世界动物卫生组织亚太区国家协调联系点研讨会在北京召开

3月25-27日,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)亚洲、远东和大洋洲地区委员会(以下简称"亚太区")国家协调联系点研讨会在北京召开。这是OIE为加强亚太区各成员兽医部门能力建设,重点提高信息交流传播意识,有效应对新兴媒体,处理重大动物疫情和食品安全危机等方面能力和水平而举办的一次重要会议。来自亚太区29个国家和地区,以及中国农业部有关兽医直属单位和科研院所的     

世界动物卫生组织亚太区国家协调联系点研讨会在北京召开

世界动物卫生组织(OIE)亚洲、远东和大洋洲地区委员会(以下简称"亚太区")国家协调联系点研讨会在北京召开。这是OIE为加强亚太区各成员兽医部门能力建设,重点提高信息交流传播意识,有效应对新兴媒体,处理重大动物疫情和食品安全危机等方面能力和水平而举办的一次重要会议。来自亚太区29个国家和地区,以及中国农业部有关兽医直属单位和科研院所的代表参加了会议。农业部兽医局局长张仲秋、OIE亚太区代表石桥智子、OIE联络部主任马玛甘尼出席研讨会开幕式并致辞。     

IPC:新冠疫情期间仍要保障家禽引种贸易

日前,国际家禽协会(IPC)已致信世界动物卫生组织(OIE)、联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)和世界贸易组织(WTO)的领导层,敦促他们支持在新冠肺炎疫情期间能够继续保持国际间家禽的引种贸易。近日,IPC主席Robin Horel在信中解释说,由于新冠疫情在全球的快速传播,各行各业受到前所未有的冲击,出于安全的考虑,全球各国开始加强戒备.对于全球家禽产业来说,国际航班的大面积停运,导致引种停滞。     

2004年8月国际动物疫情

综述了2004年8月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2004年3月国际动物疫情

综述了2004年3月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2005年1月国际动物疫情

综述了2005年1月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2005年3月国际动物疫情

综述了2005年3月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2004年2月国际动物疫情

综述了2004年2月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2003年11月国际动物疫情

综述了2003年11月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

2005年8月国际动物疫情

综述了2005年8月世界动物卫生组织(OIE)通报的国际动物疫情.     

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia

WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives.     

世界动物卫生组织抗生素耐药性控制策略研究

世界动物卫生组织(OIE)是动物卫生领域的权威国际组织。通过研究OIE相关标准和策略,为我国进一步加强兽用抗生素管理,更好地防治抗生素耐药性风险提供参考意见。     

A global livestock production and health atlas (GLiPHA) for interactive presentation,integration and analysis of livestock data

An interactive electronic atlas has been developed with the purpose of providing a scaleable overview of spatial and temporal variation in animal production and health-related information for decision and policy makers in national and international institutions. The information contained in the atlas is currently managed and presented using the Key Indicators Mapping System (KIMS), and will also be integrated using the Key Indicators Database System (KIDS). Both systems were developed by the World Agricultural Information Centre of the FAO (FAO-WAICENT), the former as a stand-alone application and the latter for access via the Internet. Components of the atlas include vector maps, livestock disease and production databases, rules for country-level disease risk classification and 'disease cards' containing basic background information on diseases included in the atlas. The disease data is currently based primarily on Office International des Epizooties (OIE) disease reports, and the livestock production data on the FAO-WAICENT database. The atlas is highly interactive and allows visual presentation of information using maps, tables and charts. It also contains links to relevant resource information on the Internet. Diseases covered in the animal health layer include most OIE List A diseases and a subset of OIE List B diseases. Extensive analyses have been conducted to develop a set of qualitative and semi-quantitative criteria that allow improved disease status classifications based on 5-years cumulative OIE disease reports, and official disease control declarations. Classification rules were determined depending on the epidemiological features of each disease and considering spatial heterogeneity of disease presence in local regions.     

裂谷热研究进展

裂谷热是一种烈性毒性人畜共患病,被OIE列为必须报告的疫病.幼年动物感染后,病死率高达100%.人感染此病后,病死率约为1%.2010年3月,南非再度发生疫情,导致186人感染,18人死亡;并调查出154例动物感染,146例死亡,感染动物病死率高达95%.该病的流行不但对人类健康和养殖业构成威胁,其病毒还可能被用于生物...     

国外公路动物卫生检查站情况综述

公路动物检查站作为控制动物疫病传播最有效的手段之一,已被FAO、OIE等国际组织及世界各国广泛认可和接受。目前主要畜牧业发达国家均已建立了公路动物防疫检查机制。本文通过全面介绍美国和欧盟公路动物检查站运行机制,分析其值得借鉴之处,以期为今后我国完善公路检查站体系提供参考。     

世界动物卫生组织和食品法典委员会两种风险分析系统及其专业术语的比较

比较了世界动物卫生组织（OIE）法典中使用的Covello—Merkhofer系统和由美国国家科学院（USNAS）设计的Codex Alimentarius食品法典采用的风险分析系统及其专用术语的不同。     

SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks,associated zoonotic concerns,and importance of the One Health approach during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected over 72.5 million people worldwide, with nearly 1.6 million deaths reported globally as of December 17, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated to have originated from bats and pangolins, and its intermediate animal hosts are being investigated. Crossing of the species barrier and exhibition of zoonosis have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 in farm (minks), domesticated (cats and dogs), and wild animals (tigers, puma, and lions). Recently, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink farms, which led to the death of a myriad minks. The clinical and pathological findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the rapid animal-to-animal transmission in minks are almost similar to the findings observed in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, the rapid virus transmission among minks and the associated mutations resulted in a new mink-associated variant that was identified in both minks and humans, thereby providing evidence of mink-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The new mink-associated SARS-CoV-2 variant with a possible reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies poses serious risks and is expected to have a direct effect on the diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, and vaccines that are currently under development. This article highlights the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, and provides an understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in minks and the associated zoonotic concerns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from minks to humans with an emphasis on appropriate mitigation measures and on the necessity of adopting the One Health approach during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Globalization, international trade and animal health: the new roles of OIE

In order for countries and their stakeholders to maximize the benefits of globalization they must become familiar with, and must adhere to, the rights and obligations set out by the World Trade Organization (WTO) under the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS). For the purpose of trade in animals and animal products, they must also adhere to the standards, guidelines and recommendations established by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Countries are also encouraged to participate in this standard setting process of the OIE. Only after implementing these requirements and after strengthening the veterinary infrastructures and their surveillance and monitoring systems, will countries be able to fully benefit from these new international trade rules.     

Role of the international organisation for animal health (Office International des Epizooties: OIE) in the control of foot and mouth disease

The author describes activities conducted by the International Organisation for Animal Health (OIE: Office International des Epizooties) to control foot and mouth disease (FMD) world-wide. These activities fall within the framework of the principal missions of the OIE.

The first of these missions is the collection and dissemination of epidemiological information and of scientific knowledge on animal diseases, the socio-economic or disease implications of which can be particularly serious. The implementation of the measures required to control the disease and to protect countries threatened by FMD depends on the quality and rapidity of the transmission of this information.

The co-ordination of studies, research and control programmes against FMD is equally important for the OIE. This work is based, in particular, on work conducted by the OIE foot and mouth disease and other epizootics Commission. OIE Member Countries not only have access to the most recent data on the diagnosis, surveillance and control of FMD but also have recourse to the official recognition procedure for disease-free status provided by this Commission.

Finally, through the standardisation of health recommendations, diagnostic tests, manufacture protocols and the control of biological products, made available by the OIE International Animal Health Code Commission in regard to the former and by the OIE Standards Commission in regard to the latter, the OIE provides the reference for international trade in animals and animal products, and is recognised in this role by the World Trade Organization.

Résumé

L'auteur décrit les actions conduites par l'Office international des épizootie (OIE) pour lutter contre la fièvre aphteuse dans le monde entire. Ces actions figurent parmi les principales missions de l'OIE.

La première de ces missions est la collecte et la diffusion d'informations épidémiologiques ainsi que des connaissances scientifiques sur les maladies animales qui peuvent avoir des répercussions socio-économiques particulièrement importantes. L'amélioration des mesures nécessaires pour lutter contre la maladie et pour protéger les pays menacés par la fièvre aphteuse dépend de la qualité et de la rapidité de transmission de ces informations.

La coordination d’études, de recherches et de programmes de lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse est également importante pour I'OIE. Ce travail repose en particulier sur celui de la Commission de I'O.I.E sur la fièvre aphteuse et les autres épizooties. Non seulement les Pays Membres de l'OIE ont accès aux données les plus récentes sur le diagnostic, la surveillance et la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse, mais ils bénéficient aussi de la procédure de reconnaissance officielle du statut de zone indemne gérée par cette Commission.

Enfin, à travers la standardisation des recommendations sanitaires, des tests de diagnostic, des protocoles de fabrication et du contrôle des produits biologiques réalisée par la Commission OIE du Code zoosanitaire et par la Commission OIE des normes, l'OIE constitue la référence pour le commerce international des animaux et des produits animaux, et il est reconnu dans ce rôle par I'OMC.     

Why must we rush to bury our dead (pigs): The option of excarnation by exposure

The accepted paradigm of foreign animal disease preparedness in Canada, the emergency for which to prepare, starts with identification of the exotic viral agent in a Canadian farm animal population. This narrative focuses on the containment of the infectious agent, within diseased animals, on infected premises. Framing the emergency as a disease incursion limits rational imagination to only one version of one potential animal emergency. This framing of the problem directs the carcass disposal solutions to consider only methods to dispose of viral infected material. However, in all documented responses to catastrophic swine diseases in the past three decades, the number of uninfected animals caught up in movement control zones and killed greatly exceeds the number of infected animals killed. The temporary closures of slaughterhouses in spring 2020 due to COVID-19 transmission resulted in thousands of healthy market hogs surplus to market; an unanticipated emergency of healthy pigs. This paper proposes an alternate carcass disposal option for material from uninfected farms. “Excarnation by exposure” is a natural process of debulking and dehydrating carcasses by blow fly larvae, mitigating financial costs of final disposal. Excarnation by exposure is a reasonable and possibly necessary additional option for the management of uninfected carcasses in a catastrophic emergency response in commercial pigs.