封面说明：白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariaeYang et Yao

白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariaeYang et Yao是杨忠岐发现和发表的肿腿蜂新种,该蜂群集寄生于白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis中老龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹上,后来也发现其寄生危害白蜡的咖啡脊虎天牛Xylotrechus grayii幼虫。     

金银花2种蛀干性害虫的发生特点与防治方法

金银花为我国名贵中药材。其性寒味甘,具有清热解毒、活血化瘀,凉散风热之功效,被称为植物广谱抗生素。在封丘县,金银花已有1500年以上的栽培历史。近年来,随着国内、外对金银花需求量的不断加大,种植面积在逐年增加,目前,全县种植面积已达2万hm2。种植面积的增加,改变了蛀干性害虫的生态条件,使其发生呈上升趋势。为控制蛀干性害虫的为害,笔者进行了试验研究。现就咖啡脊虎天牛及芳香木蠹蛾等为害金银花的2种蛀干性害虫发生特点和防治方法报告如下:1咖啡脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus grayii White)1.1形态特征体长9.5～15mm,体宽2.5～4.5mm,黑色…     

管氏肿腿蜂的再描述及中国硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus（Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）的种类

对我国用于防治林木蛀干害虫的重要天敌昆虫类群--肿腿蜂科硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus Latreille 1809的种类进行了订正性研究。研究表明,目前我国硬皮肿腿蜂属共有4个种,分别是管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu 1983,川硬皮肿腿蜂S. sichuanensis Xiao 1995,海南硬皮肿腿蜂 S. hainanica Xiao 1995和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂S. pupariae Yang et Yao 2012,另有1疑似分布种--哈氏肿腿蜂S. harmandi Buysson 1903。编制了区分这5个种的检索表。研究认为,日本和韩国专家将我国的管氏肿腿蜂更名为哈氏肿腿蜂（作为同物异名）是不合适的,管氏肿腿蜂应为一个有效种。对管氏肿腿蜂根据模式标本进行了再描述,提供了形态特征照片图;也引述了日本学者Terayama（2006）对哈氏肿腿蜂的再描述,以便区分这两个种。并以对照表的形式,给出了区分这两种的主要形态特征。同时也对作者2012年发表在美国的Annals of the Entomological Societuy of America 上的新种--白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂做了简要描述,附有该种的形态特征照片图,并记述了该种的生物学、行为学特性,以便国内学者鉴定该种时参考。研究发现白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂也寄生栗山天牛Massicus raddei、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swansoni、咖啡脊虎天牛Xylotrechus grayii和白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis及苹小吉丁A. mali等我国多种重要的林木蛀干害虫,是一种可利用于防治这些害虫的优秀天敌。     

白蜡窄吉丁(鞘翅目:吉丁甲科)的生物防治研究进展

白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Faimaire原分布在东北亚国家,包括俄罗斯远东地区,在原产地由于为害不重而受关注度不高,因此没有被列入世界各国危险性有害生物监测重点名单之中。但自21世纪初其传入美国和加拿大之后,已造成重大灾害,成为迄今为止北美地区危害性最大和造成经济损失最为严重的外来入侵森林害虫。由于该害虫的高度隐蔽性,在传入地的早期检测非常困难,发现该虫的地点往往其种群已经定殖多年,因此根除策略难以奏效。美国在白蜡窄吉丁入侵初期进行的根除策略失败后迅速启动了生物防治计划。通过国际合作研究,美国从中国引进了3种寄生性天敌:白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂Spathius agrili Yang、白蜡吉丁啮小蜂Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang和白蜡吉丁卵跳小蜂Oobius agrili Zhang & Huang,经大量人工繁殖后在林间进行了释放,现已在当地成功建立了天敌种群,开始发挥越来越重要的控制作用。本文对最近10多年来白蜡窄吉丁生物防治方面的研究进展进行了回顾和简要综述,希望对我国同类蛀干害虫的研究工作有所启示。     

利用天敌昆虫控制我国重大林木害虫研究进展

美国白蛾、红脂大小蠹、光肩星天牛、栗山天牛和传播松材线虫病的松褐天牛以及白蜡窄吉丁是危害我国林木的重大害虫,已在其发生区造成了严重灾害。本文就近年来这些重大林木害虫天敌昆虫的生物学以及利用其进行生物防治的研究进展作一简述。     

天牛肿腿蜂的应用试验

金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb)是一种重要的常用中药,清热解毒,山东临沂地区生产的称为“东银花”,颇负盛名。咖啡虎天牛(Xylotrechus grayii White)是当地金银花的主要蛀茎害虫。1983-1984年在平邑、费县、苍山等金银花主产县对咖啡虎天牛的发生与为害作了调查,咖啡虎天牛为害率普遍都在85％以上,并随金银花生长年限,有逐年     

用昆虫病原线虫防治蒙古木蠹蛾试验初报

近年来国内研究表明,利用昆虫病原线虫防治木蠹蛾类害虫是一种经济、安全、有效的措施。为了防治西北地区主要蛀干害虫——蒙古木蠹蛾(Cossus cossus mongolicus)和光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)。我们从中国农科院生防所引进芜菁夜蛾线虫Agriotos品系,进行了室内、外防治试验,并用80％敌敌畏乳油和磷化锌毒签处理作比较。现将结果报道如下。     

白僵菌粘膏的研制和林间应用

白僵菌粘膏新剂型是以白僵菌孢子粉与废糖蜜、甘薯粉混合拌匀而成。菌膏直接涂于蛀干害虫排粪孔口,对多纹豹蠹娥和相思拟木蠹蛾,小区试验防治效果达93.6～96.8％,但对防治星天牛三无效。林间大面积防治木麻黄多纹豹蠹蛾583.7公顷,死亡率达88.5～98.4％。白僵菌膏成本费0.128元/公顷。菌膏在宣温下贮藏90天仍有效。     

宁夏灵武发现为害柠条锦鸡儿的新蛀干害虫

本文在对宁夏灵武山沙区主要植物——治沙先锋树种柠条死亡原因进行调查研究的基础上,监测出为害该类植物的2种新蛀干害虫—槐绿虎天牛[Chlorophorus diadema(Motschulsky,1853)]和多斑坡天牛(Pterolophia multinotata Pic),并对其为害情况和生物学特性进行了初步研究。     

苹果小吉丁虫综合防控研究进展

苹果小吉丁虫是果树蛀干害虫,属于国内检疫对象和高度危险性林业有害生物。近20年来,在被誉为野生经济林种质资源基因库的新疆天山野果林发生特别严重,特别是对建群树种—新疆野苹果造成毁灭性的破坏。苹果小吉丁虫在新疆野果林扩散速度快,主要以幼虫钻蛀树干为害,幼虫期时间长。防治手段以幼虫期虫疤涂抹药剂、打孔注药和成虫期喷雾防治为主,防治效果并不理想。研究证明乌黑刻柄茧蜂、白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂、球腹蒲螨对苹果小吉丁虫有一定的控制作用。建立以寄生性天敌繁育和释放、寄主植物次生代谢物利用、害虫信息素干扰和害虫诱捕的综合防控体系是今后的研究重点。     

Occurrence of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis in Russia and its potential impact on European forestry

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis , is a beetle native to East Asia where it is considered a minor pest, preferentially attacking weakened or dying ash trees. It was first discovered in North America in 2002 and has since become one of the most serious invasive insect pests, killing millions of healthy ash trees in urban and forested settings. Similar damage is now occurring in the region of Moscow, Russia, which causes serious concern for Europe. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on A. planipennis in Asia and North America, provide new information on its occurrence in the region of Moscow and Eastern Russia and make recommendations for research and management strategies in Europe.     

白蜡窄吉丁自然种群变化的关键因子研究

为了解影响白蜡窄吉丁自然种群的关键因子,本研究对影响白蜡窄吉丁自然种群的所有生物和非生物因素进行了主成分分析,并进一步拟合了白蜡窄吉丁幼虫数量与寄主植物、树干胸径的关系。结果显示,寄主植物抗性是影响白蜡窄吉丁自然种群最主要的因素,中国本土白蜡树种水曲柳的受害情况远低于美国栽培品种绒毛白蜡,且不同寄主植物间的幼虫数量差异显著;林分结构的影响作用次之,白蜡纯林的受害程度高于混交林。年极端低温、年极端高温、幼虫期和卵期的寄生率对白蜡窄吉丁的影响作用也比较重要。研究结果为生产上采用栽培抗性树种和在合适时期释放天敌控制白蜡窄吉丁的为害提供了理论依据。     

发生在葡萄上的蠹虫种类及成虫分类检索表

对采自全国的6种葡萄上钻蛀性蠹虫类害虫（2种小蠹和4种长蠹）成虫的形态进行了描述,根据其鉴别特征制作了成虫分类检索表,为葡萄蠹虫类害虫的识别和防治提供参考。     

Monitoring of Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in France after the December 1999 Storms

After the December 1999 storms, two networks were set up over 2 years (2000 and 2001) to assess the scale and type of insect colonisation on storm damaged trees and to interpret these events for the future. The Level 1 network, was a large-scale survey that covered the entire storm area and provided qualitative observations on its 898 plots in which every major tree species was assessed. The Level 2 network, was a regional survey set up only in two regions: the 'Landes' region and the Northeast of France. The observations were intensive and quantitative, devoted only to maritime pine in the 'Landes' region and to Norway spruce in the Northeast of France. The Level 1 network indicated that less than 40% of the storm damaged trees were colonised by bark beetles in September 2000. No attacks were observed on standing trees in 2000 but many occurred during 2001 in spruce and maritime pine stands. The Level 2 network in the Vosges mountains showed a late colonisation in October and November 2000. The emerging population of Ips typographus on attacked trees reached 25 000–30 000 insects/m³. This huge population combined with the low rate of parasitism in 2001 leads to the expectation of increasing damage in spruce stands next year.     

First record of Xylotrechus chinensis (Coleoptera,Cerambycidae) in Greece and in the EPPO region

Xylotrechus chinensis belongs to the entomofauna of China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Prior to this paper it has been intercepted twice outside its native range, once in Philadelphia (USA) and once in Germany (Europe). In spring 2017, it was detected for the first time in Greece, in Heraklion city (Island of Crete) infesting the trunk of trees of Morus species planted near the harbour of the city. It can thus be hypothesized that X. chinensis was transported from its native range with commodities that are handled in the harbour. Eradication efforts are being taken in order to prevent its further spread, which could threaten several other tree species because X. chinensis attacks a wide range of hosts. This is the first record of this pest from the EPPO region.     

桂林植物园白蚁防治研究初报

桂林植物园的树木受白蚁危害率为27.1％,其中以家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)、黄翅大白蚁(Macrotermes barneyi)危害最大,分别占总危害率的61.2％和36.5％。受害树种以樟树最为严重,占受害树种的73.8％。利用白蚁活巢的指示物鸡枞菌［Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk)］、三踏菌(Termitomyces sp.)进行挖巢灭蚁,取得很好的效果,4年来共挖巢329窝,取得很好的效果。     

警惕新入侵昆虫梣粉虱[Siphoninus phillyreae(Haliday)]在中国大陆扩散

梣粉虱是新近入侵中国大陆的一种危险性果树和园林植物害虫,2010年9月在上海市闵行区发现其严重为害梨树。本文介绍了梣粉虱的识别特征、危害特性、寄主植物种类、地理分布范围和防治措施,为预防该虫在我国的进一步传播扩散提供科学依据。     

Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer

BACKGROUND: Azadirachtins are natural insecticides derived from the neem tree. The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic invasive insect pest that infests various ash tree species and has the potential for significant economic, aesthetic and ecological impacts throughout North America. The initial translocation and foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins were examined following direct injection into white and green ash trees growing in urban scenarios as a potential control for EAB. RESULTS: Substantial concentrations of azadirachtins A and B [mean maxima > 0.98 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (f.w.)] were observed within 2 days of injecting a specifically designed formulation of azadirachtins. Foliar residues declined exponentially through time, with half‐life estimates ranging from 5.1 to 12.3 days. At the time of leaf senescence, foliar residue levels approximated 0.01 mg kg^?1 f.w., strongly mitigating the potential effects of non‐target biota in soil or aquatic compartments. CONCLUSION: The magnitude and duration of exposures observed in this field study were considered to be above the thresholds required for biological effectiveness against both larval and adult life stages of EAB. Results support the use of azadirachtins as an environmentally acceptable systemic insecticide for control of EAB and protection of high‐value ash trees in urban environments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

除虫脲防治核桃举肢蛾的研究

1989～1991年,在河北省灵寿县,于核桃举肢蛾成虫羽化高峰期,用20％除虫脲5000倍药液防治两次,好果率达95％,对照不防治的树,核桃全部被害。除虫脲还能兼治核桃缀叶螟和刺蛾,对瓢虫的影响也较喷速灭杀丁小。