniform histomorphology and gene expression profile.     

AA肉鸡血液CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的变化规律

采用流式细胞仪检测1、3、5、7、14、21、28、35、42、49日龄AA肉鸡血液中的CD3、CD4、CD8阳性T细胞比例。研究结果表明:1～5日龄T细胞逐渐进入血液参与细胞免疫,7、21日龄注射疫苗起免疫应答作用,28日龄后基本形成稳固的细胞免疫水平。     

犬脂肪来源间充质干细胞对重症急性胰腺炎体外内质网应激模型的抗凋亡作用

【目的】 探究犬脂肪组织来源的间充质干细胞(cAd-MSCs)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)体外模型的抗凋亡作用,以期为利用干细胞治疗胰腺炎提供理论指导。【方法】 ①用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化分离cAd-MSCs,用流式细胞术鉴定其干细胞标志物CD29、CD34、CD44、CD45、CD73和CD90的表达,用成脂、成骨和成软骨分化来鉴定其多向分化潜能;②用Ⅰ型胶原酶从小鼠胰腺组织中分离胰腺腺泡细胞(PACs),用实时荧光定量PCR检测PACs及胰腺组织中胰腺导管特异性基因CK19、β-胰岛细胞特异性细胞基因Insulin-1、α-胰岛细胞特异性基因Glucagon及PAC特异性基因PTF-1α、CPA-1、AMY2B的表达;③以10、20 μg/mL脂多糖(LPS),10、100 mmol/L雨蛙肽(Caerulein)以及10 μg/mL LPS+100 mmol/L Caerulein处理PACs,不添加药物培养的细胞为对照组,培养24 h后使用CCK-8检测PACs存活率,筛选体外构建内质网应激模型的最佳处理组(即模型组,P);用CCK-8检测对照组(Naive)及模型组(P)细胞0、2、4、8、12和24 h的存活率,Western blotting检测P组细胞内质网应激相关蛋白的相对表达量;④为确定cAd-MSCs对PACs的作用方式,试验分为PAC组(仅PACs,Naive)、P组、间接共培养组(IC)、直接共培养组(构建PAC模型时与cAd-MSCs直接共培养,DC),用实时荧光定量PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)基因在PACs中的表达水平;⑤在间接共培养系统中,将细胞分为空白对照组(仅PACs,Naive)、对照组(PACs与cAd-MSCs共培养,C)、P组及试验组(药物处理的PACs与cAd-MSCs细胞共培养,T),细胞培养12 h后,通过实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting检测各组细胞内质网应激相关基因及蛋白表达水平的变化,并用TUNEL法检测各组细胞的凋亡情况。【结果】 ①分离培养的cAd-MSCs呈现成纤维样细胞形态,高表达干细胞标志物CD29、CD44、CD73及CD90,不表达CD34和CD45,且具备成脂、成骨、成软骨分化能力;②分离的原代PACs呈鹅卵石样,与胰腺组织相比较,AMY2B、CPA1、PTF1α基因的相对表达量均显著增加(P<0.05),CK19、Glucagon、Insulin-1基因的相对表达量均极显著降低(P<0.01)。③与对照组相比,10 μg/mL LPS+100 mmol/L Caerulein组细胞存活率极显著降低(P<0.01),因此选为构建内质网应激模型的最佳处理组。与对照组相比,4 h时P组PACs的细胞存活率显著降低(P<0.05),8、12、24 h均极显著降低(P<0.01);Western blotting检测结果显示,Grp78、CHOP、Caspase-12蛋白的表达水平自4 h开始均极显著增加(P<0.01)。④与Naive组相比,P组TNF-α基因的表达水平极显著增加(P<0.01);与P组相比,IC和DC组TNF-α基因表达水平均极显著降低(P<0.01),后续用间接共培养系统进行试验。⑤在间接共培养系统中,与P组相比,T组Grp78、Caspase-12和CHOP mRNA及蛋白的相对表达量均极显著降低(P<0.01)。TUNEL检测结果显示,T组阳性细胞数明显减少。【结论】 本试验成功构建SAP体外内质网应激模型,且证明cAd-MSCs对PACs内质网应激具有调控及保护作用。     

外周血中CD4+、CD8+T、CD4+CD25+Treg在绵羊接种布鲁氏菌M5-90弱毒疫苗后的动态变化

为研究绵羊接种布鲁氏菌弱毒M5-90株后外周血中CD4+、CD8+T、CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的动态变化规律,本研究选择11只健康绵羊,每10 d免疫一次,共免疫3次,分别在免疫前、免疫后10d、20 d、30 d利用流式细胞术检测外周血中CD4+、CD8+T、CD4+CD25+Treg淋巴细胞亚群.在免疫后的第20 d,CD4+T、CD8+T细胞百分含量达到最高水平(P＜0.05)后均缓慢下降;在第10d,CD4+CD25+Treg细胞缓慢升高,至20 d、30 d均显著升高(p＜0.05);在布鲁氏菌M5-90疫苗免疫应答过程中CD4+CD25+Treg细胞参与了机体的免疫反应调控,对CD4+T、CD8+T淋巴细胞的比例进行调节,并且维持CD4+/CD8+比值稳定,起到平衡Th1/Th2细胞间反应的作用.     

The Localization Changes of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Chicken Lung at Different Ages

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune state of chicken lung in different periods.With lung tissue of Hy-line White chicken at different ages,the distribution and quantity changes of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in lung were studied using immunohistochemistry staining.The results showed that CD8⁺T lymphocytes appeared firstly in embryonic at 18 d,while CD4⁺T lymphocytes appeared at 1-day-old chicken.At 4-day-old,there were aggregates of lymphocytes at the junction of the primary and secondary bronchi,which formed obvious broncho-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).CD4⁺T lymphocytes of each age mainly occupied the central area of BALT,while CD8⁺T lymphocytes mainly surrounded the periphery.Since 56 days old,CD8⁺T lymphocytes are distributed in the inner wall of third-order bronchial airway,atrial septum,gas exchange area and interlobular connective tissue,and are distributed throughout the lung.In terms of quantity change,with the growth of daily age,the number of CD4⁺T lymphocytes and CD8⁺T lymphocytes gradually increased,and the number of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was more than that of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes before 35 days of age,while the number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was significantly more than that of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes at the same age thereafter.The results showed that the distribution and number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in the lungs of chickens were correlated with the age,and the changes could reflect that the lungs before the age of 35 days were dominated by humoral immunity,while the lungs after that tended to be cellular immunity.     

禽流感病毒HA基因DNA疫苗诱导鸡CD8+T细胞的动态变化

用表达禽流感病毒血凝素HA抗原的重组质粒pCAGGoptiHA5 100μg免疫SPF鸡,用流式细胞仪检测鸡体内CD8 T细胞的动态变化。一次免疫后,免疫组外周血中CD8 T淋巴细胞数目逐渐上升,并于第3周达到峰值,在二次免疫后,SPF鸡体内CD8 T细胞数量上升速率明显高于初免时上升速率,并于第二次免疫后2周达到一个峰值,攻毒后,二次免疫的SPF鸡外周血中CD8 T淋巴细胞数量略有上升,但上升幅度不大,2周时检测发现其下降幅度明显低于一次免疫组。而阴性对照组SPF鸡外周血中CD8 T淋巴细胞的数目则无明显变化,但在攻毒后其外周血中CD8 T淋巴细胞数量也呈上升趋势,但未达到免疫组的水平,并且在1周内全部死亡。结果表明,pCAGGopti-HA5 DNA疫苗质粒可诱导有效的细胞免疫应答。     

Clinical features of canine nodal T‐cell lymphomas classified as CD8+ or CD4−CD8− by flow cytometry

Canine T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable clinical presentation, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and biologic behaviour. The most common types of TCL in dogs involving peripheral lymph nodes include indolent T‐zone lymphoma (TZL) and biologically aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). TCL phenotypes can be categorized by expression of the surface antigen molecules CD4 and CD8. The majority of TCL cases are CD4⁺, with far fewer cases being CD8⁺ or CD4^? CD8^?. The clinical features of CD4⁺ TCLs have been previously described. The less common TCL phenotypes, however, are poorly characterized with little to no information about prognosis. In this retrospective study, we describe and correlate the presenting clinical signs, flow cytometry, and outcomes of 119 dogs diagnosed with nodal, non‐TZL, CD8⁺ or CD4^? CD8^? TCL by flow cytometry. Skin lesions present at the time of diagnosis were more commonly observed in the CD8⁺ TCL group. Mediastinal enlargement and/or hypercalcemia were more commonly seen in the CD4^? CD8^? TCL group. Dogs with either CD8⁺ or CD4^? CD8^? TCLs had aggressive clinical disease with median overall survival (OS) times of 198 days and 145 days, respectively. In both groups, neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry ranged from small to large, and large cell size was associated with shorter OS times (median OS = 61 days). Cases classified as small cell had a median OS of 257 days. Expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD5 were highly variable among cases but were not prognostically significant in this group of patients.     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型体外诱导3D4/2细胞炎症模型的建立

【目的】通过对猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV2）体外感染3D4/2细胞浓度、时间与细胞炎症水平进行探讨,建立PCV2体外感染3D4/2细胞炎症反应模型,以期为后期药物调控PCV2诱发3D4/2细胞炎症反应的研究奠定基础。【方法】将3D4/2细胞分为对照组及10⁰、10^-1、10^-2和10^-3 PCV2感染组,每组3个重复。对照组用DMEM培养,各PCV2感染组用不同稀释倍数PCV2液培养,2 h后均更换为含5%胎牛血清（FBS）的DMEM维持液进行培养,培养4、8、12和24 h后分别收集细胞及细胞上清液。采用Griess法检测一氧化氮（NO）水平,DCFH-DA荧光探针法检测活性氧（ROS）水平,酶标法检测还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,分光光度法检测黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性,ELISA法测定白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IL-10、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、IL-8、单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）以及环氧合酶1（COX-1）和COX-2的分泌水平。【结果】10⁰至10^-3 PCV2作用4、8、12和24 h均能够成功感染3D4/2细胞。与对照组相比,10⁰ PCV2在感染3D4/2细胞4、8、12、24 h后ROS水平均极显著升高（P<0.01）,10^-1至10^-3 PCV2感染3D4/2细胞8、12、24 h后ROS水平显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）;10⁰至10^-3 PCV2感染3D4/2细胞8、12、24 h后,细胞内NO浓度及MPO活性显著提高（P<0.05）,细胞上清液中的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-8和MCP-1水平及COX-1活性均显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,其中10⁰ PCV2感染3D4/2细胞后,各炎症因子水平上升最显著,且随着时间的延长,NO浓度逐渐升高,XOD活性逐渐降低。【结论】PCV2可诱导3D4/2细胞炎症反应,且10⁰ PCV2体外感染3D4/2细胞4~12 h是建立炎症模型的最佳条件。     

Cloning of feline FOXP3 and detection of expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

Feline and primate immunodeficiency viruses (FIVs, SIVs, and HIV) are transmitted via direct contact (e.g. fighting, sexual contact, and mother–offspring transmission). This dynamic likely poses a behavioral barrier to cross-species transmission in the wild. Recently, several host intracellular anti-viral proteins that contribute to species-specificity of primate lentiviruses have been identified revealing adaptive mechanisms that further limit spread of lentiviruses between species. Consistent with these inter-species transmission barriers, phylogenetic evidence supports the prediction that FIV transmission is an exceedingly rare event between free-ranging cat species, though it has occurred occasionally in captive settings. Recently we documented that puma and bobcats in Southern California share an FIV strain, providing an opportunity to evaluate evolution of both viral strains and host intracellular restriction proteins. These studies are facilitated by the availability of the 2× cat genome sequence annotation. In addition, concurrent viral and host genetic analyses have been used to track patterns of migration of the host species and barriers to transmission of the virus within the African lion. These studies illustrate the utility of FIV as a model to discover the variables necessary for establishment and control of lentiviral infections in new species.     

Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T cells between healthy Holstein and Japanese Black calves

Japanese Black (JB) calves are more susceptible to infectious diseases compared to Holstein (Hol) calves. To clarify the immunological differences between JB and Hol calves, expression of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) was examined using peripheral CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and γδ T cells. Healthy calves, 24 from each species, were examined. Blood samples were obtained from calves at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months old, eight calves for each age of each species. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutin (PHA), and T cell subsets were isolated by positive selection using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Levels of interlekin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐γ mRNA in three T cell subsets were analyzed. WC1‐N1⁺ γδ T cell percentages were significantly lower in JB calves at 1 week and 1 month of age compared to Hol calves. In addition JB calves had significantly lower IL‐2, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ mRNA in WC1‐N1⁺ γδ T cells at 1 and 3 months of age, whereas there were no significant differences in cytokine mRNA of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells between the two groups. Decreased cytokine mRNA and cell number of peripheral γδ T cells may affect negatively on the immune system of JB calves.     

Dynamics of CD3+ T-cell Distribution Throughout the Estrous Cycle and Gestation in the Bovine Endometrium

T cells are the dominant lymphocytes in the endometrium and are considered to play a crucial role in implantation and in the maintenance of gestation through cytokine production and immune regulation. The mechanisms underlying immunoregulation at the feto-maternal interface are still obscure for this complex system. Understanding the role of T cells is a key factor in understanding the endometrial immune system. In this study, the distribution of endometrial CD3⁺ T cells in bovines was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The estrous cycle and gestation was divided into 4 stages, and the number of CD3⁺-positive T cells was counted in each stage. CD3⁺ cells were found in the endometrium in significant numbers throughout the estrous cycle and were mostly located in the subepithelial area. The number of CD3⁺ cells significantly increased in the early and mid-luteal phases but decreased after implantation with the progression of gestation. No T cells were found in the placentome or specifically in the tissues near the fetus, including the trophoblastic area. In addition, very few T cells were found in stromal regions close to the myometrium of the endometrium. These findings suggest that downregulation of bovine endometrial CD3⁺ T-cell functions is closely related to the successful maintenance of gestation in a spatiotemporal manner.     

用两种方法生产猪丹毒(G4T10)活疫苗的比较试验

为提高猪丹毒(G4T10)活疫苗培养菌数,采用加NaOH调pH增菌和加吐温-80增菌两种方法进行比较试验,前一种方法生产152批,平均培养菌数为7.7×109 CFU/mL.后一种方法生产50批,平均菌数为1.792×1010 CFU/mL.结果表明,后一种方法较为理想.     

环境低温和T3致肉鸡腹水、肺动脉高压和肺微细动脉肌型化

21 0羽 AA商品肉鸡随机分为 A、B、C 3个组 ,常规饲养。 1 4日龄后 A组鸡正常对照 ,而 B、C组鸡舍温按每日1～ 2℃由 2 5℃逐步降至 1 2℃ ,同时 C组在日粮中按 1 .5 mg/ kg的剂量添加甲状腺素 T3以诱发肉鸡腹水综合征 ( as-cites syndrom e,AS)。结果表明 :低温和 T3能显著增加 AS发病率、红细胞压积 ( PCV)值、右心室与全心室重量比( RV/ TV)、平均肺动脉压 ( m PAP)和厚壁末梢血管百分率 ( TWPV % ) ( P<0 .0 1 )。从而揭示了环境低温和 T3诱发的AS患鸡已发生了肺动脉高压和肺微细血管肌型化     

Sequential preovulatory expression of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-inducible gene,Nr4a3, and its suppressor Anxa5 in the pituitary gland of female rats

Functional relationship between nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (Nr4a3) and annexin A5 (Anxa5), which are two gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-inducible genes, has been established while evaluating pituitary gonadotropes in relation to follicle-stimulating hormone beta (Fshb) expression. However, the physiological variations that arise due to the differential expression of these genes in the pituitary gland during rat estrous cycle remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the Nr4a3 and Anxa5 mRNA expression during the estrous cycle in rats in comparison with the expression of the gonadotropin subunit genes, luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) and Fshb. Nr4a3 mRNA expression showed a single peak at 1400 h of proestrus during the 4-d estrous cycle. Anxa5 mRNA level was elevated along with increased Fshb mRNA expression after the decline of Nr4a3 mRNA until 2300 h. Lhb mRNA expression levels were not significantly changed during the estrous cycle. Notably, addition of a GnRH antagonist at 1100 h completely eradicated luteinizing hormone secretion at 1400 h and 1700 h of proestrus, and significantly reduced the Nr4a3 mRNA expression level at both the time points. These results suggest that GnRH is, at least partly, responsible for the increase in pituitary Nr4a3, and that the interaction between NR4A3 and ANXA5 is required to regulate Fshb expression during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.