BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Diseases of Cage and Aviary Birds. Margaret L. Petrak.
Diagnostic ExpéeArimental des Helminthoses Animates. Informations Techniques des Services VéeAtéeArinares. Jacques Euzeby.
Transport of Animals Intended for Breeding, Production and Slaughter. Volume 2 in Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Editor R. Moss.
The ELISA: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Veterinary Research and Diagnosis. R. C. Wardley and J. R. Crowther (editors).
Practical Animal Husbandry. T. K. Ewer.
Handbook of Bovine Obstetrics. V. Sloss and J. H. Dufty.
Rabies and Wildlife. A Biologists Perspective. D. W. MacDonald.
Epidemiology and Control of Nematodiasis in Cattle. Vol. 9, Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
John McFadyean, Founder of Modern Veterinary Research. Iain Pattison. J. A. Allen.
Proceedings of XII Seminar, Sheep and Beef Cattle Society of the New Zealand Veterinary Association.
Pictorial Anatomy of the Cat. S. G. Ginbert.
Grazing Animals. Editor F. H. W. Morley.
Equine Medicine and Surgery. Editors R. A. Mansman and E. S. McAllister.
Applied Veterinary Anatomy. R. E. Habel.
Beef Production from Different Dairy Breeds and Dairy Beef Crosses. Editors C. J. More and O'Per rail.
Animal Health. David Sainsbury.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article.
Progress in Veterinary Radiology. Acta Radiologica, Supplementurn 319 . Edited by Sten-Erik Olsson.
Principles of Veterinary Radiography . By S. W. Douglas and H. D. Williamson.
Lameness in Cattle . Paul R. Greenough, Finlay J. MacCallum and A. David Weaver     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Vol. 1, 2nd Edn.
A Guide to Canine Orthopaedic Surgery. H. R. Denny.
Dog Breeding: A Guide to Mating and Whelping. Kay White.
An Atlas of Veterinary Surgery, 2nd Edn. J. Hickman and R. G. Walker.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Cat Owner's Encyclopaedia of Veterinary Medicine J. Joshua, FRCVS.
Pharmacological Basis of Small Animal Medicine Ed. by A. T. Yoxall and J. F. R. Hird.
Veterinary Medicine. A textbook of the diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs and Horses (5th Edn). By D. C. Blood, J. A. Henderson and O. M. Radostits.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants Vol 3 Practical Nutrition
Veterinary virology: The Professor Margaret Sabine Virology Course. Advances in Veterinary Virology
Veterinary biology and medicine of captive amphibians and reptiles: Veterinary Biology and Medicine of Captive Amphibians and Reptiles
Growth and development in cattle: Patterns of Growth and Development in Cattle
Laboratory data and biochemical values: Veterinary Laboratory Data . B. Rushton
Laboratory data and biochemical values: Biochemical Values in Equine Medicine . D. J. Blackmore and D. Brobst
Production diseases of farm animals: Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals
Veterinary cancer medicine: Veterinary Cancer Medicine . Numerous authors. Eds G. H. Theilen and B. R. Madewell
Diseases of cattle: Diseases of Cattle A to Z
Tumours in domestic animals: Tumours in Domestic Animals . Ed Jack E. Moulton     

肉用杂交犊牛小肠上皮细胞的分离培养和鉴定

本试验旨在建立肉用杂交犊牛小肠上皮细胞分离培养和鉴定的方法,为研究犊牛小肠上皮细胞营养吸收、免疫调控及肠道屏障功能提供原代细胞培养模型。选用新生未吮乳的肉用杂交犊牛的空肠组织,应用胶原酶Ⅰ和中性酶联合消化法对小肠上皮细胞进行分离,应用相差消化法和相差贴壁法对犊牛小肠上皮细胞进行纯化。通过细胞形态学观察、生长曲线、免疫荧光及染色体核型分析等方法来鉴定细胞。结果表明:1)应用胶原酶Ⅰ和中性酶联合消化法得到的犊牛小肠上皮细胞生长状况良好,经纯化后得到90%以上纯度的犊牛小肠上皮细胞,并稳定传代至10代以上; 2)犊牛小肠上皮细胞的生长曲线为"S"形,符合细胞增殖规律; 3)免疫荧光鉴定犊牛小肠上皮细胞特异性表达角蛋白13和绒毛蛋白; 4)透射电镜观察发现犊牛小肠上皮细胞边缘有微绒毛结构,细胞与细胞之间的紧密连接结构清晰可见; 5)染色体核型分析显示细胞内含有60条染色体,形态正常,呈二倍体核型。综上所述,应用胶原酶Ⅰ和中性酶联合消化及相差贴壁纯化成功得到犊牛小肠上皮细胞,为研究犊牛小肠上皮细胞营养物质吸收、免疫调控和肠道屏障功能提供了细胞素材。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Urban Animal Integration Symposium
Poultry Nutrition Handbook. J. D. Summers and S. Leeson
Sheep and Beef Cattle Society of the New Zealand Veterinary Association     

6种反刍动物常用粗饲料在肉牛瘤胃中的降解规律比较

本试验旨在研究6种反刍动物常用粗饲料(玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、花生秧、大豆秸秆、甘蔗渣、甘蔗梢)在肉牛瘤胃中的降解规律,为其在肉牛生产中的有效利用提供理论依据。选取4头30月龄、体重[(415±20) kg]相近、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的利鲁牛阉牛(利木赞牛×鲁西黄牛)作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋技术评定其干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:1)花生秧的CP含量显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05);花生秧的NDF含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。甘蔗渣的CP含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05);甘蔗渣的NDF含量显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。2) DM有效降解率大小顺序依次为花生秧>大豆秸秆>甘蔗梢>玉米秸秆>水稻秸秆>甘蔗渣,除玉米秸秆和甘蔗梢之间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余各粗饲料之间均差异显著(P<0.05)。花生秧的OM有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),甘蔗渣的OM有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。不同粗饲料的CP有效降解率均差异显著(P<0.05),大小顺序依次为花生秧>玉米秸秆>大豆秸秆>甘蔗梢>水稻秸秆>甘蔗渣。大豆秸秆的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P<0.05),甘蔗渣的NDF有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。花生秧和大豆秸秆的ADF有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料(P <0.05),甘蔗渣的ADF有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。由此可见,6种反刍动物常用粗饲料营养成分含量和瘤胃降解规律各异,其中,花生秧的可利用价值最高,甘蔗梢也是一种优质的粗饲料资源,甘蔗渣可利用价值很低,不适合单独饲喂肉牛。     

单宁的生物活性及其在反刍动物生产中的应用

单宁作为植物源的天然物质,其抗菌、无残留、环保、不易使病原菌产生抗药性等特性,决定了其在动物饲料添加剂领域具有很高的研究和推广利用价值。本文主要对单宁的来源、分类、结构、性质、活性特点和在反刍动物生产中的应用进行综述,以期为更好的利用单宁类物质提供一定的理论参考。     

杜仲叶对绵羊肝脏糖代谢及其相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究杜仲叶(EUL)对绵羊肝脏糖代谢及其相关基因表达的影响。随机选取6~8月龄、体重35~40kg的绵羊(杜泊羊×湖羊♀)12只,平均分为2组,分别为对照组(CTL组)和EUL组(饲粮中添加10%EUL),每组6只。预试期10d,正试期30d。采集血液,测定糖代谢相关指标;采集肝脏组织,用于转录组学测序、糖代谢相关酶及核转录因子的mRNA及蛋白表达量分析。结果表明:1)与CTL组相比,EUL组血浆葡萄糖(GLU)、血清胰高血糖素(GC)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清胰岛素(INS)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。2)转录组学检测结果表明,差异显著基因与糖代谢和能量代谢密切相关,且其在与糖代谢相关的通路中显著富集。3)荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,与CTL组相比,EUL组肝脏胰岛素受体(INSR)及胰岛素受体底物2(IRS2)的mRNA表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),胰高血糖素受体(GCGR)的mRNA表达量极显著降低(P<0.01);糖酵解关键酶磷酸果糖激酶(PFKL)的mRNA表达量显著上调(P<0.05);糖异生相关酶葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)mRNA表达量极显著下调(P<0.01),磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶1(PEPCK1)的mRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.05);调控糖异生的叉头转录因子1(FoxO1)和环磷酸腺苷应答元件结合蛋白(CREB)的mRNA表达量均极显著下调(P<0.01);肝糖原合成关键酶糖原合酶2(Gys2)的mRNA表达量极显著上调(P<0.01)。4)Westernblot结果显示,与CTL组相比,EUL组INSR蛋白表达量无显著变化(P>0.05);FoxO1、G6Pase和PEPCK1蛋白表达量均极显著下调(P<0.01)。综上所述,EUL显著影响绵羊机体的糖代谢,提高糖酵解关键酶基因的表达,抑制糖异生相关转录因子及酶基因的表达,并促进肝糖原的合成,进而降低血糖。     

Progress in extermination of cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.): Summary of the symposium

A symposium on “Extermination of Cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.)” was organized at the Seventh International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology held at Thessaloniki, Greece, on 14–16 July 1975. The symposium dealt mainly with regional or national programs now operating for examination of cattle grubs in several countries, including Canada, Eire, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Northern Ireland, Switzerland, and the U.S.S.R. Besides the papers published in this issue, papers were also presented on “Warble Fly Eradication in Eire” (Thornberry, 1975); “Changes in Immune Response to Hypoderma spp. in Cattle Treated With Fenthion” (Boulard, 1975); and “Eradication of Hypodermosis: Alternatives and Auxiliaries to Chemical Control Treatments” (J. Weintraub, unpublished data).     

克隆、原核表达和鉴定牛重组SHH蛋白

Sonic Hedgehog(SHH)是Hedgehog家族的一员,其不仅参与胚胎发育的基本过程,同时也参与脂肪生成和肌肉生成。SHH在动物肌肉和脂肪沉积上的双向作用提示它是调控肌内脂肪含量(IMF)的重要候选基因。本研究中,使用重叠PCR法克隆了去除信号肽序列的牛SHH(btSHH)基因,然后在大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达了btSHH蛋白。使用镍亲和层析试剂盒纯化了原核表达的btSHH,并用Western blot验证了目标蛋白的正确性。将纯化后的btSHH添加到前脂肪细胞3T3-L1的培养基中,并诱导细胞分化后表明,重组btSHH蛋白能够显著地抑制脂肪沉积过程。本研究结果为未来肉牛生产中应用btSHH提供理论基础。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Up to date small animal practice: Current Veterinary Therapy X Ed R. W. Kirk.
Veterinary microorganisms: Review of Veterinary Microbiology Eds E. L. Biberstein and Y. C. Zee.
Better practice management: Veterinary Practice Management J. S. M. Bower, J. N. Gripper and S. D. Gunn.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Detailed study of fracture radiographs: Radiology of Small Animal Fracture Management. By J. P. Morgan and R. L. Leighton.
Updated internal medicine textbook: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 4th edn. Edited by S. J. Ettinger and E. C. Feldman.
Dealing with emergency cases: Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment, 6th edn. By S. I. Bistner and R. B. Ford.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Techniques of Veterinary Radiography 4th edn. J. P. Morgan and S. Silverman
Dentistry in Dogs and Cats Proceedings number 100.
Orthopaedic Problems in the Larger Dog D. G. Lewis, D. Bennett and R. S. Anderson
The Eye in Veterinary Practice — Eye Examination of the Performance Horse J. Rowan Blogg
Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction 3rd edn. I. Tizard
Companion Bird Medicine Edited by Elisha W. Burr
IATA Live Animals Regulations 15th edn.
The Eye in Veterinary Practice Vol 3 Eye Injuries J. Rowan Blogg.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Behaviour of Cattle, JL Albright and CW Arave.
Equine Practice 3, edited by M Melling and M Alder, WB Saunders Co.
Clinical Veterinary Toxicology, G Lorgue, J Lechenet, A Riviere.
Spoiled. The Dangerous Truth About a Food Chain Gone Haywire.
Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare, AF Fraser and DM Broom.
My Friend Bronty, David Ellsworth Production.
Books and audiotapes received.'The Shetland Pony by Anna Hodson.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Techniques of Veterinary Radiography (2nd Edn), 1979. By J. P. Morgan, S. Silverman and W. J. Zontine.
Drugs in Veterinary Practice. By Spinelli and Enos.
Manual of anaesthesia for small animal practice. Ed. by C. M. Ash and R. M. Furber.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Proceedings of the Denver Meeting of the American Society of Veterinary Ophthalmology
The Clinical Appearance and Pathology of some Congenital Ocular Defects in Collie Dogs: L eon S aunders , D.V.M. Smith
Animal Nutrition and Veterinary Dietetics: A brams , J ohn
Reproduction Problems, Chinchilla Diseases and Ailments: A . H . K ennedy
First Aid: T. J. P ridham
Animal Vision: S mythe , R. H., Herbert Jenkins     

Effects of Diet and Species on the Pharmacokinetics of Fenbendazole in Cattle

Knox, M.R. and Steel, J.W., 1997. Effects of diet and species on the pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (1), 37-43.The plasma concentration profiles of fenbendazole (FBZ), FBZ-sulphoxide (OFZ) and FBZ-sulphone were measured following intraruminal administration of FBZ at 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight in Bos taurus and B. indicus cattle offered three different diets: 100% wheaten chaff, 100% lucerne, and a 50:50 mix of these two diets. No differences between the species were apparent except for a longer time to peak plasma concentration for OFZ in the B. taurus steers fed 100% wheaten chaff. Cattle fed wheaten chaff alone gave greater areas under the concentration-time curve and longer persistence for all metabolites than when the same cattle were fed the other diets. It is concluded that the reduced rate of passage of digesta on lower-quality fibrous diets allows greater time for absorption of FBZ and its metabolites from the gut, thereby increasing systemic availability.