图书馆尘螨过敏原及危害

螨过敏原是图书馆公共场所中不可忽视的问题,在介绍图书馆3种主要尘螨的生物学知识基础上,综述了螨过敏原的性能、危害,以及过敏性疾病的诊疗方法。     

Mites for the control of pests in protected cultivation

The production of crops under protected conditions is increasing worldwide. Owing to growing consumer demands for healthy and green produce, and intensifying pesticide resistance, non-chemical solutions--foremost among which is biological control--are being sought. The authors review recent advances related to the application of predatory mites for the control of greenhouse pests, and discuss interactions among acarine biocontrol agents (ABAs) and the effects of crop plants and new technologies on ABAs, such as artificial lighting, elevated carbon dioxide levels and genetically modified organisms. This is followed by a discussion of the problems associated with the search for and use of new ABAs, including management, the benefits of modelling and avenues of future research.     

我国储粮螨类研究概述

储粮中的多数螨类是对粮食和人类健康影响极其严重的小型节肢动物。本文就我国储粮螨类的种类、生物学、生态学和防治方面的研究进行概述。     

上海崇明水仙病毒病病原种类鉴定

 2005~2007年对上海崇明水仙病毒病的种类进行了调查和鉴定。崇明水仙病毒病田间主要表现为花叶、斑驳、黄条和白条等多种症状,以花叶和斑驳为主。采用ELISA和RT-PCR方法,从36个水仙样本上检测到水仙普通潜隐病毒(NCLV)(GenBank登录号:EU200454)、水仙退化病毒(NDV)(GenBank登录号:EU200456);此外,有两类分离物被初步鉴定为新病毒,暂命名为水仙斑驳相关病毒(NMaV)(GenBank登录号:EU182651)和水仙白条相关病毒(NWSaV)(GenBank登录号:EU182652)。4类病毒的总检出率分别为11.1%、13.9%、100%和2.8%,其中NMaV为危害水仙的优势病毒。约20%的样本检测出有2种以上病毒的复合侵染,但是未检测出Potexvirus属的病毒。     

图书馆尘螨危害及其防控措施

对图书馆尘螨特征、分类地位、主要种类、习性,发生与危害作简要介绍,并提出图书管理人员有效防控尘螨的3个有效方法。     

从进境水仙上检测出南芥菜花叶病毒

利用DAS-ELISA对从荷兰进口的6个品种的水仙种球进行检测发现,品种为Recurvus的水仙种球对ArMV的多抗血清呈阳性反应达85%.免疫吸附电镜观察到在感病水仙种球中存在直径约30nm的球状病毒粒子.根据ArMV外壳蛋白(CP)基因的保守序列设计引物,RT-PCR能从感病样品中扩增到预期580bp特异条带,序列测定分析表明此条带的序列为ArMV部分CP基因,在系统关系树上与ArMV的其它分离物形成一簇、亲缘关系很近,表明从进境水仙上检测到了ArMV.     

植绥螨的营养生态学及其在生物防治上的应用

本文结合植绥螨的4种营养类型：专性捕食者、叶螨类的选择性捕食者、多食性捕食者、嗜食花粉的捕食者,分析了国内有利用价值的种类（包括引进种）及其在生产实践上的应用。基于动物性食物和植物性食物中蛋白质含量有显著差异,不同类型食物饲养同一种植绥螨常会有多种结果,表现如下：（1）食物对捕食者生长发育和性比的影响;（2）食物对捕食者特殊年龄阶段存活率和生殖率的影响;（3）食物对捕食者生命表参数的影响。     

植绥螨性比及性别决定机制与影响因素研究进展

植绥螨被广泛应用于控制多种农作物上的螨类和其它害虫,是一类很有利用价值的天敌资源。种群性比及性别决定机制是植绥螨生殖生理研究上的一个重要领域,与生物的遗传、个体发育、进化等密切相关。本文对植绥螨的性别决定机制、影响植绥螨性比的因素以及性比调控在捕食螨规模化生产及实践应用中的意义进行了分析。     

捕食螨的抗药性研究进展

抗药性捕食螨的应用是IPM中生防和化防相结合的重要措施之一。本文综述了农药对捕食螨的影响、捕食螨抗药性现状、抗药性机制、抗药性监测方法、交互抗性及遗传改良等,并介绍了抗药性捕食螨的应用现状及前景,旨在充分保护和利用捕食螨,使生物防治与化学防治有机结合。     

Biological Control of Storage Mites by Cheyletus Eruditus

A history of the biological control of stored product mites is reviewed. Thirty-five references in the scientific literature were found principally dealing with acarine predators. The first paper to point out the specific value of Cheyletus eruditus as a predator of acaroid mites appeared in 1912. In 1965 biological control utilizing C. eruditus was put into practice for the first time and in 1986 a method of mass rearing the predator was developed.     

肉食螨生态学研究进展

本文就国内外肉食螨生态学及利用方面的研究作一综述。     

斑痣悬茧蜂对感染细菌寄主的寄生选择和传播病菌作用

本研究旨在探究斑痣悬茧蜂是否寄生被短稳杆菌Empedobacter brevis感染的寄主,以及在寄生感病与健康寄主中是否传播病菌。在斜纹夜蛾幼虫为寄主的非选择性寄生试验中,将感染不同浓度短稳杆菌液及其感染后不同时间（1～5 d）的寄主分别供斑痣悬茧蜂寄生,结果表明,当细菌浓度较高时（5.0×107和1.25×107 cfu/mL）,寄生率随感染后间隔时间延长而具有较大波动（10%～20%）,当细菌浓度较低时（3.13×106 cfu/mL）,寄生率波动较小（10%～15%）,均表现二次曲线关系;但在对感染后不同时间寄主的选择性寄生试验中,当将感染细菌后1d分别与感染2、3、4或5d的寄主幼虫同时供斑痣悬茧蜂寄生时,斑痣悬茧蜂在感菌后1与3d、1与4d的寄主之间,偏好感菌后1d的寄主幼虫,寄生的寄主数量分别是感菌后3 d的2.5倍、4 d的2.0倍。在病菌传播试验中,分别以斜纹夜蛾和黏虫为寄主,结果表明,斑痣悬茧蜂寄生斜纹夜蛾幼虫后的传染率仅约5%;但寄生感菌黏虫寄主后能够传播病菌,而且传播概率随感染后时间的增加而下降,从起初的40%逐渐降至约10%。本研究结果说明,斑痣悬茧蜂对感染短稳杆菌寄主幼虫存在一定程度的寄生选择性,并通过寄生在一定程度上可传播该病菌。     

应用巢式RT-PCR检测水仙退化病毒1

水仙退化病毒（Narcissus degeneration virus,NDV）是水仙上发生较为严重的病毒之一。本文根据 NDV 已报道的外壳蛋白基因序列,设计特异性引物,以感病水仙的总 RNA 为模板,建立了快速检测 NDV 的巢式 RT-PCR 方法。结果表明,巢式 RT-PCR 具有良好的特异性和灵敏度,能够从感染 NDV 的水仙样品上扩增出与预期大小相符的特异性目的条带,同时与其他病毒无交叉反应;灵敏度测定结果表示,巢式 RT-PCR 灵敏度较高,是普通 RT-PCR 的104倍,当 RNA 稀释到109倍时仍能被检测到。本文建立的巢式 RT-PCR 为水仙上 NDV 的快速检测提供了技术参考依据。     

新化合物HNPC-A3066的杀螨活性及田间防治效果研究

HNPC-A3066 {(E,Z) 2- 亚甲基]胺]氧]甲基]苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯｝是由湖南化工研究院开发的甲氧丙烯酸酯类新型杀螨剂。采用农药生物技术测定了HNPC-A3066对棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urticae的杀螨活性和作用方式。结果表明,HNPC-A3066对棉红蜘蛛具有良好的触杀、杀卵作用,但内吸活性很低。采用浸渍法和浸玻片法处理后48 h,对雌成螨的LC50值分别为3.33和 4.02 mg/L;浸玻片法处理后24 h,对若螨的LC50值为0.74 mg/L,浸渍法处理后7 d,对卵的LC50值为2.02 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,在有效成分浓度为80~160 mg/L时,施药后1、3、7和14 d,HNPC-A3066对棉红蜘蛛、柑桔红蜘蛛Panonychus citri和苹果红蜘蛛Panonychus ulmi的防效分别大于77.88％、75.33％和72.65％,且对作物和天敌安全。     

Mites associated with stored seed cotton and related products in Greece

Samples were taken during a 2-year period (Sept. 1998 to Sept. 2000) from 17 ginning mills, located in the main cotton production regions in Greece. The material was examined in order to determine the presence and relative abundance of mites in stored seed cotton and its products: cotton fiber, cottonseed and cotton gin trash. Twenty-two mite taxa were found, with the predominance of mite species on each type of stored commodity differing significantly. Fifteen taxa were recorded in seed cotton, where the most abundant species wereTyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) andTarsonemus waitei Banks. In contrast, only four species were found in cotton fiber, withT. putrescentiae being the dominant one. Nine taxa were recorded in the cottonseed samples, where the most abundant species was by farLepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank).Caloglyphus sp. was the most abundant species in cotton gin trash, where a total of 13 taxa were found. Most mites were found in gin trash, followed by cottonseed and seed cotton; very few mites were detected in cotton fiber. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 16, 2002.     

Detection of two viruses infecting Narcissus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) proved sufficiently reliable to detect narcissus tip necrosis virus (NTNV) and arabis mosaic virus (AMV) in Narcissus leaf material provided it was of the right age. Similar trends in virus concentration in leaf samples were indicated by ELISA reactions for both viruses, with highest levels at the start of growth, a decrease during flowering, followed by an increase before levels fell as leaves died. Leaf tip samples consistently provided the highest ELISA reactions at all stages and testing was more reliable from outer, older leaves than inner, younger ones. Best samples for ELISA detection of both viruses were from the tips of older leaves early in the growing season.     

Studies on the Fecundity of Acarid Mites (Acarina: Acaridae)1

The effect of food on fecundity and its distribution during the life of Acarus siro L. was studied. In addition, the effect of repeated matings, of age of females and males, of parental age and of sex ratio on the fecundity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schr.) was studied. Nutrition affects the total fecundity and its distribution in A. siro. The highest fecundity of T. putrescentiae females occurred when mating occurred more than once a week. The fecundity of ageing virgin females decreases gradually with delays in the time of the first mating. The effect of male's age is not significant until the age of 60 days onwards. Females descending from 100-day-old parents showed 25% lower fecundity than females from young parents. Density of males above the sex ratio 1:1 diminishes the fecundity of females molested by males. The higher the number of the males in the cage per female, the lower their fecundity.