早熟优质草莓新品种‘久香’

‘久香’草莓是1995年冬—1996年春以早中熟、抗病品种‘久能早生’为母本，以早熟优质日本品种‘丰香’为父本进行杂交，经1996-2006年初选、复选和决选育成，2007年11月通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

早熟优质草莓新品种‘久香’

‘久香’草莓是1995年冬至1996年春以早中熟、抗病品种‘久能早生’为母本,以早熟优质日本品种‘丰香’为父本进行杂交,经1996--2006年初选、复选和决选育成,2007年11月通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

早熟优质草莓新品种久香

久香草莓是1995年冬至1996年春以早中熟、抗病品种久能早生为母本,以早熟优质日本品种丰香为父本进行杂交,经1996至2006年初选、复选和决选育成,2007年11月通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

早熟优质草莓新品种＂久香＂

久香草莓由久能早生×丰香育成，属于短日性品种。2007年11月通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

草莓新品种‘天香’

 ‘天香’草莓由‘达赛莱克特’与‘卡姆罗莎’草莓杂交育成。在北京地区日光温室条件下1月上旬成熟, 果实圆锥形, 果形正, 平均单果质量29.8 g, 最大果质量58 g, 橙红色, 光泽强, 风味浓,耐贮运。可溶性固形物含量为8.9% , 维生素C含量为0.66 mg·g^{- 1} , 总糖5.997% , 总酸0.717% , 果实硬度0.43 kg·cm ^{- 2}。     

早熟草莓新品种‘石莓4 号’

 ‘石莓4 号’是以‘宝交早生’为母本,‘石莓1 号’为父本杂交育成的早熟草莓新品种, 其休眠期短, 果实圆锥形, 橘红色, 一级序果平均3617 g; 果实整齐, 肉细, 香味浓, 口感好, 较耐贮运; 丰产, 抗病。     

草莓新品种‘天香’

草莓新品种‘天香’（原代号为‘01—14—14’）是2001年以法国品种‘达赛莱克特’为母本,美国品种‘卡姆罗莎’为父本杂交育成,适宜日光温室栽培,果实早熟,果形整齐,色艳,风味浓,耐贮运,区域试验表明其优良性状稳定,经济价值高,2008年通过北京市林木品种审定委员会审定并定名。     

草莓新品种‘晶瑶’

 ‘晶瑶’是以‘幸香’为母本, ‘章姬’为父本杂交育成的早熟草莓新品种, 其休眠期短, 果实呈略长圆锥形, 表面鲜红色; 果实整齐, 一级序果平均29.6 g; 肉质细腻, 香味浓, 口感好, 耐贮运;抗白粉病能力强。平均产量为330 g·株^-1 , 32 475 kg·hm ^-2。     

草莓新品种‘书香’

‘书香'草莓由‘女峰'与‘达赛莱克特'草莓杂交育成。果实圆锥形,果形端正,平均单果质量24.5g,最大76g,深红色,光泽强,有香味,耐贮运,抗白粉病,可溶性固形物含量为10.9%,总糖5.56%,总酸0.52%,维生素C0.492mg·g-1,果实硬度2.293kg·cm-2。在北京地区日光温室栽培条件下1月上中旬成熟。     

草莓新品种‘宁玉’

 ‘宁玉’草莓是由‘幸香’ב章姬’杂交选育而成,为早熟抗病新品种。果实圆锥形,果形端正,一、二级序平均单果质量24.5 g,最大52.9 g,产量达33 180 kg · hm-2;果面红色,光泽强;果肉橙红,味甜,香浓,耐贮运,可溶性固形物10.7%,总糖7.384 %,可滴定酸0.518 %,维生素C 0.762 mg · g-1,硬度1.63 kg · cm-2。     

Effect of Planting and Harvesting Dates on Strawberry Fruit Quality under High Tunnels

ABSTRACT

There is an increasing demand in the market to improve strawberry quality by promoting human-health compounds content, as these may play a significant role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Strawberry cultivars, environmental conditions, and agronomical conditions have an effect on fruit characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to constantly generate information about the cultivar response to different production areas and cultural practices. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of two planting dates, two harvest dates, and four strawberry cultivars on total phenolic acid (gallic acid equivalent), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and soluble solid content?titratable acidity-1 (SSC?TA-1) ratio in Huelva, Spain. Sixteen treatments resulted from the combination of four cultivars, two planting dates, and two harvest dates. Strawberry ‘Camarosa’, ‘Sabrosa’, ‘Aguedilla’, and ‘Fuentepina’ were selected for both seasons and planted on 7 Oct. (early planting) and 21 Oct. (late planting). Mid-February and mid-April were considered early and late harvest, respectively. Nutraceutical and organoleptic responses were specifics for each cultivar. The highest SSC?TA-1 ratio was observed in ‘Fuentepina’ planted late and harvested early. ‘Aguedilla’ resulted in the highest phenolic content when harvested in the late season. Additionally, phenolic content was significantly higher when using late planting combined with late harvest in most of the cultivars. Late harvested ‘Camarosa’ showed the highest TA concentration, whereas ‘Sabrosa’ resulted in the highest SSC regardless of harvesting date. Additionally, ‘Aguedilla’ and ‘Sabrosa’ showed the highest ascorbic content. Strawberry quality could be improved by selecting the adequate planting and harvesting dates according to specific cultivars.     

Romina and Cristina: Two New Strawberry Cultivars with High Sensorial and Nutritional Values

ABSTRACT

The two cultivars (Romina and Cristina) recently released from the Marche Polytechnic University (Ancona, Italy) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) breeding program, show high adaptability to non-fumigated soil. Furthermore, ‘Romina’ showed very early ripening, conic or bi-conic fruit shape, good taste with high sweetness, high firmness and shelf life, and high vitamin C and folate contents. ‘Cristina’ showed very late ripening, high productivity, large fruit of conical shape, good taste, and high vitamin C and folate contents. The European Union patents of ‘Romina’ and ‘Cristina’ have been transferred to the United States, and nursery production has begun following United States rules to determine future market interest.     

Low Tunnels as a Strawberry Breeding Tool and Season-Extending Production System

Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) are economically valuable and popular with consumers who want to buy them all year round. However, a typical harvest season in most U.S. states is limited to only 3 to 4 weeks. Repeat-fruiting cultivars grown in these states could help meet that demand, especially if bred to be adapted to those states. To develop new repeat-fruiting cultivars that meet modern standards when grown in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and similar regions, a production system utilizing low tunnels over raised white-plastic-covered beds was developed as a breeding tool to enable meaningful selection. The system also showed promise as a commercial production system. Fruit production using repeat-fruiting strawberries was compared with and without low tunnels. Season length was extended to 9 months. Total yield and marketable yield under low tunnels was 188% greater and 313% greater, respectively, compared with open beds. With no fumigation or fungicides, losses to fruit rots under low tunnels was 12% less than in open beds. The cost of materials to construct low tunnels was determined to be recoverable from the increased yield. Management strategies and applications of the findings from this study towards breeding repeat-fruiting strawberry cultivars are discussed.     

草莓叶面积简易测定方法

以透明方格法作对照,分别与叶面积的其他简易测定法(叶长度×叶宽度的系数法、叶长度与叶面积的回归法、叶宽度与叶面积的回归法)比较。结果表明吐德拉(Tudla)叶面积的每种测定方法,以叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,计算公式是=7.0918x-13.4784穴公式中的x是叶宽度,y是叶面积,以下相同雪;鬼怒甘(Kinuama)叶面积的测定法也是叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,公式是=7.3187x-14.3288。杜克拉(Dukela)叶面积的测定法,推荐用叶宽度与叶面积的回归法,公式是=6.6393x-10.6411。y=a+bx^y=a+bx^y=a+bx^     

镉对草莓幼苗根尖氧化系统和基因组DNA损伤的影响

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术和生理生化方法检测镉胁迫对草莓幼苗根尖氧化系统和DNA多态性的影响。结果表明,用5、10和15 mg · L-1镉（CdCl2 · 2.5H2O）处理6 d后,草莓幼苗根伸长及根系中可溶性蛋白质含量均受到抑制,根尖活性氧爆发（超氧阴离子产生速率升高和过氧化氢含量增加）,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,DNA增色效应减少。选用8条寡核苷酸引物（10 bp）对草莓幼苗根尖细胞中基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增,对照组图谱中可分辨出88条RAPD谱带,其分子量为150 ~ 3 500 bp,处理组与对照组RAPD图谱之间存在明显差异,且与镉浓度之间存在剂量效应关系。镉影响草莓幼苗根尖细胞中基因组模板的稳定性,活性氧爆发和DNA交联是根尖DNA损伤的主要原因,利用RAPD技术获得的DNA多态性变化可作为检测草莓根尖DNA损伤的指标。     

Historical Milestones,Current Methods,and Strategies Resulting in Year-Round Strawberry Production in Belgium

ABSTRACT

Strawberry production in Belgium has evolved from being a June-harvested crop grown in soil to a year-round crop grown in multiple production systems, as a result of the development of new cultivars and production techniques. Strawberry cultivation used to be one aspect of diverse family enterprises, but now strawberry farms are specialized. In the beginning, strawberries were only harvested in June. Covering the crop with plastic tunnels allowed the harvest to advance to May. Subsequently, an important innovation was the use of cold-stored plants in year-round plantings, which also allowed later production. This evolution in combination with the development of various cultivation systems using peat substrates (including table-tops, plastic greenhouses, and glasshouses) resulted in a strawberry production period from March until December–January. Recently, interest in assimilation lighting in glasshouses has increased. At first, this allowed advanced production in February, but now even winter production is possible, resulting in fresh Belgian strawberries 365 days a year.     

草莓摘叶处理对果实芳香物质的影响

 对草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch．)‘哈达’品种坐果后植株进行摘叶处理，对成熟果实的糖类和芳香物质含量进行了测定分析，结果表明：不摘叶、摘1/3叶和摘2/3叶3个处理果实GC/MS分析分别检测出43、33和37种芳香物质成分。随摘叶程度加重，芳香物质成分中酯类的相对含量呈下降趋势，而醛类的相对含量呈上升的趋势；2，5-二甲基-4-甲氧基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的相对含量明显降低；果糖和总糖含量显著降低。     

Comparison of Freeze Protection Methods for Strawberry Production in Florida

During strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) freeze protection, the standard practice is applying sprinkler irrigation on plant canopies to prevent and reduce freezing damage. This method is highly inefficient because it uses large volumes of water. The overall goal of this study was to compare the effects of freeze protection methods on water savings, and growth and fruit weight of strawberry. Treatments consisted of the following: sprinkler heads delivering 17 L?min^–1, sprinkler heads delivering 13 L?min^–1, light-weight row covers (21 g?m^–2) on the crop canopy, light-weight row covers on 60-cm-high mini-tunnel hoops, heavy-weight row covers (31 g?m^–2) on the crop canopy, heavy-weight row covers on 60-cm-high mini-tunnel hoops, and foliar application of a polymer (Desikote). There were eight freezing and near freezing nights (≤1.1 °C) at the experimental site during both seasons with a minimum air temperature of –2.8 °C. Minimum temperature inside the row covers ranged between 0.6 to 4.4 °C at the canopy level. There were significant treatment effects on early and total marketable fruit weights. The highest early marketable fruit weight was found in plots protected with light-weight row covers with hoops, heavy-weight row covers on canopy, and foliar polymer, ranging between 5.0 to 5.5 t?ha^–1. For total marketable fruit weight, using non-irrigation methods resulted in the highest fruit weight with 23.0 t?ha^–1. In conclusion, data showed that using non-irrigation techniques provided satisfactory freeze protection under the evaluated conditions and increased total marketable fruit weight, possibly due to reduced injury of fruits and flowers when using alternative techniques.