复方阿莫西林纳米乳治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的效果观察

为研究乳房灌注复方阿莫西林纳米乳(AMX-LH-NE)治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的效果,将临床型乳房炎奶牛的乳区随机分为AMX-LH-NE高、中、低剂量组和青链霉素组(阳性药物对照组)4组。结果高、中剂量的AMX-LH-NE对泌乳期奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗效果均显著优于低剂量AMX-LH-NE和青链霉素(P<0.05);中剂量组病原菌转阴率与青链霉素组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,可用中剂量AMX-LH-NE治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎,对于临床症状较重的病例,可以适当提高用药量。     

乳痈康复膏临床应用效果试验

为验证乳痈康复膏对奶牛乳房炎的临床应用效果,本研究将试验牛分为对照组和治疗组,对照组不进行治疗,治疗组用低、中、高剂量的乳痈康复膏对乳房肿胀部位进行涂抹,连续用药8d,每天观察治疗效果、每两天检测奶中体细胞数、每天检测每头牛的产奶量,观察期30d。结果显示,对奶牛乳房炎的治疗从第2天开始有效,第4天开始痊愈;低剂量治疗组有效率87.50%、治愈率84.38%,中剂量治疗组和高剂量治疗组有效率100%、治愈率93.75%;各治疗组与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01);中、高剂量治疗组与低剂量治疗组相比,差异显著(P0.05);但中、高剂量治疗组之间差异不显著。低剂量治疗组日均产奶量提高17.62%,中剂量治疗组和高剂量治疗组日均产奶量提高22.18%,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01);中、高剂量治疗组产奶量与低剂量治疗组差异显著(P0.05);中、高剂量治疗组之间产奶量差异不显著。试验结果表明,乳痈康复膏对奶牛乳房炎具有较好的治疗作用,可促进乳房炎转归和提高产奶量。     

公英翘芦散对奶牛乳房炎的疗效观察

为观察中兽药制剂公英翘芦散对奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗效果,选用40头患有临床乳房炎的奶牛,随机分为公英翘芦散高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组以及公英散对照组。每组各10头,用灌胃法对不同组奶牛分别灌服不同剂量药物,每日1次,连续灌服7 d,对治疗前后患病奶牛进行乳样体细胞计数及临床治疗效果观察。结果显示,与治疗前相比,4个组均可显著降低乳样体细胞数(P<0.01);高剂量组与中剂量组与其他2组之间体细胞数存在极显著差异(P<0.01),有效治愈率均为100%。低剂量组与公英散之间则无显著性差异(P>0.05),有效治愈率为88.89%。表明公英翘芦散对奶牛乳房炎有良好的临床治疗效果。     

利福昔明乳房注入剂对干奶期奶牛临床型乳房炎预防效果观察

本试验旨在观察利福昔明乳房注入剂对干奶期奶牛临床性乳房炎的预防效果.选择非临床型乳房炎的泌乳末期健康奶牛共计75头,随机分为空白对照组(不给药对照组),苄星氯唑西林乳房注入剂对照组(600 mg/乳区),利福昔明高(400 mg/乳区)、中(200 mg/乳区)、低(100 mg/乳区)三个剂量组,每组15头.分别在干乳期、泌乳期进行乳房观察,并采用致病菌的分离培养和乳汁中体细胞计数检测临床型乳房炎发生情况.结果表明,利福昔明低剂量组保护率与空白对照组保护率相比差异显著(P＜0.05),苄星氯唑西林对照组、利福昔明中剂量组、高剂量组对干奶期奶牛临床型乳房炎的预防效果与空白对照组相比,差异极显著(P＜0.01);利福昔明高、中剂量组与苄星氯唑西林对照组之间的预防效果差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果提示,利福昔明乳房注入剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎有较好的预防效果,可以作为预防类药物用于奶牛生产中,降低奶牛乳房炎的发生率.     

重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛乳房炎的疗效研究

以85头患乳房炎奶牛共104个乳区为研究对象,随机分为4组,每组26个,分别用重组溶葡萄球菌酶粉低（200U／乳区）、中（400U／乳区）、高（800U／乳区）三个剂量,对照组为青霉素G钠（160万IU／乳区）,每天早晚挤奶后乳池灌注给药,共4d,研究不同剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果。试验结果显示,低、中、高剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶均能有效清除感染乳区的链球菌、葡萄球菌、化脓隐秘杆菌等G^＋菌,大幅降低牛奶中的白细胞数,提高日产奶量。其中低剂量组对隐性乳房炎、临床型乳房炎的有效率和治愈率略优于青霉素G钠（P〉0．05）;中、高剂量对隐性乳房炎、临床型乳房炎的有效率和治愈率显著优于青霉素G钠（P〈0．05）;中、高剂量的疗效相当（P〉0．05）。重组溶葡萄球菌酶是一种很好的治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎和临床乳房炎备选药物。     

地塞米松治疗奶牛临床型乳腺炎的试验

为了探索奶牛临床型乳腺炎的最佳治疗效果,选取非孕娠发病中国荷斯坦奶牛84头,分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组,以地塞米松治疗为主进行对比试验。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组的治疗痊愈率比对照组高64.29%,疗效显著;试验Ⅱ组的治疗痊愈率比对照组高82.14%,疗效显著。结果说明,地寒米松配合抗生素治疗奶牛临床型乳腺炎有明显的疗效,显著减少养殖户的经济损失。     

丹参酮乳房注入剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗试验

为了观察中兽药制剂丹参酮乳房注入剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗效果,试验将甘肃某公司奶牛场的40头乳房炎奶牛随机分为丹参酮乳房注入剂高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组及双丁对照组,每组10头,每日乳室灌注2次(早晚各1次),连续灌注7 d为一个疗程,进行乳样体细胞数(SCC)计数,并结合临床诊断结果以丹参酮乳房注入剂进行临床治疗。结果表明:奶牛连续灌注丹参酮乳房注入剂1个疗程之后,奶牛乳房炎的临床症状大部分消失,乳汁外观正常,产奶量恢复,体细胞数降至正常范围(50万个/m L以下)。说明丹参酮乳房注入剂对奶牛乳房炎有很好的治疗效果,且效果明显优于双丁注射液。     

分煎和合煎对中药乳康灌注液治疗奶牛乳腺炎效果的影响

分别采用合煎和分煎的方式制备两种中药乳康灌注液,通过临床试验比较了两种制剂治疗奶牛乳腺炎的效果。结果表明,对临床型乳腺炎,分煎剂的治愈率和有效率分别为76.0%和88.0%,与抗生素对照组的效果相当,显著高于合煎剂;对隐性乳腺炎,分煎剂用药8 d的治愈率高于、有效率显著高于合煎剂。提示,乳康灌注液对奶牛乳腺炎有较好的疗效,分煎剂的效果优于合煎剂。     

盐酸头孢噻呋乳膏剂治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的疗效观察

为评价盐酸头孢噻呋乳膏剂治疗临床型奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果,试验选择80头临床型乳房炎奶牛,随机分为4组,分别乳管注入低、中、高剂量的盐酸头孢噻呋乳膏剂和盐酸头孢噻呋注入剂,进行临床疗效观察。结果显示,低、中、高剂量的试验组、阳性对照组药物对临床型奶牛乳房炎的治愈率分别为33.3%、71.4%、78.3%和76.7%,总有效率分别为57.8%、85.7%、87.0%和88.4%,治疗效果显著。建议盐酸头孢噻呋乳膏剂临床推荐剂量为,注入300 mg/乳管,1次/d,连用3d,对临床型奶牛乳房炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

芪草乳康散治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的临床疗效试验

为了观察芪草乳康散对奶牛隐性乳房炎的临床治疗效果,试验将患隐性乳房炎的60头奶牛随机分为5组(分别为芪草乳康散高、中、低剂量组,万乳康药物对照组,阳性对照组),并选12头健康奶牛作为空白对照组,从给药前1日(第0天)起,每天观察并按组逐头记录奶牛的精神状态、饮食状况,于第0天、给药后第5天、给药后第10天检测各试验牛的隐性乳房炎的炎症度,分别统计各组痊愈率、总有效率,并在第0天和给药后第10天采集每头牛乳样测定乳脂肪、乳糖、乳蛋白含量,乳密度以及日均产奶量。结果表明:芪草乳康散高、中剂量组的痊愈率、总有效率好于低剂量组(P0.05),略优于万乳康药物对照组(P0.05),极显著高于阳性对照组(P0.01);芪草乳康散高、中剂量组治疗前后的日均奶产量提高了2.03～2.54 kg,且与低剂量组、万乳康药物对照组和阳性对照组均有显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01)。说明芪草乳康散按150 g/(头·d~(-1))剂量连用5 d能有效治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎。     

中药复方治疗奶牛乳腺炎临床试验

从822头奶牛中筛选出65例临床型乳腺炎患牛进行试验,探讨中药对奶牛乳腺炎的治疗作用。将患牛随机分为2组,试验组奶牛用中药复方治疗,对照组用青霉素和链霉素治疗,观察临床效果。结果中药复方治疗患牛33例,治愈26例,治愈率为78.8%;对照组治疗32例,治愈27例,治愈率为84.3%。经统计学处理,用中药复方治疗奶牛乳房炎与常用抗生素的治疗效果基本相同,但成本较低、副作用较小。     

复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂对临床型奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果

为评价复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂对泌乳期奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗效果,在甘肃某两个牛场选择70头自然发生的临床型乳房炎奶牛进行临床试验.将患病奶牛随机分为试验组(n=36头)和对照组(n=34头).试验用药和对照用药分别为郑州百瑞动物药业有限公司和齐鲁动物保健品有限公司提供的复方阿莫西林乳房注入剂.每个感染乳区注入3 g药物...     

Effect of hyperimmunization with an Escherichia coli J5 bacterin in adult lactating dairy cows

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hyperimmunization with an Escherichia coli J5 bacterin on serum IgG2 concentration, incidence of clinical mastitis, and rate of survival to the end of the lactation period (ie, day 305) in adult lactating dairy cattle. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 1,012 Holstein cows in their second lactation and greater. PROCEDURES: All cows were given 3 doses of the J5 bacterin; cows in the hyperimmunization group were given an additional 3 doses during the first 3 months of lactation. Blood was collected from a small sample of cows to determine anti-J5 IgG2 concentrations. RESULTS: Cows in the hyperimmunization group had higher mean serum anti-J5 IgG2 concentrations than did control cows 28 days after administration of the fourth, fifth, and sixth doses of the J5 bacterin. However, mean serum anti-J5 concentrations during the subsequent lactation were not significantly different between groups. The proportions of cows that developed clinical mastitis were not significantly different between groups. However, control cows were more likely to have severe clinical mastitis than were cows in the hyperimmunization group. The percentage of control cows that remained in the herd to day 305 was significantly lower than the percentage of cows in the hyperimmunization group that did. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that hyperimmunization of mature lactating dairy cattle was associated with increased serum anti-J5 IgG2 concentrations and decreased incidence of severe clinical mastitis, but did not alter survival rate of cows that developed severe clinical mastitis.     

中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的疗效观察

[目的]为了有效治疗临床型和隐型奶牛乳房炎。[方法]笔者选用中草药方剂仙方活命饮灌服15头奶牛,通过观察临床治疗效果、对奶质的影响和经济成本的计算。[结果]表明中药复方仙方活命饮对奶牛乳房炎疗效好。[结论]且对奶牛品质无影响,经济效益高于用抗生素类药物治疗。     

中草药添加剂对奶牛乳房炎及生产性能的影响

选择乳房炎奶牛16头，按照泌乳日、产奶量相近的原则随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组奶牛使用抗生素药物治疗，试验组奶牛在精料中添加中草药饲料添加剞代替抗生素治疗。结果表明：试验组奶牛乳房炎阳性率由41．48％降至3．13％，总有效率达到92．45％（P〈0．05）；并且使奶牛平均产奶量相对于对照组提高3．81kg／d（P〈0．05），乳脂率提高0．28％。     

中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎的防治效果及免疫增强作用

选取临床型、隐性型和健康型荷斯坦奶牛共80头,用于中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎的防治及免疫试验,对治疗前后乳中体细胞数(SCC)、乳清中白蛋白(SA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)、嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率和使用前后干奶期乳房炎的发病率进行了研究。结果表明,中药复方灌注剂和抗生素对隐性乳房炎的治愈率分别为94.44%和88.24%,有效率均为100%;对临床型乳房炎的治愈率分别为86.67%和76.92%,有效率为93.33%和84.62%;对干奶期乳房炎的预防效果分别为88.89%和94.12%,而生理盐水对照组发病率高达45.45%。中药复方灌注剂可以极显著降低患病奶牛乳中SCC、SA、LDH、ALT、AST水平(P＜0.01),提高SI和嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率(P＜0.01)。试验证实了中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎有较好的防治效果,能够修复奶牛受损的乳腺上皮细胞,降低受损细胞产生的酶含量和血乳的渗透性,提高患病奶牛机体的免疫机能。     

Animal-based measurements of the severity of mastitis in dairy cows

A range of clinical parameters were studied to assess their usefulness as objective markers of the severity of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Cows with moderate clinical mastitis had significantly higher rectal temperatures and heart and respiratory rates than cows with mild clinical mastitis or control cows. The difference in temperature between quarters did not vary significantly between the control cows and the cows with mastitis, but there was a larger difference between quarter temperatures in the cows with moderate mastitis than in the cows with mild mastitis or the control cows. The hock-to-hock distance in the control cows was significantly smaller than in the cows with mild to moderate mastitis, but there was no significant difference in the distance either between the cows with mild mastitis and those with moderate mastitis, or between the cows with mastitis in the front quarters and those with mastitis in the hind quarters. The mechanical threshold to pain of the cows with mild and moderate mastitis was significantly lower than that of the control cows.     

Initial experience with the intravenous administration of colloidal carbon to cattle in relation to the incidence of mastitis

The influence was studied of intravenous application of colloid carbon to ten dairy cows of Bohemian Spotted breed in the seventh to eighth months of gravidity, as exerted on the health condition of mammary glands and on milk yield in the subsequent lactation. The cure consisted of three i. v. installations in 72-hour intervals; one dose contained 150 mg carbon in 20 ml of 20% glucose. No adverse by-effects were observed in the course of application and after it. During the subsequent lactation period (nine months) the test cows exhibited a better health condition of mammary glands if compared with the control group (ten dairy cows). In the test group no case was recorded of the clinical form of mastitis while in the control group one case of acute mastitis and two cases of chronic mastitis occurred. S. agalactiae was not isolated at all in the test group while in the control group it was isolated in two cows. S. aureus was also isolated more times (in 32 cases) in the control cows than in the test ones (in 27 cases). A higher average counts of cells in udder-quarter milk samples were found in the test group only at the onset of lactation (from the third month after calving), the average counts of cells over the whole period under study were however lower in the test group (1 380 000 per ml) than in the control group (1 234 000 per ml). The average daily milk yield per cow in the test group exceeded the average milk production in the control group in the period of study. An increase by 1.630 1 as compared with the untreated cow was observed in the average milk yield. It has been demonstrated by the results that by the intravenous instillation of colloid carbon nonspecific natural defensive mechanisms of dairy cows, mainly leucocytes, are stimulated, which enhanced the cell readiness to react to infectious process (mastitis) and overall injury of the organism (sepsis).     

奶牛乳腺炎的细菌学研究

在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。     

奶牛临床型乳腺炎致病菌分离鉴定及2种常见用药方案的疗效研究

为了研究奶牛乳腺炎致病菌种类,同时比较青霉素、链霉素合并使用与沃瑞特单独使用在奶牛临床型乳腺炎的治疗中的疗效差异,以100头患有临床型乳腺炎的奶牛为研究对象,对从乳样中分离到的细菌进行鉴定;在同一饲养管理条件下将上述患牛分为对照组（4头）、沃瑞特组（50头）、青链霉素组（46头）进行疗效对比研究。结果表明,致病菌葡萄球菌的分离率为37.0%、大肠杆菌为30.1%、克雷伯菌为 18.3%、链球菌为2.4%,其他菌为12.2%,占比例最高的是葡萄球菌;2种用药方案均收到良好的治疗效果,青链霉素组治愈率为78.26%,沃瑞特治愈率为66.00%,青链霉素组治愈率显著高于沃瑞特组。