三种倒刺鲃的区别和繁殖与养殖简介

光倒刺鲃、倒刺鲃、中华倒刺鲃同属鲤形目、鲤科、倒刺鲃属，均属江河野生鱼类。前两种鱼主要分布于长江以南各水系，后分布于长江水系。近年来，由于传统养殖鱼类价格连年下降，养殖效益降低，而光倒刺囟巴等野生鱼类由于资源量减少、养殖少而价格较高，通常60～80元/kg。     

黑脊倒刺鲃的人工繁育技术

<正>倒刺鲃属鱼类属于鲤科鲃亚科,属内有5种,分别为黑脊倒刺鲃、中华倒刺鲃、倒刺鲃、云南倒刺鲃、多鳞倒刺鲃,其中黑脊倒刺鲃也叫光倒刺鲃,在福建俗称光鱼、粗鳞。此属鱼类易给人的错觉:被认为是草鱼。目前,有关倒刺鲃属鱼类的研究报道主要是前3种(黑脊倒刺鲃、中华倒刺鲃、倒刺鲃),分布于我国南方乃至西南地区诸水系。3个种各有特点:中华倒刺鲃生长速度中等,绝对怀卵量大,雌鱼性成熟年龄4龄~5龄;倒刺     

流溪河保护区鱼类群落结构及其时空变动

为了解流溪河光倒刺鲃国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构,分析不同河段、不同季节鱼类群落多样性的变化,于2017年12月-2018年10月对保护区上、中、下游的鱼类开展了每个季度一次的调查。调查结果显示,共采集鱼类57种,隶属于5目14科50属,其中鲤形目43种、鲈形目6种、鲇形目5种,合鳃鱼目2种,鳉形目1种;计算57种鱼类的相对重要性指数,结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼、越南■及鲤鱼为2017-2018年度优势种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数计算结果显示,下游鱼类群落的多样性及均匀度最高,夏季鱼类群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高;各监测点之间的种类相似性系数显示,保护区上中游、上下游之间鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,中下游种类组成为中等相似,春夏、春冬、夏冬及夏秋季节鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,春秋、秋冬季节为中等相似;ABC分析结果显示,春、夏及冬季鱼类群落处于稳定状态,秋季处于中度干扰状态。     

中华倒刺鲃全人工批量育苗技术

中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus Sinensis Bleeker)属鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、倒刺鲃属,俗名乌鳞、青波、青板等,主要分布于长江中上游及其支流,是产区重要经济鱼类之一[1].     

金沙江下游鱼类资源现状研究

2008-2011年对金沙江下游干流进行了6次鱼类资源调查,共设5个采样点,每次调查时间为1-2个月.共计采集到鱼类6目、16科、52属、78种,圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)、鲤[Cyprinus (Cyprinus)carpio]、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)、餐(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、短须裂腹鱼[Schizothorax(Schizothorax)wangchiachii]、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为金沙江下游渔获物主要种类,不同江段的渔获物组成存在差异.渔获物平均尾重达到50 g的种类仅13种,且多数种类的起捕规格小于10,部分甚至小于1.0g,渔获个体以1～3龄鱼为主,大部分未达到性成熟年龄,渔获物小型化、低龄化现象明显,鱼类资源呈衰退趋势.     

北盘江董箐水电站库区鱼类资源调查

为探究董箐水电站成库后库区内渔业资源群落组成和物种多样性变化情况,给董箐水库资源的合理开发与利用、库区鱼类资源保护以及增殖放流活动提供技术参考和科学依据,于2013-2015年在董箐库区进行6次生物采样和走访调查。结果表明,本次调查共采集渔获物668尾,隶属3目、8科、29属、39种,其中鲤科鱼类最多,占总种类数的60.8%;唇鲮(Semilabeo notabilis)、花鱼骨(Hemibarbus maculatus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidracoi)为库区的优势种;董箐库区鱼类群落生物多样性采用Margalef丰富度指数(DMa)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J')作为评价指标,其平均值为3.811、0.914和2.649,分析发现鱼类物种多样性呈减少趋势。对比历史资料发现,库区鱼类群落结构已发生改变,喜静水或缓流生境的鱼类逐渐成为库区优势种群;由于生态环境的改变,原河段流水型鱼类逐渐被替代,数量逐渐减少。     

温度对中华倒刺鲃胚胎发育的影响

中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)又名青波、乌鳞,隶属于鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、倒刺鲃属,是我国长江上游及支流常见的经济鱼类。近年来,中华倒刺鲃因其味美而深受市场的欢迎,已被逐步开发为一个养殖新品种。有关倒刺鲃属其他鱼类胚胎发育的研究报道较多,但鲜有中华倒刺鲃的胚胎发育报道。为了探讨中     

董箐库区渔获物组成及多样性

为了解库区建设对鱼类生物多样性的影响,掌握董箐库区内渔业资源群落组成和物种多样性变化情况。2013年--2015年在董箐库区进行6次生物采样和走访调查,采集渔获物共668尾,隶属3目8科29属39种,鲤科鱼类最多,占总数的60.8%;群落以杂食性鱼类和喜静缓流生态类型鱼类为主,唇鲮(Semilabeo notabilis)、花鱼骨(Hemibarbus maculatus)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)、云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、光倒刺鲃(S.hollandi)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidracoi)为库区的优势种,对比历史资料发现库区鱼类群落结构已发生改变;董箐库区鱼类群落生物多样性采用Margalef 丰富度指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数()、Pielou均匀度指数()、Wilhm改进指数()作为评价指标,各指标的平均值为3.811、0.914、2.649、2.529,分析数据发现鱼类生物多样性也有衰减。     

乌江思林水电站库区鱼类增殖放流效果初步研究

为探究乌江思林水电站鱼类增殖放流效果,2013年和2014年对思林(沙沱)鱼类增殖放流站放流的中华倒刺鲃(Barbodes sinensis)和白甲鱼(Varicorhinus simus)部分个体进行了荧光标记,共标记放流1.98万尾中华倒刺鲃和4.56万尾白甲鱼,并在2014年与2015年进行了2个周期的回捕调查。结果显示,回捕调查捕获鱼类12种,共计2687尾;其中,中华倒刺鲃和白甲鱼的渔获物占比分别为1.60%和0.71%,未见荧光标记个体。通过走访调查,收集到标记中华倒刺鲃7尾(2014年6尾,2015年1尾)、白甲鱼7尾(2014年4尾,2015年3尾),回捕率分别为0.013%~0.049%和0.009%~0.030%,回捕地点共7个,距离放流地点226~24 105 m。研究表明,思林(沙沱)鱼类增殖放流站的增殖放流活动可对中华倒刺鲃、白甲鱼等起到一定增殖效果。为取得更好的增殖放流效果,建议调整放流方法、放流地点、加强渔政管理和宣传教育。     

长江下游镇江和畅洲北汊江段鱼类群落多样性研究

在和畅洲北汊开展鱼类资源调查评估,丰富鱼类资源本底资料,为长江中下游流域鱼类生物多样性保护及加强镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区就地保护工作提供科学依据。2015年2月至2016年1月,采用定置张网采集渔获物,每月监测2 d,每天放网24 h。结果显示,共采集鱼类48种,隶属7目13科38属,以鲤形目和鲈形目占优,分别占总种类数的74.47%和10.20%;鱼类生态类型以淡水定居性、杂食性、中下层占优;群落优势种为鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simony);渔获物规格以单尾均重50 g以下的鱼类占优;基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为：丰富度指数(R) 5.67,Shannon-wiener指数(H’) 2.68,优势度指数(D) 0.12,均匀度指数(E) 0.30;聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序表明,调查江段鱼类群聚在不同时间段内存在差异,鱼类群落结构存在极显著差异,同时种间的分离程度高。     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

Imported ornamental fish are colonized with antibiotic‐resistant bacteria

There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.     

Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load

This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.     

Nitrogenous waste excretion and accumulation of urea and ammonia inChalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey)

The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I^–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg^–1 fish·h^–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g^–1·ml^–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min^–1·g^–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min^–1·g^–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.     

Influence of the antibacterial herbs, Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia on the survival, growth and bacterial load of Penaeus monodon post larvae

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 10³ to 3.76 × 10⁵ cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 10⁵ cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.