共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
云南不同生态蔗区甘蔗施肥现状分析与评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2.
根据广西柳州9县1952~1990年甘蔗逐年产量和7县25年含糖量资料,在采用方差分析和滑动相关分析确定影响甘蔗产量和品质的关系发育期及气候影响因素的基础上,建立气候影响方程,并提出气候产量和气候含糖量的影响指数(Cy与Cs)。结合甘蔗产区38站17年气象整编资料,对我国蔗区作出气候生产力分析和区划,为今后扩大甘蔗种植面积提高单产和品质提供切实有效的分析数据。 相似文献
3.
4.
不同种植制度对土壤养分及经济效益的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
试验探讨了几种主要种植制度对土壤养分及其产量、经济效益的影响。结果表明:不同的种植制度,结合相应的施肥管理制度,即能达到高产高效和提高土壤肥力的目的;增加投入、提高复种指数,就能更有效地提高土地生产力。 相似文献
5.
研究菠萝-甘蔗轮作制对甘蔗生长及土壤生态的影响结果表明,菠萝-甘蔗轮作甘蔗产量和糖度均高于甘蔗-甘蔗连作;与连作田相比轮作田可改善土壤通气性和蓄水能力,加速土壤速效养分的释放,增强土壤酶活性和增加土壤微生物总量;有益的氨化细菌和硝化细菌成倍增加,而无益的厌氧性细菌、反硝化细菌则受抑制。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
经1995年和1996年两个年度的试验证明,甘蔗专用高效液肥“蔗丰灵”具有显著的增产增糖双重效果。在甘蔗生长期间喷施两次“蔗丰灵”,能促进蔗茎伸长增粗,降低黑穗病发病率,提高甘蔗产量12.14%~17.03%;而且还明显改善甘蔗品质,提高甘蔗蔗糖分0.79%~1.88%(绝对值)。 相似文献
9.
蔗叶中含有大量甘蔗所必须的碳、氮、磷、钾及其他微量元素,是一种数量多、可就地利用的优质有机肥源。蔗叶还田是缓解当前有机肥源不足的一项有效措施,也是增加土壤有机物和保持土壤生产力的重要途径,合理利用这部分资源对蔗糖产业的可持续性发展具有重要的现实意义。针对国内外蔗叶还田技术的生态效应及对土壤性状和甘蔗产量的影响方面做一综合阐述。基于我国蔗叶还田的研究现状,指出应加强蔗叶还田长期定位监测试验,在建立监测数据库和不同技术标准、农机农艺结合及新型农机研发、病虫草害综合防治等方面需进一步开展系统、深入的研究。 相似文献
10.
为了给测土配方施肥提供土壤供肥能力的参考依据,1987年至2005年在土壤肥力较一致的马肝泥田上进行了土壤供肥能力的多点田间试验。结果表明,气候对土壤供肥能力影响显著。土壤供肥能力:高温少雨年份K2O〉N〉P2O5,低温多雨年份P2O5〉K2O〉N,正常年份K2O〉P2O5〉N。土壤供肥比例(N:P2O5:K2O):高温少雨年份为1:0.23:0.58,低温多雨年份为1:0.29:0.56,正常年份为1:0.25:0.62。 相似文献
11.
不同种植模式对甘蔗根际土壤生物学特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
甘蔗多年单一化的宿根栽培导致甘蔗产量下降,而套种豆科作物能较明显地提高宿根蔗产量。本研究以赣蔗18 的新植栽培、 宿根栽培和宿根/大豆套种栽培的甘蔗根际土壤为对象,结合土壤微生物区系、 土壤酶活性,甘蔗基本农艺性状及其产量、 质量指标,揭示宿根蔗套种大豆的增产机制及生物学意义。结果表明,不同种植模式下甘蔗蔗糖含量基本一致,但宿根蔗套种大豆由于茎径粗大而较宿根连作表现出明显的产量优势。不同栽培模式下甘蔗根际土壤酶活性有显著差异,套种明显提高了宿根蔗根际土壤酶活性,尤其是与碳、 氮、 磷循环相关的蔗糖酶、 脲酶、 酸性磷酸单酯酶。不同栽培模式下甘蔗根际土壤微生物总量有显著性差异,单一宿根连作甘蔗根际土壤微生物总量和细菌/真菌比例降低,而宿根蔗套种大豆根际土壤微生物总量和细菌/真菌比例提高,使甘蔗根际土壤微生物从真菌型向细菌型转变。总之,单一的宿根连作可导致根际土壤总微生物量及酶活性下降,引起土壤微生物介导的营养循环受阻,从而使甘蔗产量下降,而宿根蔗套种大豆模式对根际土壤微生物区系具有明显的改善作用,宿根蔗具有明显的产量优势。 相似文献
12.
为揭示不同粉垄深度对甘蔗地土壤孔隙结构的影响,基于广西甘蔗地不同粉垄深度耕作试验,利用CT扫描成像技术和Image J 获取粉垄浅耕(F20,耕作深度20 cm)与粉垄深耕(F40,耕作深度40 cm)两个处理甘蔗土0 ~ 40 cm 土层土壤孔隙结构。结果表明:与F20 处理相比,F40 处理显著增加了土壤不同孔径级别的二维和三维孔隙数量。在甘蔗根系主要生长区的0 ~ 20 cm 土层内,F40 处理显著提高了土壤的孔隙面密度,并显著降低了土壤的孔隙复杂度。同时在0 ~ 40 cm 土层内F40 处理的土壤孔隙度、分支长度密度和连通性分别显著高于F20 处理74.13%、151.39% 和51.21%。土壤孔隙三维空间分布显示,F40 处理的点状孔隙数量在0 ~ 20 cm 土层明显多于F20 处理,且孔隙分布更密集,这也反映出F40 处理的土壤具有更大的连通可能性。而在20 ~ 40 cm土层,F40 处理的点状孔隙与长条形孔隙在数量上较F20 处理均无明显差异,但F40 处理的长条形孔隙向四周呈散射状分布,较F20 处理长条形孔隙竖直分布可能更有利于增强土壤储水能力及植物根系对养分的吸收。研究表明,粉垄深耕可有效增加广西甘蔗地的土壤不同孔径级别的孔隙数量,且使上层土壤孔隙排列紧密、孔隙边界的不规则性降低,同时提高土壤的孔隙度、孔隙分支长度密度,从而提高土壤的孔隙连通性,对土壤孔隙结构的改善有一定积极影响,为广西甘蔗实现土壤良性发展提供了理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
13.
干旱条件下南方红壤丘陵地区水分平衡 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
全球变暖背景下近些年中国南方地区干旱气候事件频发,水土资源匹配态势并不乐观。论文以吉泰盆地为案例区,采用标准化降水指数,系统诊断吉泰盆地近50a的干旱态势,识别干旱的类型与强度;构建水分平衡模型,重演历史干旱气候条件下南方红壤丘陵地区耕地、林地等主要用地类型的水分平衡。研究表明,1960-2010年,吉泰盆地近30%的年份发生了干旱,频率较高。其中,轻旱发生的频次最高,特旱位居其次,吉泰盆地干旱大多发生于伏秋期间;无旱气候条件下,吉泰盆地水分平衡量约为448mm,自然降水整体可以满足林地和耕地等主要用地类型的水分需求,水分盈余是其平衡关系的基本特征,盈余量整体呈现河谷、平原低于丘陵、山地的空间格局;轻、中、重和特旱气候条件下,吉泰盆地耕地水分平衡量由无旱态势下的盈余转为亏缺,林地的水分盈余量下降幅度在37.87%~77.80%;轻、中、重旱气候条件,吉泰盆地的水分平衡量较无旱时依次下降了55.07%、70.28%和96.08%;在特旱气候条件下,缺水量达72mm;随着干旱程度的加剧,吉泰盆地水分盈余量降低、亏缺量增加。 相似文献
14.
15.
北方旱区保护性耕作对农田土壤水分的影响 总被引:12,自引:10,他引:12
土壤水分是中国北方旱区农业生产的主要限制因子,研究保护性耕作技术体系下土壤水分的动态变化,明确不同耕作模式下的水分平衡规律,对于选择适宜的保护性耕作技术,提高北方旱区土壤水分的利用效率具有重要的指导意义。该文在2a田间试验的基础上采用DSSAT模型对4个不同保护性耕作处理的土壤体积含水量、水分平衡以及水分利用效率进行了模拟和检验。结果表明干旱年份保护性耕作处理土壤体积含水量较传统耕作高,RMSE误差在0.025~0.063;干旱年份传统耕作土壤储水量减少最多,为144.6mm,降水较多年份减少也最多,为46.1mm;干旱年份水分利用效率1.52~1.78kg/m3,免耕覆盖水分利用效率最高,降水较多年份水分利用效率1.70~1.71kg/m3,各处理间差异并不显著。研究结果为保护性耕作技术对农田土壤水分的影响研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
16.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):786-793
Abstract Laboratory incubations were conducted to investigate nitrous oxide (N2O) production from a subtropical arable soil (Typic Plinthodults) incubated at different soil moisture contents (SMC) and with different nitrogen sources using a 10% (v/v) acetylene (C2H2) inhibitory technique at 25°C. The production of N2O and CO2 was monitored during the incubations and changes in the contents of KCl-extractable NO? 3-N and NH+ 4-N were determined. The production of N2O increased slightly with an increase in SMC from 40% water-holding capacity (WHC) to 70% WHC, but increased dramatically at 100% WHC. After incubation the NO? 3-N content increased even at a SMC of 100% WHC. At a SMC of 100% WHC, the addition of NH+ 4-N promoted the production of N2O and CO2, whereas the addition of NO? 3-N decreased N2O production. Compared with the incubation without C2H2, the presence of C2H2 increased NH+ 4-N content, but decreased NO? 3-N content, and there was no significant difference in N2O production. These results indicate that heterotrophic nitrification contributes to N2O production in the soil. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2887-2901
Abstract Sugarcane production in Barbados has declined since the 1950s. Plant nutrition and fertilization deficiencies are generally believed to negatively influence yields in Barbados. The objective of this study was to identify nutritional and environmental factors related to sugarcane yields. Leaf analyses, respective crop yields, and other data were collected from the Barbados Sugar Industry Ltd. during the period 1985–1990. The database was constructed from 2,853 site observations, consisting of crop cane yield (Mt/ha), soil grouping, ecological grouping, growing elevation, and leaf tissue analysis [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)]. Simple mean separation and tree‐based regression were used to identify nutritional and environmental factors associated with sugarcane yields. Twenty‐three environments were delineated by tree‐based regression, in which plant nutrient deficiencies (i.e., yield limiting) were identified. One environment described N‐deficient conditions, four environments described P‐deficient conditions, and five environments described K‐deficient conditions. Different critical leaf nutrient concentrations were related to yields. A single nutrient norm under different environments may be misleading. If current fertilizer recommendations are adhered to by growers in Barbados, attention to additional fertilization should be given only under these environments. 相似文献
18.
乙烯利对不同甘蔗品种光合特性的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本试验选用4个熟性不同的甘蔗品种桂糖11号、桂糖17号、新台糖10号、新台糖20号作为供试材料,在甘蔗生长前期以100mg/L乙烯利进行叶面喷施,测定了叶片中C4途径的两个关键光合酶活性、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,并分析了这些因素与甘蔗生长的关系。结果表明:(1)乙烯利处理可以提高甘蔗叶片中NADP—苹果酸酶的活性,而对磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)的活性因品种不同有一定差异,对桂糖11号与桂糖17号有明显的促进效应,而对新台糖20号却表现了一定的抑制。(2)乙烯利处理提高了叶片中叶绿素的含量。(3)乙烯利处理可以提高甘蔗的光合速率和蒸腾速率,但对不同品种的效应不同,尤以对桂糖11号和新台糖10号的效应最明显。 相似文献
19.
Soil stability, nitrogen and carbon fixation were assessed for eight biological soil crust community types within a Mojave Desert wilderness site. Cyanolichen crust outperformed all other crusts in multi-functionality whereas incipient crust had the poorest performance. A finely divided classification of biological soil crust communities improves estimation of ecosystem function and strengthens the accuracy of landscape-scale assessments. 相似文献
20.
农业管理措施对中国不同农业区域土壤有机碳平衡的差异性影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Improving management of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been considered as a substantial mitigation strategy to climate change. Management such as stubble retention (SR), conservation tillage (ZT), and fertilization are recommended for both promoting production and accumulating SOC. However, whether such management practices can cause net increase in SOC or just a slow-down of SOC decline largely depends on the current status of SOC for a given region. This paper synthesized the available SOC data in the croplands of China, and analysed the change of SOC in the top 20 cm soil as a result of management change. The results showed that, on average, SOC increased by 18.3% through SR, by 9.1% through ZT, and by 12.4%, 36.9% and 41.5% through application of inorganic (IF), organic (OF) and combined inorganic and organic fertilizers (IOF), respectively, compared to those under stubble removal, conventional tillage and no fertilization. Under SR, ZT, IF, OF and IOF, SOC increased by 16.0%, 10.2%, 8.2%, 32.2% and 41.3%, respectively, at the end of the trials compared with the initial values at the start of the trials. Our analysis also showed that in Northeast and Northwest China, SOC in agricultural soils is still decreasing due to cultivation. In North and South China, however, SOC appears to have reached a new equilibrium of low SOC state after a long cultivation history, and soils have greater potential to sequester C. Our analysis highlights the need of taking account of the baseline status to assess the net soil C balance over time and space. 相似文献