纤维素复合酶对不同生长阶段肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

选用128羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%和0.15%的纤维素复合酶的日粮,研究添加不同水平纤维素复合酶对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,1～21日龄时,与对照组相比,0.1%和0.15%纤维素复合酶显著提高了血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALP)、球蛋白(GLP)、无机磷和血脂水平,且0.1%组显著提高了谷草转氨酶(GOP)(P0.05)和谷丙转氨酶(GTP)活性(P0.05),降低了尿酸含量(P0.05);22～49日龄时,与对照组相比,0.1%纤维素酶使血清总蛋白、球蛋白、无机磷、血脂和GOP水平分别显著提高了22.04%(P0.05)、35.48%(P0.05)、115.03%(P0.05)、10.62%(P0.05)和43.51%(P0.05)。综合各项指标,以0.1%纤维素复合酶在1～21日龄添加效果最好。     

复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

为了探讨以乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合配制的益生菌制剂在肉仔鸡上的应用效果,试验选用健康的1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡400只,随机分为5组,分别为基础日粮(对照组,A组),基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%的复合益生菌制剂(试验组B、C、D、E),试验为期42 d。结果表明,添加复合益生菌制剂试验组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P <0.05),且以0.6%添加剂量的效果最佳(P <0.05),添加0.4%、0.6%和0.8%复合益生菌制剂试验组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P <0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P <0.05);与对照组相比,日粮添加0.4%、0.6%和0.8%的复合益生菌制剂显著降低了肉仔鸡21日龄时血清中血糖水平(P <0.05),添加0.4%、0.6%的复合益生菌制剂还显著提高了肉仔鸡42日龄血清中总蛋白水平(P <0.05);此外,与对照组相比,0.4%、0.6%和0.8%的复合益生菌制剂显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄和42日龄血清中免疫球蛋白G的水平(P <0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加以乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母菌配制的复合益生菌制剂可以显著提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重、降低料重比,改善生产性能,增强肉鸡的免疫功能,且以0.6%添加剂量的效果为最优。     

Effect of weaning on behavior and serum parameters in dairy goat kids

This study aimed at investigating the effects of weaning kids abruptly at an average of 55 ± 13 days of age on intake, behavioral and serum parameters and, lasted for a total of six weeks; two weeks pre-weaning and four weeks post-weaning. Sixteen single kids with equal gender were used. Kids were only allowed to stay with their mothers for suckling (45 min/period) both in the morning and in the evening period during pre-weaning. Grower concentrate and hay were offered ad libitum . The duration of the study was divided into three periods for the sampling of behavioral and serum parameters; (i) pre-weaning period lasting for two weeks (P-BW) (ii) early post-weaning period lasting for one week (P-AW1) and (iii) late post-weaning period lasting for three weeks (P-AW2). Daily weight gain of kids gradually decreased as the observation period progressed ( P  = 0.001). However concentrate feed intake increased from 0.154 kg/day in P-BW to 0.479 kg/day in P-AW1 and 0.499 kg/day in P-AW2. Water intake, rumination and standing behaviors decreased in P-AW2 ( P  < 0.001), whereas activity towards concentrate feed (CF) ( P  < 0.001) and roughage ( P  = 0.012) increased as compared to P-BW and P-AW1. Abnormal oral activity was not affected by the periods ( P  = 0.906). CF was significantly higher in females ( P  = 0.003), whereas males displayed higher lying behavior ( P  = 0.007). Glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations ( P  = 0.001) and ALP activity ( P  = 0.003) were significantly affected by the periods. The results of the present study suggest that behavioral and serum parameters across the periods describe changes in the nutritional conditions as a result of the transition from milk to solid feed in association with weaning.     

Growth performance,carcass criteria,and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with either synbiotic or prebiotic under hot climatic conditions

ABSTRACT

1. Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of either prebiotic or synbiotic on growth performance, carcass yield, organ weights, and serum metabolic profile of broilers under hot climatic conditions.

2. In experiment 1, 150 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were fed dietary synbiotic (Biomin® IMBO, 0, 1 or 1.5 g kg^?1 of the starter diets and 0, 0.5 or 0.75 g kg^?1 of the grower diets) for 6 weeks. In experiment 2, 150 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were fed dietary prebiotic (Mannan oligosaccharide 0, 0.5 or 1 g kg^?1 of the starter diets and 0, 0.25 or 0.5 g kg^?1 of the grower diets) for 6 weeks. Each treatment had 10 replicates containing 5 broiler chickens each.

3. Supplementation of synbiotic at 1 or 1.5 g kg^?1 feed to broiler diets during 1–21 d and 0.5 or 0.75 g kg^?1 feed, respectively, during 22–42 d improved (P < 0.01) body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and decreased (P < 0.01) abdominal fat, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in experiment 1.

4. Similarly, supplementation of the prebiotic at 0.5 or 1 g kg^?1 in broiler diets during 1–21 d and 0.25 or 0.50 g kg^?1 feed, respectively, during 22–42 d improved (P < 0.01) body weight gain, FCR, and decreased (P < 0.01) abdominal fat, serum cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels in experiment 2.     

不同属种肉类对大鼠血清生化指标与抗氧化能力的影响

探讨了不同属种肉类对大鼠血清生化指标和抗氧化机能的影响。试验选取体重约177 g的雄性SD大鼠90只,随机分为3组即狗肉组、羊肉组、鸭肉组,分别将日粮中的主要蛋白源替换为狗肉、羊肉、鸭肉(CP 31%)。试验期为4周。结果表明:饲喂狗肉和羊肉能显著提高大鼠生长性能,且前者使得大鼠血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著升高(P<0.01);而饲喂鸭肉使得大鼠血清丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)活性显著升高(P<0.05),天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、血清尿素氮(BUN)活性极显著升高(P<0.01)。不同属种的肉之间,鸭肉组肝脏和肾脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均极显著升高(P<0.01)。结果提示:饲喂狗肉和羊肉能促进机体蛋白质合成,有利于蛋白质沉积;饲喂鸭肉则具有增强机体抗氧化的能力。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、血清相关指标及肠道菌群的影响

将480只30周龄海赛克斯褐壳蛋鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验组（Ⅱ～Ⅳ）分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、300mg／kg水平的芽孢杆菌制剂。结果显示,Ⅱ组产蛋率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈O．05）,料蛋比有所降低但不显著（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组白蛋白和血糖含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,芽孢杆菌对总蛋白、尿酸、总胆固醇和甘油三酯无显著性影响（P〉0．05）。各试验组ⅠgA和IgG含量均比对照组有所提高,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组C3浓度显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ组C4浓度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组回肠大肠杆菌的数量较Ⅰ组显著降低（P〈0．05）,乳酸杆菌显著提高（P〈O．05）。结果表明,芽孢杆菌制剂能够改善蛋鸡的生产性能,提高机体免疫力,促进肠道健康;蛋鸡日粮中添加100mg／kg芽孢杆菌制剂效果最佳。     

寒冷季节光照制度对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在评估寒冷季节延长光照时间对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响.试验将15周龄、平均体重为(54.26±0.17)kg的352头三元商品肥猪随机分为2组,每组176头,每组8个重复.整个试验期间(15～24?w),外界环境温度为-10℃～-5℃,对照组采用常规光照模式(光照12?h,黑暗12?h),处理组...     

功能性添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

为研究功能性添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响,试验选用初始体重为(7.8±0.6)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白三元健康仔猪240头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复12头猪。以基础饲粮为对照组,试验组饲粮分别补充啤酒酵母菌、碱性蛋白酶和枯草芽孢杆菌,添加量均为200 mg/kg。试验期为24 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加碱性蛋白酶组饲料增重比下降了4.94%(P<0.05),断奶仔猪血清葡萄糖、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和球蛋白含量分别提高了10.43%、17.00%和15.15%(P<0.05);(2)与对照组相比,饲粮中分别添加碱性蛋白酶、啤酒酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪血清谷丙转氨酶活性分别提高47.91%、39.76%、43.54%(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,饲粮中补充枯草芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪的血清尿素氮水平降低了22.02%(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能的改善程度优于枯草芽孢杆菌和啤酒酵母菌。     

丁酸梭菌替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同水平丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,选择2 000只体重相近、健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复100只鸡.空白对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素对照组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg金霉素,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、400、600 g/t丁酸梭...     

Evaluation of haematological,serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of growing rabbits fed Amaranthus dubius

Amaranthus dubius is an alternative source of fibre and protein for the feed formulation for growing rabbits, although its effects on their health status are yet unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of three dietary levels (0, 160 and 320 g/kg) of A. dubius on haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters of fattening rabbits. One hundred and thirteen New Zealand White rabbits were fed ad libitum from weaning (35 days) to slaughter (87 days). The health status of the animals was monitored, and mortality was recorded. Before slaughtering, 30 rabbits were randomly selected for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. During slaughter, 18 rabbits were randomly selected for histopathological study in heart, liver, lung and small intestine. The health status of rabbits was good, with no differences among treatments in mortality. Diet and sex did not affect the values of most haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fibrinogen, glucose and high‐density lipoprotein values increased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The white blood cell count and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values decreased significantly from 0 to 320 g/kg A. dubius diets. The organs showed histologically well‐structured tissues. However, in all experimental groups several samples with lesions were observed, always highly focalized in small tissue areas. The main lesions observed, probably related to conditions of thermal stress affecting the rabbits, were cholesterolosis (heart), steatosis (liver), inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (lung) and chronic inflammatory tissue damage (small intestine). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 320 g/kg A. dubius in diet did not jeopardize the health status of growing rabbits. Therefore, A. dubius can become an alternative raw material for the formulation of feeds in tropical and subtropical countries where this plant is widespread.     

Comparison of alfaxalone and propofol on haematological and serum biochemical variables in cats undergoing radiotherapy with sevoflurane maintenance

ObjectiveTo evaluate effects of repeated alfaxalone or propofol administration on haematological and serum biochemical variables in cats undergoing radiotherapy.Study designProspective, block-randomized, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 39 client-owned cats.MethodsAfter butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (0.1 mg kg^–1) sedation, cats were randomly assigned to receive either alfaxalone or propofol for induction of anaesthesia and sevoflurane maintenance. Cats were anaesthetized daily with the same induction agent for 10–12 days. Complete blood counts, reticulocytes, Heinz body score and serum biochemistry were performed before the first treatment (T1), at T6, T10 and 3 weeks after the final treatment (T21). Cumulative induction agent dose for each cat at each time point was evaluated for an effect on Heinz body score. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05.ResultsAt baseline there were no significant differences in signalment or blood variables between groups. A significant decrease in haematocrit of 2.3% ± 0.77 (p = 0.02) between T1-T6 and T1-T10 [mean 4.1% (± 0.78, p < 0.0001)] was detected, with a significant increase in haematocrit of 2.1% ± 0.80 (p = 0.046) between T6-T21 and 4.0% ± 0.8 (p < 0.001) between T10-T21. Heinz body score significantly increased by 1.86 ± 0.616 (p = 0.013) between T1-T10. In the propofol group, reticulocytes increased significantly between T1-T6 [mean 23,090 μL^–1 ± 7670 (p = 0.02)] and T1-T10 [mean 27,440 μL^–1 ± 7990 (p = 0.007)]. Mean cumulative dose at T10 was 19.65 mg kg^–1 ± 5.3 and 43.4 mg kg^–1 ± 14.4 for alfaxalone and propofol, respectively, with no significant effect on Heinz body formation at any time point.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceHaematocrit decreased in both groups with recovery after 3 weeks. Repeated alfaxalone and propofol administration was not associated with marked haematological or serum biochemistry changes.     

Effects of storage time and freezing temperature on clinical chemical parameters from canine serum and heparinized plasma

To assess changes in 24 blood constituents in frozen serum and heparinized plasma, blood samples were drawn from 10 clinically normal German Shepherd army dogs. The storage characteristics of nine enzymes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, lipase), and 15 metabolites and minerals (albumin, bile acids, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, glucose, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglycerides, urea) were studied. Parallel samples of serum and heparinized plasma were stored for 90 and 240 days at two different storage temperatures, -200 degrees C and -700 degrees C. Sixteen of the 24 analytes (ALP, ALT, amylase, AST, CK, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, fructosamine, magnesium, phosphate, urea) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes during the storage period related to storage time, storage temperature, and sample type. Seven of the analytes (amylase, GGT, GLDH, LDH, bile acids, fructosamine, magnesium) showed changes of possible clinical importance with mean differences from baseline larger than 20% for the enzymes and 10% for the metabolites and minerals during the storage periods.     

Breed‐associated variability in serum biochemical analytes in four large‐breed dogs

Background: Genetic background can influence the expected values of hematologic and serum biochemical analytes in domestic animal species. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are breed‐related differences in serum biochemical variables in healthy purebred dogs of 4 breeds and to develop appropriate reference intervals. Methods: Alaskan Malamutes (n=59), Siberian Huskies (n=78), Golden Retrievers (n=90), and English Setters (n=77) were included in the study. The dogs had a median age of 42 months (range 10–112 months) and each breed included a mix of intact and neutered dogs of both sexes. Serum biochemical profiles (Olympus AU400e) were performed along with physical examinations, CBCs, and urinalyses to ensure dogs were clinically healthy. Differences in the values of biochemical analytes were assessed nonparametrically and reference intervals for all breeds combined were calculated as the central 95% percentile. Results: Significant differences were observed between breeds for all serum biochemical analytes except alkaline phosphatase, glucose, and chloride. The analyte ranges had a large degree of overlap between the different breeds. Conclusions: Although many statistically significant breed‐related differences in serum biochemical values were observed, the differences were small and unlikely to have clinical relevance or impact medical decision making.     

饲粮阴离子配比对母猪生殖机能与血清生化指标的影响

选取胎次相近、体况相似、健康状况良好的长×大二元杂交空怀母猪100头,将其均分成5组,每组20头。第1、2、3、4、5组母猪被分别喂以D1、D2、D3、D4、D5试验饲粮。在饲养试验期间,测定母猪窝产仔数,仔猪初生重、成活率、断奶重,母猪产后发情间隔天数（空怀天数）、返情率等繁殖指标;并分别于母猪采食试验饲粮后5d、孕后30d、产仔后7d,每组取8头母猪前腔静脉采血,测定血清中Cl-、Na＋、HCO3-、FSH、LH、Pg含量,GPT、GOT活性等生化参数。根据各项指标测定的结果可推断：第3组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl 0．40％、NaHC3。0．40％）最宜;其次是第4组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO。0．80％）较宜;再次是第2组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比（即添加：NaCl0．40％、NaHCO30．80％）。第1、5组母猪饲粮中阴离子的配比似乎不够理想,即母猪饲粮中添加的NaCl过少（0．20％）或过多（0．80％）。     

伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能和有关血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡100羽,随机分成2组,试验组在基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮5 mg/kg。试验开始3周后宰杀40羽,6周后宰杀剩余的60羽,研究伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果显示,添喂伊普异黄酮分别使生长前期公鸡和母鸡增重提高2.21%、0.95%,血清尿酸含量降低27.06%(P<0.05)、1.06%,血清T3水平升高12.4%、9.67%,血清FT3水平升高56.51%(P<0.05)、7.06%;使整个生长期公鸡和母鸡增重提高10.73%(P<0.05)、5.86%,血清尿酸含量降低35.11%(P<0.05)、14.63%,血清T3水平升高42.56%(P<0.05)、73.24%(P<0.05),血清FT3水平升高126.56%(P<0.01)、85.88%(P<0.05),同时血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高,血清钙、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均明显降低。     

精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,选用30头(21±2)d断奶的健康、体重相近的仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,断奶当天起,分别每天口腔灌服0,300,600,900和1 200μmol的精胺,连续灌服3 d,试验期为14 d。结果表明:灌服900和1 200μmol的精胺,可显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05);在断奶后第7天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性分别降低了24.11%和23.17%(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量分别增加了50.31%和49.69%(P<0.05);在断奶后第14天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组DAO活性分别降低了16.80%和21.14%(P<0.05),而其他血液指标含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

日粮添加芽孢杆菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标、屠宰性能和盲肠微生物的影响

为探讨日粮中添加芽孢杆菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标、屠宰性能指标和盲肠微生物的影响,试验选取375羽7日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复25羽,试验Ⅰ～Ⅴ组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0、150、200、250 g/t和300 g/t芽孢杆菌制剂,连续饲喂49 d。结果显示,试验V组肉鸡血清中胰岛素含量比对照组高83.79%,屠宰率比对照组高了4.28%,试验组肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和总需氧菌数均少于对照组,乳酸杆菌数显著高于对照组,且试验V组与对照组相比以上指数差异显著。结果表明,日粮添加300 g/t芽孢杆菌制剂,持续饲喂49 d,可显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清胰岛素含量和屠宰率,促进盲肠中乳酸杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和总需氧菌的生长。     

Reference values for serum biochemical parameters in free-ranging harp seals

Background — The harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) is one of the most important predators in the Northeastern Atlantic ecosystem. Establishing biochemical reference intervals is important for evaluating the health status of harp seals kept in captivity and for evaluating the effects of environmental changes on the health of populations in the wild. Objective — The purpose of this study was to determine reference values for serum biochemical parameters in wild adult harp seals using readily available current methods. Methods — Blood samples were obtained from 14 adult female harp seals and 9 suckling pups on the pack ice of the Greenland Sea in early March 1998. Seven seals were humanely killed on the ice by permission of the Norwegian Directory for Fisheries and in conjunction with several other research projects. The seals were sampled within 15 minutes postmortem. Remaining seals were captured alive and sampled via the extradural intravertebral vein. Serum biochemical parameters were measured using a Technicon Axon analyzer and included electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and calcium), substrates (free fatty acids, triglycerides, fructosamine, and glucose), end products (urea and uric acid), and proteins (total protein, globulins, and albumin). Serum protein electrophoresis also was done. Data were tested for normality and reference limits were calculated as mean ±1.96 × SD. Results between groups were compared using 2‐tailed t‐tests. Results — Serum levels of glucose and triglycerides were lower, but serum levels of urea were higher in dead animals than in animals that were captured alive. Serum levels for 7 of 17 parameters were significantly different in pups compared with adults. Separate reference intervals were calculated for adult seals and seal pups. Conclusion — Both sampling method and age should be considered when evaluating the results of analysis of serum parameters in wild and captive harp seals.