鸭圆环病毒基因序列测定与分析研究

应用PCR方法从临床健康鸭脾脏样品中分段扩增获得鸭圆环病毒(Duck circovirus,DuCV)TD/41/09株全长基因组.测序结果表明,TD/41/09基因组全长为1 994 bp,含有4个开放阅读框(ORF),其中V1和C1是主要的2个ORF,分别编码Rep蛋白和Cap蛋白;在V1和C1的5 ′端之间存在与启动滚环复制有关的1个茎环结构和2个正向重复序列.遗传进化分析发现,TD/41/09与Ger(德国分离株)、LZ1109(广西分离株)、MH25(福建分离株)、33753-52(美国分离株)同处一个进化分支,而与PT07(福建分离株)、WS-GD010(广东分离株)和TC1/2002(台湾分离株)关系较远.     

鸭圆环病毒基因组序列分析及其C1截短基因的原核表达

本试验参照GenBank登录的鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)基因组序列,设计2对DuCV特异性引物,运用PCR方法从病死番鸭法氏囊中分段扩增出DuCV LJ07株基因组,将扩增片段分别克隆获得重组质粒,测序后得到全长为1 995nt的DuCV LJ07株全基因组序列,与GenBank登录的DuCV基因组序列的同源性迭83.6%～96.5%.经基因结构分析发现,DuCV LJ07株的基因组有6个开放阅读框(ORF),其中V1、C1是2个最主要的ORF,分别编码Rep蛋白和Cap蛋白;在V1和C1的5'起始端之间有与启动滚环复制有关的一茎环结构和2个正向重复序列.本试验同时还构建了去除核定位信号的C1截短基因的原核表达载体,诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析表明C1截短基因已成功地在大肠杆菌中表达出Cap截短蛋白,为建立DuCV抗体血清学检测方法和开展DuCV感染的血清学调查奠定了基础.     

2020—2021年山东省部分地区鸭圆环病毒全基因组遗传进化及特征分析

为了解山东地区鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)流行状况及基因组特征,对山东济宁、潍坊等地区的病鸭病料进行DuCV检测及鉴定,DuCV阳性样品进行全基因组扩增,并进行遗传进化和基因组特征分析。结果显示:成功获得了14株DuCV的全基因组序列,全长为1 993～1 995 bp,遗传进化显示这些毒株与德国株AY22855处同一进化分支,均属于DuCV基因Ⅰ型,但不同年份之间已形成独立小分支且彼此之间同源性不高;Cap和ORF3蛋白氨基酸序列分析发现,2020年与2021年监测毒株Cap蛋白氨基酸同源性为96.7%,提示病毒变异速度和程度较高,增加了防控的难度。研究为山东地区鸭圆环病毒病的防控提供了重要数据支撑。     

携带PCV-2 ORF2的感染性PRRSV克隆在Marc-145细胞表达的研究

为解析猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)删除外源基因的机制,以北美株PRRSV感染性克隆pAPRRS为平台进行反向遗传操作,构建在PRRSV全长基因组上同时包含其Nsp2区域缺失108nt及其ORF1与ORF2间插入猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2的全长cDNA pDCPV,将pDCPV转染Marc-145细胞,获得拯救病毒vDCPV。鉴定vDCPV的遗传稳定性发现,vDCPV比先前发表的只在PRRSV ORF1与ORF2间插入PCV-2ORF2获得的拯救病毒vCPV更具有遗传稳定性,这提示PRRSV删除外源序列的最主要机制是插入外源序列后导致基因组过长,由此可能影响N蛋白与基因组作用及其他结构蛋白包装过程。IFA结果显示,vDCPVP能微弱表达PCV-2cap蛋白。     

广西鸭圆环病毒流行毒株遗传变异分析

为了解广西鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)流行毒株的遗传变异情况,进一步为研制鉴别诊断DuCV方法和制定科学防控措施奠定基础。采用PCR方法对采自广西不同地区的阳性鸭组织样品进行了全基因组扩增和测序,共获得14个完整的DuCV全基因组序列。与GenBank中登录的52个国内外DuCV毒株进行遗传进化分析及同源性比较。结果表明,当前广西同时存在基因1.1亚型、基因1.2亚型和基因2.1亚型3种不同的DuCV毒株在流行,其中基因1.1亚型和1.2亚型为优势流行毒株。     

2019年我国部分地区鸭圆环病毒基因序列测定与分析研究

为了解近年鸭圆环病毒流行毒株的基因遗传特点和变异情况,通过采用PCR的方法对我国部分地区的30份鸭圆环病毒阳性样品进行全基因组扩增与克隆、序列测定及遗传进化分析。结果显示:30株DuCV流行毒株之间的全基因序列同源性为85.8%~99.9%,其中26株DuCV的全基因序列长为1993~1995 bp,与德国代表株处于同一进化分支,属于基因1型,4株DuCV的全基因序列仅有1988 bp,与中国台湾代表株属于同一进化分支,属于基因2型;Cap蛋白和Rep蛋白的氨基酸序列的变异分析表明Cap蛋白的变异程度要显著高于Rep蛋白。     

鸭新城疫病毒和鸭圆环病毒二重PCR检测方法的建立

本研究根据GenBank中鸭新城疫病毒(NDV)的F基因和鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)的V1/rep基因的保守序列,各设计一对特异性引物,并对二重PCR的扩增条件进行优化,建立了鸭NDV和DuCV的二重PCR检测方法。对混合样品进行扩增,得到2条大小为493bp(鸭NDV)和218bp(DuCV)的特异性条带,与预扩增片段相符。而对番鸭细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、鸭源小鹅瘟病毒、鸭H9亚型流感病毒、鸭疫里氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌等病原检测,结果为阴性。该方法的敏感性试验表明,鸭NDV的核酸最小量为40fg,DuCV为20fg。     

猪细环病毒1b型ORF3基因克隆及序列分析

为明确福建省猪细环病毒（porcine torque teno sus virus,PTTSuV）1b型（PTTSuV-1b）ORF3基因的遗传进化特征,本研究根据GenBank中登录的PTTSuV-1b基因组特征设计特异性引物,对福建省某猪场患有仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的猪血清进行PTTSuV-1b分段扩增,并分别对PCR扩增产物进行胶回收后克隆测序,将测序结果经BLAST分析后进行序列拼接。试验结果表明,所扩增的目的片段编码有完整的PTTSuV-1b ORF3蛋白,全长为600 bp,编码有199个氨基酸。将获得的PTTSuV-1b型福建株与GenBank中PTTSuV-1b型的ORF3基因进行比对分析,其与FJ/China/2010/TTV2/2株核苷酸同源性最高,为99.7%,与西班牙PTTSuV-1b分离株TTV2_G43核苷酸同源性为97.3%,与SC株核苷酸同源性稍低,但也达94.0%;而与猪细环病毒K2型德国家猪分离株472142株核苷酸同源性仅为60.7%,与猪细环病毒1a型西班牙分离株PTTV1_1914株核苷酸同源性仅为46.8%。从遗传进化关系上看,PTTSuV-1b ORF3基因在遗传进化上呈2个大的遗传进化分支（分支Ⅰ和分支Ⅱ）,本研究分离株处于分支Ⅰ。     

近年来PCV3在国内外的研究进展

<正>自1991年在PMWS病例中发现PCV2后,世界范围内经过近30年的传播,在自然选择和免疫压力下不仅PCV2已出现4种基因亚型,而且2016年又发现了PCV3。Phan通过宏基因组测序在发生心肌炎的病猪样本中发现一种新的圆环病毒PCV3。PCV3基因组全长2000 bp,rep,cap基因与PCV2同源率分别是55%和35%。在心肌细胞中检测到病毒     

塞内卡病毒CH/ZZ/2016株全基因组测序与分析

为了解塞内卡病毒分离株SVA/CH/ZZ/2016全基因组序列,设计4对相互重叠的特异性引物扩增基因片段,将扩增产物分别克隆至pCE2TA/Blunt-Zero载体并进行测序,拼接校正后获得SVA/CH/ZZ/2016株全基因组。结果显示,该毒株基因组全长7 292 bp,包括5''UTR（670 bp）、ORF（6 546 bp）以及3''UTR（76 bp）。选择国内外其他9株参考毒株序列,对编码区12个基因的核苷酸及编码氨基酸进行比对。结果显示,核苷酸同源性最高的是3B基因,最低的是VP1基因,其余基因的核苷酸序列同源性均在85.2%~100%之间。VP1基因遗传进化分析显示,SVA/CH/ZZ/2016株与美国分离株USAIL_Purdue_43_2016和USAIN_Purdue_3698_2016株亲缘关系最近,属同一进化分支,与原始毒株SVV-001株亲缘关系最远。对SVA/CH/ZZ/2016株和原始毒株SVV-001 VP1蛋白的氨基酸序列进行比对,发现共有10处氨基酸差异。本研究通过对SVA/CH/ZZ/2016株全基因组测序及分析,为进一步开展SVA分子生物学研究及流行病学调查提供了基础数据。     

ORF3 of duck circovirus: a novel protein with apoptotic activity

Duck circovirus (DuCV) is classified in the genus Circovirus of the Circoviridae family. Two major open reading frames (ORFs), encoding the replicase (ORF1/rep) and the capsid protein (ORF2/cap), have been recognized for DuCV. Sequence analysis show that another major conserved ORF (named ORF3) is located in the complementary strand of ORF1/rep of DuCV, and its function remains to be investigated. In this study, the ORF3 of DuCV was expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. By IFA and Western blot analysis, the ORF3 protein was positive for the sera from ducks infected with DuCV. The percentages of apoptotic cells of the Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus encoding ORF3 of DuCV were significantly higher than (P<0.05) that of the Sf9 cells infected with wild-type baculovirus at 24, 48 and 72 h postinfection. Based on our knowledge, we deduced that the ORF3 protein of DuCV might play an important role in viral pathogenesis via its apoptotic activity.     

Genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial Pekin ducks in New York

The genetic organization of the duck circovirus (DuCV) 33753-52 detected in commercial Pekin duck flocks from Long Island, NY, is described. The nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with DuCVs previously detected in Germany and Hungary. It is possible that this DuCV from New York shares the same ancestor with the European counterparts. The virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading frames (rep and cap), two intergenic regions, one stem-loop structure, four intergenic direct repeats, and the conserved motifs for the rolling circle replication and for the dNTP binding domain in the Rep protein. This report is the first report of the presence of DuCV in commercial Pekin duck farms in the United States. The clinical and pathologic significance of DuCV in the duck farms located on Long Island needs to be clarified. DuCv was detected in culled birds, due to low body development, leg deformities, or arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus and Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 4 were isolated from some of the DuCV-positive birds. The apparent low prevalence of the virus suggests that at this time, this infection is not a significant problem for the duck industry in New York. However, the immunosuppressive properties of this virus need to be clarified as well as its role as a predisposing agent for other diseases.     

Genetic diversity and genotype analysis of duck circovirus

To investigate the genetic diversity and genotype of duck circovirus (DuCV), nine full-length DuCV genomes were determined from clinical samples. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed on the nine viral genome sequences as well as on 27 genome sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Pairwise analysis showed that the determined genome sequences have a genome organization identical to the 27 sequences and share 83.3%-99.8% identity among themselves and 82.6%-99.9% with the other 27 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 36 viral genome sequences are divided into two lineages, DuCV1 and DuCV2, in which the nucleotide diversity between genome sequences in these two lineages ranged from 13.2%-17.4%; these may be regarded as two types of viruses. Viruses under DuCV1 and DuCV2 are further clustered into different sublineages. When analyzed using the method for genotype definition proposed by Grau-Roma et al, these different sublineages can be defined as genotypes DuCV1a, DuCV1b, DuCV2a, DuCV2b, and DuCV2c. In addition, the viral sequences obtained from mainland China are different in genomic size and share a diversity of no less than 13.2%, including the sequences that came from all genotypes. This suggests that the DuCVs prevalent in domestic duck flocks in China are ecologically divergent.     

2018-2020年广东鸭圆环病毒流行病学调查

为调查广东省鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)流行情况,本研究根据已报道的PCR方法,对2018年12月-2020年7月采自广东省9个不同地区的910份临床鸭组织病料进行鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)、大肠杆菌(E.coli)、腺病毒(FAV)、细小病毒(DPV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)和鸭坦布苏病毒(DTUMV)检测。结果表明:DuCV总检出率为23.18%(211/910);2019年第三季度较高,为34.61%;DuCV单重感染为16.24%(32/197),二重感染和三重感染分别为62.43%(132/197)和21.31%(42/197)。研究结果表明,DuCV在广东省鸭养殖场中存在不同程度的流行,夏季和冬季为多发,DuCV的感染会造成免疫抑制进而导致其他病原的感染,加重疾病的严重程度和死亡率。本研究调查结果为广东省养殖户了解广东地区DuCV的流行态势提供可支撑的数据。     

分子标记株鸭圆环病毒感染性核酸的构建

以临床分离的鸭圆环病毒（duck circovirus）（GenBank登录号：GU168779）阳性病料为材料,根据GenBank中所登录的鸭圆环病毒基困序列设计引物并对设计的引物5′末端进行磷酸化处理,通过引物设计替换碱基,以突变形成EcoRⅠ酶切位点。利用PCR方法扩增鸭圆环病毒的基因,经胶回收后,用T4 DNA连接酶进行环化,以获得鸭圆环病毒具有感染性的核酸。在含有分子标记的两端设计引物,进行PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行胶回收,连接T载体后测序,对胶回收产物进行EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定,均证明在第587位成功插入EcoRⅠ酶切位点。结果表明,本试验已成功构建带有分子标记的鸭圆环病毒的感染性核酸,为进一步开展该病毒的分子调控机制、致病性和开发基因工程疫苗研究奠定基础。     

An investigation of duck circovirus and co-infection in Cherry Valley ducks in Shandong Province, China

The co-infection of duck circovirus (DuCV) with Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) or/and Escherichia coli (E. coli) or/and duck hepatitis virus I (DHV-I) in Cherry Valley ducks in China's Shandong Province was investigated by using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based methods. For this study, 742 ducks sampled at random from 70 duck farms during 2006-2007 were examined using PCR and dot-blot hybridisation (DBH) tests. Overall the DuCV infection rate was 33.29%. Compared with those at 2 weeks of age, the ducks at 3-4 weeks of age were more susceptible to DuCV infection. Compared with the DuCV-negative ones, the DuCV-positive ducks had a higher rate of infection by DHV-I (25.5% vs. 7.475%), RA (23.48% vs. 8.28%) and E. coli (16.19% vs. 4.85%). This investigation shows that DuCV infection is common in Cherry Valley ducks on some farms in Shandong Province.     

鸭圆环病毒套式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank发布的鸭圆环病毒(duck circovirus,DuCV)序列(AY228555),运用Primer Premier 5.0设计2对引物,建立了适合DuCV快速检测的套式PCR方法,采用该方法对从安徽省望江县采集的发病鸭肝脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肾脏和脾脏等内脏病料进行DuCV检测。结果显示,套式PCR对所有内脏病料均能扩增出340 bp的条带,而正常鸭胚、健康鸭肝脏、鸭瘟病毒、禽流感病毒(H9亚型)、新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、网状内皮组织增生病毒、鸡传染性贫血病毒、鸭源大肠杆菌和鸭疫里氏杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性;该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是1 ng,第2次扩增的敏感性是1 fg,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高106倍;表明本试验所建立的套式PCR方法可用于鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)感染的临床诊断和流行病学调查。