Principles, Developments and Design Criteria of In Situ Chemical Oxidation

Sustainable remediation comprises soil and groundwater risk-management actions that are selected, designed, and operated to maximize net environmental, social, and economic benefit (while assuring protection of human health and safety). This paper describes a benchmarking exercise to comparatively assess potential differences in environmental management decision making resulting from application of different sustainability appraisal tools ranging from simple (qualitative) to more quantitative (multi-criteria and fully monetized cost-benefit analysis), as outlined in the SuRF-UK framework. The appraisal tools were used to rank remedial options for risk management of a subsurface petroleum release that occurred at a petrol filling station in central England. The remediation options were benchmarked using a consistent set of soil and groundwater data for each tier of sustainability appraisal. The ranking of remedial options was very similar in all three tiers, and an environmental management decision to select the most sustainable options at tier 1 would have been the same decision at tiers 2 and 3. The exercise showed that, for relatively simple remediation projects, a simple sustainability appraisal led to the same remediation option selection as more complex appraisal, and can be used to reliably inform environmental management decisions on other relatively simple land contamination projects.     

Forest Ecosystems,Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle,edited by M. J. Apps and D. T. Price,NATO Series,Series 1: Global Environmental Change,Vol. 40

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution -     

Technological Trajectories and the Human Environment,edited by J. Ausubel and D. Langford

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution -     

日本畜产环境污染的现状及其对策

本文简述了日本畜产环境污染的种类、现状和发生的原因;处理对策包括:制定防治畜产环境污染的法律和法规,资助改善、保护畜产环境设施的养殖、研究和技术开发,并建议学习日本畜产环境保护立法和粪尿处理的先进技术。     

Clean Technology and the Environment,edited by R. C. Kirkwood and A. J. Longley

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution -     

农村环境污染识别方法与应用研究

本研究提出了基于农户分类的农村环境污染识别方法并用于实地研究。以经济活动类型、地理位置为基础,将农户分为典型种植户、典型养殖户、种养结合户、城郊农户4大类,并细划这4大类的污染类型,具体包括农户生活、农业种植、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、乡村旅游;识别各类型农户生产与生活全过程的污染源与污染强度,如单位面积化肥施用量、人均生活垃圾产生量等;统计区域内污染状况,通过估算污染源的贡献率,定量识别重点污染源与重点污染物;引入等标污染负荷率及水质指数,识别区域污染程度、主要污染类型。应用此方法在河北省曲周县进行实地研究,识别出曲周县重点污染物为TN,重点污染源为农业种植;农村环境引起的地表水TN污染指数为1.26,已经造成地表水TN超标;将曲周县10个乡镇污染类型分3类,种植养殖污染型、农业种植污染型和综合污染型。识别结果为有效控制不同区域农村环境污染提供必要的前提条件。