花(鱼骨)池塘养殖技术

淮安市渔政渔港监督管理站从2002年开始引进花鲳苗种进行池塘养殖试验，连续3年均取得较好的经济效益，现总结出一套池塘养殖花鱼骨技术介绍如下。     

淡水鲳的成鱼养殖技术

淡水鲳商品鱼的养殖,目前主要有四种方式:鱼种池套养、四大家鱼的成鱼池混养、池塘主养和集约化单养。本文介绍这四种方式的养殖技术,最后叙述养殖淡水鲳的实用饲料配方。一、鱼种池套养,育成商品鱼淡水鲳的苗种较少又缺乏养殖经验的生产单位,主要采用鱼种池套养的     

海水鱼类苗种黑体病的病因及其防治技术探讨

海水网箱养殖或池塘养殖的卵形鲳修、花鲈、杜氏蛳、美国红鱼等鱼类的苗种病鱼死亡前都出现体色发黑,身体消瘦的症状,死亡率极高.病鱼的发病原因,主要由寄生虫、细菌或机械损伤等三方面因素引起的.本文详细介绍了“黑体病”的预防与治疗的方法.     

蟹池内网箱套养布氏鲳黪的技术措施

布氏鲳骖（Trarchinotus blorhii）又名蛳鼻鲳骖、金鲳，属鲈形目、鲈亚目、够科、鲳骖属？布氏鲳鸥具有肉质细嫩、细刺少、适应性强、生长速度快、抗病能力强等特点，是一种易于圈养、经济效益很高的养殖晶种，为丰富福州市海水养殖鱼类品种并提高池塘综合经济效益，2001～2004年我们在福建省连江县大官坂垦区开展蟹池内网箱套养布氏鲳终的试验生产，现将其技术要点归纳如下。     

粤西等地金鲳链球菌病发病原因及防控建议

正2021年7月23-26日,笔者实地走访、查看了湛江东海岛、徐闻、北海铁山港等海区的深水网箱金鲳(卵形鲳鲹)的养殖及病害情况。目前几个地区的养殖金鲳普遍开始发病,主要是链球菌病,已经引起了一定的损失,部分地区如钦州港开始发生海水小瓜虫病(刺激隐核虫病)。总体来看,病害已经逐渐成为金鲳养殖的重要障碍并有愈演愈烈之势。一、引起病害高发的主要原因1.没有持续的亲本选育,苗种退化已经凸显     

卵形鲳鲹海水网箱养殖技术

卵形鲳鲹属鲈形目、鲹科、鲳鲹属，又名金鲳、黄腊鲳等，因其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养丰富，深受东南亚市场的青睐。卵形鲳鲹具有生长速度快、适应环境能力强、成活率高等特点，一般当年养殖，当年即可达到上市商品规格，经济效益显著，因而深受养殖业者的欢迎。随着人工育苗与养殖技术的发展，卵形鲳鲹现已成为我国南方沿海地区广泛养殖的一种经济鱼类。卵形鲳鲹的养殖方式主要有网箱养殖、池塘养殖、鱼媪养殖等，近几年来在我国海南和广东等地沿海进行网箱养殖的规模不断扩大，因此，下面主要就卵形鲳鲹的网箱养殖技术做一个简单的总结和介绍。     

卵型鲳(鯵)人工繁殖及苗种培育技术

卵型鲳鯵又名金鲳鱼,地方名称黄腊鲳、金鲳,属硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、够科、鲳鯵属,体侧扁,卵圆形,头侧扁,尾柄细,体披小圆鳞,粘著牢固,不易剥落,广泛分布于大西洋、印度洋、太平洋,是一种暖水性鱼类.该鱼肉无刺,肉质细嫩,味鲜美,体色艳丽,具有鯵类的特殊香味,历来被列为名贵食用鱼类.我国广东、福建、海南沿海地区从20世纪90年代初开展了卵型鲳鯵海水网箱和池塘养殖,并达到了规模化生产水平.现将卵型鲳鯵人工繁殖及苗种培育技术介绍如下,以供参考.     

池塘蟹鳖虾鳜高效混养技术

从池塘条件、防逃设施、食台设置、苗种放养、养殖管理等方面，介绍了池塘蟹鳖虾鳜高效混养技术。     

北方池塘养殖金鲳的体会

日前,北方地区金鲳（图见彩中插2）养殖、尤其是池塘养殖还处于起步阶段。《卵形鲳鲹大规格鱼种培育及池塘养殖示范》是2007年江苏省水产三项工程项目,项目实施以来,笔者对从南方引进菌种在北方进行池塘养殖有一些粗浅的看法,在这里作一个简单的叙述。     

卵形鲳鲹池塘养殖HACCP体系的应用探讨

<正>卵形鲳!俗称金鲳鱼,为暖水性鱼类。因其生长快且肉质细嫩鲜美,深受市场欢迎,已逐渐发展成为我国南方海水养殖的一个主导品种。在养殖技术、繁殖技术、病害防治技术以及配合饲料的研制等几方面,都已较为成熟,且该鱼适宜加工,具备了产业化发展的全部条件。目前卵形鲳!主要采取网箱养殖的模式,几年前因对虾价格低迷且病害频发,虾塘转养卵形鲳!曾风行一时。但养殖业者发现,该鱼采用池塘进行养殖的风险较高,因此不少养殖户尝试之后又放弃了。为推进卵形鲳!池塘养殖生产的发展,广西水产畜牧兽医局立项     

人工湿地植物的功能与选择

植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,它可以拦截大颗粒污染物,吸收降解营养物质;能够稳固湿地床表面基质,降低冰雪在湿地表面的凝结速率;可以改善处理系统景观,为野生生物及微生物的生长提供适宜的环境,具有生态美学和经济价值。选择植物应考虑植物的适应性、净化能力、抗逆性、经济和观赏价值以及物种间的合理搭配。本文阐述了植物在人工湿地中的作用和选择人工湿地植物的一些基本原则,提出了植物在人工湿地实际运用时仍存在的一些问题,对其应用前景做了展望与讨论。     

仿刺参配合饲料中蛋白源及脂肪源的替代研究

为降低仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料成本,寻找鱼粉、鱼油的有效替代蛋白源、脂肪源,用发酵豆粕和扇贝裙边粉替代饲料中的鱼粉;用扇贝裙边油替代饲料中的鱼油,制作实验饲料投喂仿刺参。实验随机选取大小均匀,体色相近、健康无病的仿刺参幼参进行实验。共设置2个处理组,即商业饲料组(D1)和实验饲料组(D2),每组设3个重复。饲养56 d后测定各组仿刺参的生长指标及体壁营养指标。结果表明:实验饲料组仿刺参的存活率、增重率均显著高于商业饲料组(P<0.05),组间仿刺参的特定生长率、饲料系数无显著差异,组间仿刺参的水分、粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪等组分无显著差异。因此用发酵豆粕、扇贝裙边粉替代鱼粉,并用扇贝裙边油替代鱼油是可行的,且效果优于市面所售的优质仿刺参配合饲料。     

Strategies for alkalinity and pH control for ozonated shrimp pond water

In order to derive the full benefits of ozonation technology for the destruction of toxic metabolites in shrimp grow-out ponds, strategies to supplement and control high alkalinity loss during ammonia oxidation in a model ozonation system were studied. Alkalinity loss and pH profiles were investigated in the ozonated model system containing artificial seawater and ammonia, and alkalinity compensation ability of supplements such as calcium carbonate-based limes, hydrated limes and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated. In some experiments, application of these supplements during ozonation were combined with other treatments like recarbonation (external CO₂ supply). Results showed that calcium carbonate-based limes were not anymore effective for alkalinity supplementation when ozonation is applied to seawater containing ammonia. Although recarbonation improved the effectiveness of CaCO₃ as an alkalinity supplement, application in large ozonated grow-out ponds were considered not practical. The effective alkalinity supplements for ozonated seawater containing ammonia were the more soluble materials, high purity sodium bicarbonate and hydrated lime applied at a proper dosage. Sodium bicarbonate and hydrated lime would be more appropriate alkalinity control strategies for in situ¹ ozonated shrimp grow-out ponds; however, for application of hydrated lime, the problem of overdosage should be taken into consideration.     

Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries

Coastal Social–Ecological Systems (SESs) are subject to several stresses, including climate change, that challenge fisheries and natural resource management. Fishers are front‐line observers of changes occurring both on the coast and in the sea and are among the first people to be affected by these changes. In this study, we perform a meta‐analysis of observations and adaptations to climate change by subsistence‐oriented coastal fishers extracted from a global review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature. Fishers' observations compiled from across the globe indicate increased temperatures and changes in weather patterns, as well as coastal erosion, sea level rise and shifts in species range and behaviours. Coastal areas offer a wide array of resources for diversifying livelihoods, but climate change is reducing these options. Specifically, climate change could reduce the resilience of fishers' communities, limiting options for diversification or forcing fishers to abandon their houses or villages.     

Review of recent carrying capacity models for bivalve culture and recommendations for research and management

Models and tools for assessing the carrying capacity of an area of interest for bivalve culture can be classified according to their level of complexity and scope. In this report, we discuss and outline four hierarchical categories of carrying capacity studies: physical, production, ecological, and social carrying capacity. The assessment of carrying capacity for progressively higher categories of models is based on a sound understanding of preceding categories. We discuss each in brief and the third in more detail as this is the level at which knowledge is the most lacking and for which science may make the most advances.(1) Physical carrying capacity may be assessed by a combination of hydrodynamic models and physical information, ideally presented and analysed within a Geographic Information System (GIS). (2) Most scientific effort to date has been directed towards modelling production carrying capacity and some of the resulting models have been used successfully to this end. Further development of these models should pay attention to (i) better modelling of feedback mechanisms between bivalve culture and the environment, (ii) a consideration of all steps in the culture process (seed collection, ongrowing, harvesting, and processing), and (iii) culture technique. (3) The modelling of ecological carrying capacity is still in its infancy. The shortcomings mentioned for models for production carrying capacity estimates are even greater for ecological carrying capacity models. GIS may be employed to consider interactions between culture activities and sensitive habitats. (4) It is recommended that social carrying capacity be evaluated only after the preceding levels have been completed so that an unbiased assessment is obtained. This however does not exclude direction from managers for scientists as to which factors (such as water clarity, specific habitats, etc.) should be evaluated. The use of expert systems to aid in management decisions is briefly discussed with a suggested application of a fuzzy expert system to this end.     

一种饲料配方设计、筛选方法《横向-纵向比较法》

1　饲料配方设计的技术现状及相关问题由于配合饲料是按饲养动物生长的需求提供相应的营养物质,并使饲料原料中各营养成分得以合理的经济的使用,保证了饲养过程的科学性,带动了饲养业的大发展。现行的饲料配方制定过程是根据饲养标准和选用饲料原料的营养含量,通过适当的计算,确定出各饲料原料在配合饲料中所占的比率。该计算过程分为手算法和计算机计算法。手算法简单,易于掌握,可使配合饲料既满足饲料标准的要求,又使饲料原料的各营养成分合理利用而不浪费,计算机计算除了满足这两种要求外,还可使配合饲料呈现较低的价格,并且运算快捷。如…     

Evaluation of testing strategies for infectious salmon anaemia and implications for surveillance and control programs

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an economically important disease in New Brunswick, Canada. Current regulatory control involves detection of ISAv in broodstock, hatcheries and marine sites through a surveillance program. Prior to recent assessments of operating characteristics of diagnostic tests, the efficiency of this surveillance program was difficult to evaluate. In order to determine the optimal testing strategies for various phases of production, a cost-effectiveness analysis was done for different strategies including single testing and multiple testing with results interpreted in series or in parallel. The lowest cost testing strategy, which would achieve a group-level sensitivity (GSe) of 95% and a group-level specificity (GSp) of 95%, was determined for each production phase. Our analyses showed that the most cost-effective testing strategy depended on the production phase. If sampling is to be carried out in a freshwater facility, then broodstock should be tested by VI alone, while pre-smolts should be tested with IFAT and VI used in series. For fish reared in saltwater, parallel interpretation of results from VI and RT-PCR, or testing with VI alone, are appropriate testing strategies for broodstock. For market-fish, PCR alone is a good screening option. If one assumes the prevalence of ISAv in moribund fish is at least 50%, then a maximum of 5 fish (at a cut-point of 1 positive fish to designate a cage as positive) need to be tested at a cost of $220. If one desired to have a perfect GSp (i.e. no false positive cage designations), serial testing with IFAT and VI is a better option. However, for this strategy a maximum of 9 fish (at a cut-point of 1) need to be tested at a cost of $472.