淀粉基聚酯型耐水性木材胶粘剂(英)

从高光效的谷物作物玉米中很容易分离出的淀粉适合作为绿色化学工业的可再牛原料.该文介绍一种聚酯型耐水性无甲醛玉米淀粉基木材胶粘剂制作工艺.该工艺包括了4个步骤:1)玉米淀粉硫酸固相氧化制备氧化淀粉;2)氧化淀粉常压快速液化制备高反应活性淀粉基多元醇;3)高活性淀粉基多元醇与等当鼍多兀酸(酸酐)混合和部分酯化交联;4)经过预酯化的产物用无水乙醇稀释使之成为可喷雾施胶的聚酯型木材胶粘剂.使用该新型木材胶粘剂所制备的杨木胶合板的胶合强度和耐水性能可以达到国标Ⅰ类板的要求.该文报道了硫酸的质量分数、氧化反应温度和时间;液化剂与氧化淀粉质量比、液化反应温度和时间、交联剂的羧基与多元醇羟基的当量比等加工工艺参数以及施胶量、热压温度、压力、热压时间等使用技术参数对用该种聚酯型木材胶粘剂制备的杨木胶合板的胶合强度和耐水性的影响.     

棉秆束/高密度聚乙烯定向复合板制备

为了有效利用废弃棉秆资源,该文采用热塑性高密度聚乙烯塑料作为填充料,将疏解的棉秆束定向铺装热压制成复合板。利用热重分析仪分析了棉秆的热解特性,采用正交试验的方法分析了复合板密度、塑料质量分数、热压温度、热压时间对复合板力学性能的影响;用扫描电镜观察到棉秆纤维与高密度聚乙烯复合界面存在机械啮合结构。通过试验得到制备定向复合板的较优热压工艺参数为：复合板密度0.8 g/cm3,塑料质量分数50%,热压温度168℃,热压时间 17 min。在此工艺条件下,复合板的静曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和内结合强度分别达到31.51、4 561.25和0.52 MPa,超过定向刨花板OSB/1的标准值。     

魔芋粉-壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇共混胶黏剂的性能及其胶合机理

为了提高魔芋粉的利用价值,开发环境友好型木材胶黏剂,以魔芋葡甘聚糖、壳聚糖为胶黏剂主料,添加聚乙烯醇制备三元共混胶黏剂。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）,分析共混胶的热特性,确定了热压温度参数;采用正交试验法,探讨热压工艺参数对胶合板强度的影响,并进一步对比了二元共混胶和三元共混胶的强度;通过红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行了微观结构分析。结果表明：在热压温度130℃,热压时间15 min,压力4 MPa,胶存放时间24 h的条件下,用该胶黏剂压制的胶合板,干湿状胶合强度最大;FTIR分析发现3种高分子之间存在着氢键等强烈的相互作用;SEM分析表明三元共混胶黏剂中存在网状结构,使胶合强度得到提高。研究结果为加速环保木材胶黏剂研发进程和完善加工工艺条件提供了科学依据。     

棉秆/聚丙烯薄膜定向复合板的制备工艺优化

为了有效利用棉秆资源,该文以长棉秆束为基体,以等规聚丙烯薄膜为填充材料,热压制备了棉秆/聚丙烯薄膜定向复合板。采用单因素和正交试验分析了薄膜质量分数、热压温度、热压时间和密度对复合板力学和吸水性能的影响,得到较优热压工艺参数为:薄膜质量分数15%,热压温度185℃,热压时间15 min,密度0.7 g/cm3。在此条件下,复合板的静曲强度为60.60 MPa,弹性模量为5074.4 MPa,内结合强度为1.48 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为2.53%。用扫描电子显微镜观察到复合板中棉秆纤维和塑料薄膜接合界面存在机械互锁结构。该研究可为有效利用农作物秸秆制备定向复合板提供参考。     

用大豆制备环保型木材胶粘剂的研究

采用分阶段、多种改性剂联用的方法提高大豆基木材胶粘剂的耐水胶合强度。试验结果表明：多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯（PAPI）的用量和豆粉浓度对耐水胶合强度的影响较显著,最佳大豆粉的改性方案为：豆粉浓度21％、十二烷基硫酸钠浓度（SDS）1．0％、脲浓度1．5mol·L^-1、乙酸酐用量1．2％、PAPI用量为20％。对复合改性大豆基木材胶进行压板工艺探讨的结果显示：热压温度对耐水胶合强度的影响较显著,最佳压板工艺为：热压温度140℃,单位压力1．2MPa,热压时间1．0min·mm^-1。按最佳制胶方案和压板工艺进行重复压板试验,获得复合改性大豆基木材胶粘剂的平均耐水胶合强度为0．94MPa,达到II类胶水平,可代替脲醛树脂胶使用。复合改性大豆基木材胶无游离甲醛释放,无毒环保,具有很好的社会效益和生态效益。红外光谱进一步验证了多阶段复合改性的大豆基木材胶粘剂耐水胶合强度的增强机理。     

聚磷酸铵改善稻秸-高密度聚乙烯复合材料的理化性能

为了实现稻秸的资源化利用,以稻秸为增强相、高密度聚乙烯（high density polyethylene,HDPE）为基体相、聚磷酸铵（ammonium polyphosphate,APP）为阻燃剂制备了稻秸-HDPE复合材料,并利用热重分析仪、锥形量热仪和力学性能测试仪,探讨APP的添加量（0、8%、10%、12%）对复合材料热性能、阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。1）热分析结果表明：当增强相的质量分数为30%,HDPE的质量分数为70%时,以稻秸为增加相的复合材料初始分解温度和热解峰温低于以木材为增加相的复合材料,但残余率较高。当在稻秸-HDPE复合材料中添加10%～12% APP时,会促使稻秸-HDPE复合材料提前发生热降解,使得初始分解温度向低温方向移动8～9℃,并且APP的加入提高了稻秸-HDPE复合材料的热解峰温和残余率。2）阻燃性能结果表明,当增强相的质量分数为30%,HDPE的质量分数为70%时,稻秸-HDPE复合材料的阻燃性高于木材-HDPE复合材料。当在稻秸-HDPE复合材料中添加APP时,稻秸-HDPE复合材料的阻燃性能进一步提高。当APP添加量为12%时,稻秸-HDPE复合材料的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值和总热释放量达到133 kW/m2、357 kW/m2和105 MJ/m2,比未添加APP时分别降低了20.4%、20.7%和11.0%,氧指数达到23%,比未添加APP时增加了12.7%。3）力学性能表明,当增强相的质量分数为30%,HDPE的质量分数为70%时,稻秸-HDPE复合材料的韧性高于木材-HDPE复合材料,APP的加入使得稻秸-HDPE复合材料的韧性得到提高,而弯曲强度、拉伸强度几乎没有影响。研究结果为以稻秸为增强相制备阻燃型木塑复合材料提供参考。     

竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料动态流变特性

为了了解木塑复合材料的动态流变特性,从而更好地提高产品的生产效率以及揭示界面复合机理,该文以竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料为研究对象,分别考察了铝钛偶联剂、硬脂酸钙润滑剂对复合材料流变特性的影响。利用密炼机对高密度聚乙烯与竹粉进行密炼混合,在此过程中根据情况添加适量的偶联剂或润滑剂,得到的复合块状材料经冷却破碎后注塑成型,并对注塑试样进行了系列动态流变测试,包括应变扫描、频率扫描,对比了2种温度下的应变扫描下的流变行为。应变扫描结果表明,添加助剂的复合体系比单纯竹粉/HDPE体系在更大的应变范围内属于线性弹性行为,通过低频区域的模量与频率关系的斜率分析表明,添加偶联剂和润滑剂有助于促进竹粉在塑料基体中的均匀分散,动态黏度与损耗黏度之间的关系揭示了偶联剂以及润滑剂均在一定程度上促进了竹粉与聚乙烯塑料之间的界面结合,为木塑复合材料生产过程助剂的使用提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

适宜薄膜含量提高棉秆/塑料定向复合板力学和吸水性能

为了有效利用棉秆资源,制备高性能的生物质秸秆人造板,该文以等规聚丙烯和高密度聚乙烯薄膜为填充材料,以长棉秆束为基体材料,采用定向分层铺装方法,热压制备了不同薄膜含量的棉秆/塑料定向复合板,测试了复合板的物理力学性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合板的微观结构。结果表明,等规聚丙烯基复合板物理力学性能优于高密度聚乙烯基复合板,且当等规聚丙烯薄膜质量分数为15%时,复合板性能较佳,在此条件下,复合板的静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率和吸水率分别为60.60 MPa、5074.4 MPa、1.48 MPa、2.53%和18.60%。复合板中棉秆纤维和塑料薄膜接合界面存在机械啮合结构。该研究可为利用农业生物质秸秆和塑料薄膜制备木塑复合材料提供参考。     

适宜共混速度改善低密度聚乙烯/竹粉复合材料力学与流变性能

该文主要研究共混速度对(low density polyethylene,LDPE)/竹粉木塑复合材料、流变性能和吸水率的影响。采用熔融共混方法制备LDPE/竹粉复合材料,通过旋转流变仪、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和材料试验机等详细研究了共混速度(40,75和100 r/min)对LDPE/竹粉复合材料的复合材料动态力学性能、形态、吸水率和力学性能的影响。在LDPE/竹粉复合材料,LDPE、增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene,MAPE)和竹粉的质量比控制在65∶5∶30。共混温度和时间分别设定为170℃和10 min。结果表明,添加竹粉可有效增强LDPE的力学性能。LDPE/竹粉复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着共混速度的增加而呈现下降趋势,但是与纯LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别增加了28%和115%;弯曲模量从48.45 MPa降低到40.75 MPa。与LDPE相比,LDPE/竹粉复合材料(40 r/min)的弯曲模量最高增加了238%;缺口冲击强度则从12.8 k J/m2提高到18.27 k J/m2,但仍低于纯LDPE。在相同频率下(1.0 Hz),随着共混速度的增加,LDPE/竹粉复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度也逐渐下降,加工性能得到了改善;同时复合材料的吸水率也从0.89%(40 r/min)下降至0.59%(100 r/min)。SEM结果表明,竹粉能均匀分布在LDPE中,提高共混速度使得竹粉表面被大量树脂覆盖,改善了界面性能,使得材料断裂面产生大量的塑性形变,提高了材料韧性和冲击强度。试验结果证实共混速度为100 r/min时,LDPE/竹粉复合材料具有较好的冲击强度和较低的吸水率,这为木塑复合材料力学性能和吸水率的改善提供有意借鉴。     

不同表面处理麦秸秆对木塑复合材料性能的影响

为提高麦秸秆纤维与聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)基体的界面结合力,采用复合处理法对麦秸秆纤维进行表面处理:先分别用NaOH、乙酸溶液浸泡、水热处理、蒸汽爆破和微波等方法对麦秸秆纤维进行预处理,再复合偶联剂法处理麦秸秆纤维;用熔融共混、模压成型方法制备麦秸秆/废弃PP木塑复合材料,探讨了麦秸秆不同表面处理方法制备PP木塑复合材料力学性能和吸湿吸水性能;用体视显微镜对不同处理的麦秸秆及木塑复合材料拉伸断面进行观察。结果表明:经复合处理的麦秸秆与PP木塑复合材料力学性能和吸湿吸水性能均优于单纯使用偶联剂处理的麦秸秆与PP木塑复合材料;NaOH和乙酸复合处理的复合材料力学性能和抗吸湿吸水性能较好,水热和蒸汽爆破复合处理的复合材料次之。麦秸秆经复合处理后,表面变粗糙,秸秆纤维和PP基体的界面黏合性得到改善。该文研究结果对通过麦秸秆纤维表面处理提高麦秸秆/废弃PP木塑复合材料的性能有重要的实际意义。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.