计算机控制系统在糖厂锅炉中的应用

1 概述 锅炉是糖厂生产中不可缺少的动力设备,它所产生的蒸汽不仅为制糖生产中的澄清、蒸发、成糖以及酒精生产中的发酵蒸馏等过程提供热源,而目也作为发电车间的动力来源,为全厂提供不可缺少的电能。然而,老式锅炉由于管理水平和自动化水平较低,绝大多数采用操作人员肉眼观察,根据经验进行手动操作,这对锅炉的能源节省、安全运行、环境保护、工作条件的改善带来了许多不良的因素。如何提高锅炉的管理和自动化水平,保证锅炉的经济运行,提高锅炉的安全系数,保护生态环境,改善工人的工作     

压榨自动化控制系统在糖厂中的应用

目前，我国制糖企业的自动化水平相当低，生产过程的机械和设备基本是靠人工操作或监控，同等规模的糖厂我国需要每班两百名操作工，而国外自动化程度高的仅需几人或十几人。制糖企业的信息化管理则更是一个陌生的名词，不用说与欧美国家相比，就是与国内其它行业比较也已经远远落     

计算机控制系统在糖厂锅炉中的应用

锅炉是糖厂生产中不可缺少的动力设备，它所产生的蒸汽不仅为制糖生产中的澄清、蒸发、成糖以及酒精生产中的发酵蒸馏等过程提供热源，而且也作为发电车间的动力来源，为全厂提供不可缺少的电能。然而，老式锅炉由于管理水平和自动化水平较低，绝大多数采用操作人员肉眼观察．根据经验进行手动操作．这对锅炉的能源节省、安全运行、环境保护、工作条件的改善带采了许。     

自卸式除铁器在糖厂的应用和探讨

糖厂许多工序上都使用有除铁器,但目前使用的大部分都是非自动的,都需要停机后人工清除铁锈,自卸式除铁器的应用不多,文章通过分析各工序除铁器使用情况,提出更合理、高效选用合适的自卸除铁器的必要性.     

石灰旋流除渣技术在糖厂的应用

本文通过对几种石灰乳除渣设备工作原理、使用情况进行分析，重点论述了目前最为有效的石灰旋流除渣技术，并以生产数据为依据，总结出使用旋流除渣方法来过滤石灰乳杂质是较好的一套方法，应在糖厂中推广应用。     

设备智能化综合管理系统在糖厂的应用

本文论述了设备智能化综合管理系统在糖厂中设备维修期和榨季期中的功能和应用,为进一步提高糖厂生产安全率提供信息技术的管理方法。     

蒸汽喷射式混合器在糖厂热电站的应用

介绍蒸汽喷射式混合器在甘蔗糖厂热电站中的应用技术,回收汽轮机轴封漏汽,以达到节能降耗的目的。     

浅谈立式助晶机在糖厂的应用

本文介绍了四方实业股份有限公司使用新型立式助晶机的情况和取得的效果,指出了新型立式助晶机是一种能力大,助晶效果好,运行稳定的制糖设备.     

高效石灰及其消和新技术在糖厂的应用

本文分析了目前糖厂石灰使用过程中存在的问题,介绍了糖用高效石灰生产的原理及其消和新技术的特点,总结了糖用高效石灰及其消和新技术在糖厂的应用效果。     

甘蔗机械化种植不同宽窄行行距新植、宿根试验

甘蔗种植以宽窄行方式进行生产管理,可以降低投入,提高产量和糖分,方便管理,增加经济效益。通过对甘蔗机械化种植三种不同的宽窄行行距与传统行距的一年新植与一年宿根的比较试验,试验结果表明：行距（1．4＋0．5）m宽窄双行与行距（1．6＋0．4）m宽窄双行在农艺性状、蔗茎产量、甘蔗糖分和经济效益各方面综合表现优于对照（行距1．2m单行）。有进一步进行试验、示范、推广价值。     

Ethanolic fermentation of phosphoric acid hydrolysates from olive tree pruning

The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of using phosphoric acid to hydrolyze the hemicellulosic fraction of olive tree pruning, as a step in the bioconversion process to produce ethanol. Milled olive tree pruning was submitted to hydrolysis at 90 °C by phosphoric acid in a concentration range 0.3–8N for 240 min. The hydrolysates were then fermented by Pachysolen tannophilus. The hydrolysis stage was evaluated by the evolution of glucose and reducing sugars generated and by the conversion of hemicellulose fraction. The main parameters determined in the fermentation were: maximum specific growth rate, specific substrate consumption rate, specific ethanol production rate and ethanol yield. The maximum ethanol yield (0.38 kg/kg, equivalent to 74.5% of the theoretical yield) was obtained when hydrolysing with 0.5N phosphoric acid. Hemicellulose conversion is however incomplete at these operational conditions. Higher acid concentrations lead to higher hydrolysis of hemicellulose, but the ethanol yields resulting from the fermentation are lower.     

The acid doping behavior of polybenzimidazole membranes in phosphoric acid for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

The acid doping behavior of poly(2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) (PBI) membranes in aqueous phosphoric acid was studied at room temperature. It was found that doping phosphoric acid in the membrane obeyed a multimolecular layer absorption mechanism proposed in this work. Equation, i.e., 1/[L ^T ] _B =(1 − C ₀/17.5)/2.1, was presented to describe the relationship of the acid doping level of membranes and the concentration of the doping acid in a range of 2–14 mol L⁻¹. The acid doping kinetics as well as the influence of the doped acids on the conductivity and mechanical strength of the PBI membranes was investigated.     

Optimization of phosphoric acid catalyzed fractionation and enzymatic digestibility of flax shives

Flax shives are the woody residue left over from processing flax straw into fiber, and are an abundant renewable lignocellulosic material with a potential for the conversion into bioethanol and other value added products. In this study, prior to enzymatic hydrolysis for the liberation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose and xylose, flax shives were treated with concentrated phosphoric acid. In order to optimize the phosphoric acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis steps, the effects of three process variables on the fractionation of flax shives, and enzymatic digestibility of pretreated flax shives were evaluated. The optimization process employed a central composite design (CCD), where the variables selected were concentration of phosphoric acid (40.8–86.2%), pretreatment time (9.5–110.5 min), and cellulase loading (13.1–71.9 FPU/g cellulose). Using three-variable and five-level CCD, all tested independent variables were identified to have significant effects (P < 0.05) on the digestibility of pretreated flax shives. It was found that the level of phosphoric acid (P < 0.0001) affects the digestibility most significantly when compared with other variables. When the optimization was conducted under a constrain of minimum cellulase loading, the maximum digestibility of 94.8% was predicted when the phosphoric acid concentration, pretreatment time, and cellulase loading were 86.2%, 110.5 min, and 13.1 FPU/g cellulose at 50 °C and 120 h, respectively. Under these conditions, digestibility of pretreated flax shives in the validation study reached a maximum of 93% at 120 h of incubation, showing good agreement with the values from the validation experiment of 93.4%, indicating high accuracy of the CCD procedure. When triticale straw, pine wood, and poplar wood were pretreated and hydrolyzed under optimum conditions obtained from the flax shives experiment, the digestibility reached 98.2, 74.8, and 95.7%, respectively, suggesting that the modest pretreatment process using phosphoric acid is an effective method for perennial plants as well as hard wood.     

制糖澄清剂-6528在甘蔗制糖中的应用

通过实际生产查定、及相关经济技术指标完成情况比较，介绍了制糖澄清剂—6528在甘蔗制糖应用中取得的效果。     

一种原生态红糖澄清工艺的研究

研究了以壳聚糖作为混合汁澄清剂,采用上浮澄清技术,对混合汁进行澄清处理,在提高清汁质量时,尽可以保存营养成分。结果显示,壳聚糖上浮澄清的清汁浊度比土法红糖的降低了81.68%,清汁酚含量比亚硫酸法的高18.5%,氨基氮高10.7%,蛋白质高26.7%,淀粉降低20.8%;其最佳澄清工艺条件为一次加热至40℃,壳聚糖添加量80mg/L,500目筛网过滤。     

“烟道气CO2饱充，蔗汁渣沫分离”技术在亚硫酸法糖厂澄清工艺的应用与探讨

文章介绍了"烟道气CO2饱充,蔗汁渣沫分离"技术应用于亚硫酸法糖厂澄清工段的生产情况,取得了较好的成果.与传统的亚硫酸法生产工艺比较,该技术具有成本低、易于操作、提高产品质量和环保等优势.指出采用"烟道气CO2饱充,蔗汁渣沫分离"技术,是优化亚硫酸法糖厂澄清工艺的主流方向.     

Effect of surface treatment on the structure and properties of para-aramid fibers by phosphoric acid

The surface of para-aramid fiber was modified by phosphoric acid solutions (H3PO4) based on an orthogonal experimental design and analysis method. Statistical results indicate that treatment temperature is the most significant variable in the modification processing, while treatment time was the least important factor. The structure and morphology of the modified fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that some polar groups were introduced into the molecular structure of aramid fibers and the physical structure of the treated fibers was not etched obviously. The interfacial properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites were investigated by the single fiber pull-out test (SFP), and the mechanical properties of aramid fibers were investigated by the tensile strength test. The results showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid/epoxy composites was remarkably improved and the breaking strength of aramid fibers was not affected appreciably after surface modification.