不同环境栽培空心菜、薄荷的生长量及养分吸收量比较分析

为探讨空心菜和薄荷在不同种植环境下的作物生长量和养分吸收量,选择入星云湖河水及其附近农田为种植载体,开展空心菜、薄荷的漂浮水栽与土栽的比较试验.结果表明,空心菜水栽的植株高度、分枝数及茎叶产量分别为41.3 cm、6.2个及4.17 kg·m-2,比土栽的提高45.9％、37.8％及59.8％;水栽空心菜的茎叶全N含量...     

钾锌营养对水培生菜生长、产量和品质的影响

通过增施钾肥、锌肥和钾锌同增,研究钾锌肥对生菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以期为生菜优质、高效生产模式下的施肥管理提供理论支撑。结果表明,钾、锌肥对生菜生长均有促进作用,钾锌同增效果最显著,较对照株高显著增长23.71%;钾肥和锌肥均可提高生菜可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,钾锌同增处理的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量较对照分别增长23.82%、115.54%;但维生素C含量会因为钾水平过高而降低,对照较增施钾肥处理显著增长68.30%,锌肥对生菜维生素C含量有促进作用;钾、锌肥均可提高生菜硝酸还原酶活性,降低硝酸盐含量,且钾锌肥互作的协同效果更佳,较对照高42.78%;钾、锌肥通过影响生菜叶绿素的合成进而影响生菜产量,钾锌同增处理生菜产量最高,较对照高77.93%,其次是增钾处理,对照处理产量最低。     

Effects of 2-chloroadenosine and IPP on intracellular reactive oxygen species

AIM:To study the effect of selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CA), and non-peptide phosphoantigen isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the level of signaling event. METHODS:M1 cell line, derived from a subclone of the SV40-transformed xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cell line, was treated with 2-CA, 8-br-cAMP, IPP at 37 ℃ incubator for 30 min, and intracellular ROS was measured by flow cytometry and CytoFluorometer. RESULTS:Under an appropriate control, 2-CA and IPP reduced intracellular ROS by 20%-30%. CONCLUSION:The data revealed that 2-CA and IPP inhibited cellular oxidant formation at the level of signaling event, suggesting both may have some anti-oxidant properties in vivo.     

Effects of CPPU on fruit set and fruit growth in Japanese persimmon

The effects of hand-pollination and spraying with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) on fruit set and fruit growth of ‘Matsumoto-Wase-Fuyu’, which is a member of the pollination-constant, non-astringent group of persimmons (PCNA) were investigated. Staminate flowers of pollinizers in the orchard were eliminated before anthesis. Hand-pollination was carried out at full bloom (FB). Without prior hand-pollination, CPPU at 5 or 10 mg 1⁻¹ was sprayed 11 days after FB. Hand-pollination and spraying with CPPU increased fruit set before thinning of fruits by hand. The number of fruits after thinning did not differ among treatments. The yield of marketable fruits after hand-pollination was similar to that after treatment at 5 mg 1⁻¹, but was higher than that for untreated trees. Formation of a sunken fruit apex, which was observed in about 30% of fruits from untreated trees, was suppressed by application of CPPU. CPPU also delayed coloration of fruit. There were no differences among treatments in firmness or soluble solids concentrations of marketable fruits.     

Effect of iron supply and nitrogen form on growth,nutritional status and ferric reducing activity of spinach in nutrient solution culture

This study was carried out in order to give some information that could improve spinach nutritional status and productivity. In this paper, the effect of two N forms (N was added either as 100% nitrate or as 80% nitrate and 20% ammonium) and three Fe levels (0 μM Fe; 20 μM FeEDDHA; 3 μM FeEDDHA + 10 mM NaHCO₃) on the growth, chlorosis symptoms and shoot nutrient element accumulation was studied in spinach plants (var. Viroflay), grown in hydroponics; six treatments and three harvests (at about 20 days interval each, until plants reached their commercial size) were applied in total. The results indicated that under conditions of Fe sufficiency (20 μM Fe), mixed N nutrition induced higher production of dry matter as well as improved Fe, Mn and Zn plant nutritional status. In plants grown under Fe deprivation (0 μM Fe), shoot Fe concentration was not significantly affected by the N form until the end of the experiment despite mixed N nutrition induced higher dry matter production up to harvest 2; plants grown under Fe deprivation and with mixed N nutrition presented also higher shoot Mn and Zn concentration. Under conditions of high concentration of bicarbonates and low level of Fe (3 μM Fe + 10 mM NaHCO₃), the N form had not a significant influence on total dry matter production whereas shoot Fe and Mn accumulation in 100% NO₃-fed plants was found to be significantly reduced compared to mixed N nutrition; regardless of the N form, those plants presented the least dry matter production, highest intensity of leaf chlorosis as well as highest root ferric reducing activity compared to plants grown under Fe deprivation.     

Effects of bilirubin on oxygen free radicals and caspase-3 in acute lung injury rats

AIM:To investigate the mechanisms by which bilirubin inhibits acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS:30 female Wistar rats were divided into normal group, ALI group and bilirubin treatment group. ALI was induced by intravenous injection of LPS. The contents of OH^-, H₂O₂ and O₂^· in the lung as well as the expression of caspase-3 in the lungs were investigated. RESULTS:(1) The contents of OH^-, H₂O₂ and O₂^· in the lung homogenate and the expression of caspase-3 in the lungs in ALI group increased compared with those in normal group (P<0.05). (2) The contents of OH^-, H₂O₂ and O₂^· in the lung homogenate and the expression of caspase-3 in the lungs in bilirubin treatment group increased compared with those in normal group, but decreased compared with those in ALI models (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:(1) Bilirubin was shown to be able to ameliorate apoptosis in ALI rats. (2) The increase in the contents of OH^-, H₂O₂, O₂^· in ALI group indicated the development of oxidative lung injury, which was ameliorated by bilirubin. (3) Expression of caspase-3 confirmed that the model made by LPS was associated with apoptosis, which was reduced by bilirubin.     

Effects of high electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and its application timing on lycopene,chlorophyll and sugar concentrations of hydroponic tomatoes during ripening

Tomato (cv. Durinta) plants were grown hydroponically under two electrical conductivities (EC, 2.3 and 4.5 dS m⁻¹) of nutrient solution inside a greenhouse. The high EC treatment was initiated either immediately after anthesis (high EC treatment) or 4 weeks after anthesis (delayed high EC treatment). Fruits were harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after anthesis, until all fruits reached the red stage (8 weeks after anthesis). Lycopene, chlorophyll, sugar and total soluble solid (TSS) concentrations of fruits were measured every week for all harvested tomatoes from the different ripeness stages. The results showed that lycopene concentration, fructose and glucose concentrations and TSS of red ripe tomato fruits were enhanced by both high EC and delayed high EC treatments compared to those in the low EC treatment. The lycopene concentration of red ripe tomato fruits in the high EC and the delayed high EC treatments showed an increase of 30–40% (1.29–1.39 mg g⁻¹ dry matter) compared to those in the low EC treatment (0.99 mg g⁻¹); however, there was no significant difference in the lycopene concentration between the high EC and delayed high EC treatments. TSS of red ripe tomato fruits grown in the high EC treatment was 6.1%, significantly greater than those grown in the delayed high EC treatment (5.7%). Weekly change in lycopene concentration indicated that lycopene synthesis was enhanced by the high EC treatment, regardless of the application timing. Regardless of EC treatment, chlorophyll concentration in fruit declined linearly during fruit development and ripening and reached non-detectable levels 7 weeks after anthesis. Our results indicated that: (1) accumulation of sugars and TSS in fruit was due to reduced water flux to the fruit under high EC as previously reported, and (2) lycopene synthesis was promoted by, but chlorophyll degradation was independent from, the osmotic and/or salt stress caused by the high EC.     

Effects of different nutrient solution formulations on morphological and biochemical characteristics of nursery fig trees grown in substrate culture

This research was carried out to determine the effects of different nutrient solution formulations on the growth of nursery fig trees in substrate culture, which is one of the soil-less culture techniques. The hardwood cuttings of Ficus carica L. cv. “Sar?lop” (Calimyrna) were planted into pots filled with 13 L of perlite. Five different nutrient solution formulations were tested on the quality and growth progress of nursery fig trees. The trials were conducted in two different growing conditions, namely, high-tunnel and open-field conditions in substrate culture. To observe the effect of different nutrient solution formulations on nursery fig trees, some morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined. It was concluded that the use of Hewitt's and Hoagland's nutrient solution formulations led to increased growth of nursery fig trees in high-tunnel and open-field conditions, respectively.     

Effects of bud scales and gibberellins on dormancy of in vitro cultured Japanese pear leaf buds

Leaf buds of Japanese pear were collected in early June and early November and regarded as summer and winter dormant buds, respectively. Bud explants with and without scales were prepared from each of them, and cultured in vitro for 75 days at 25°C with 14 h photoperiod, on a medium either without growth regulators, or supplied with BA and GAs (GA₃ and GA₄₊₇), singly or in combination.When either BA or GA₄₊₇ was contained in the medium, bud expansion occurred. Thereafter, summer dormant buds grew into shoots in the presence of BA, while winter dormant buds, although they swelled profusely, remained in a rosette. In the presence of BA, GA₄₊₇ markedly stimulated shoot elongation of summer dormant buds, but GA₃ did not. In winter dormant buds, GA₄₊₇ not only failed to stimulate shoot elongation, but also interfered with the BA-induced swelling described above.The presence of bud scales delayed expansion of summer dormant buds, while it had little effect on winter dormant buds. The delaying effect of scales on expansion of summer buds was effectively removed by application of GA₄₊₇ to the medium.     

不同浓度氮、磷、钾对水培芹菜生长及 叶绿素含量的影响

摘要：为研究不同浓度氮、磷、钾对水培芹菜生长及叶绿素含量的影响,筛选适于水培芹菜生产的 最适氮、磷、钾肥浓度,以2个芹菜品种“津南实芹”和“金黄芹菜”为材料,进行不同浓度氮、磷、 钾肥条件下的水培种植试验,综合比较分析各处理间芹菜植株外观性状及叶绿素含量存在的差异。结果 表明：氮、磷、钾肥为芹菜水培过程中需施加的必要营养元素,且适宜浓度氮、磷、钾及配比对芹菜生 长和叶绿素含量均有促进作用,“津南实芹”叶绿素含量相对较高。最适氮、磷、钾肥浓度在芹菜不同 品种及不同部位间有所差异,“津南实芹”对氮、磷、钾肥需求量均大于“金黄芹菜”,对缺素条件更 为敏感。氮肥对芹菜各部位叶绿素含量的增加效果比较均衡且明显,其最适浓度在2个品种芹菜中有一 定差异;磷肥对提高芹菜总叶绿素含量效果最为显著;钾肥主要促进了芹菜叶柄叶绿素含量的增加。在 芹菜水培生产中,可将氮、磷、钾肥浓度范围分别设置在5～8、0.3～0.6、5～7 mmol/L,并根据品种需 肥特性,对氮、磷、钾肥比例进行适度调整。     

不同缓控释氮肥对设施菠菜生长及土壤环境的影响研究

根据天津武清地区设施菜田施肥状况,进行不同缓控释氮肥在设施菠菜上的试验探究,分析不同氮肥在菠菜的长势、产量、收益等方面的差异及对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,施用促根剂包膜尿素的菠菜667 m2产量和667 m2净收益最高。对于不同氮肥,无包膜尿素的硝态氮含量在土层表现上明显下移;有包膜尿素中,除高分子聚合物包膜尿素,其余尿素包膜中均有活性物质,起到增效作用,施用前期效果好,但高分子聚合物包膜尿素的肥效期长,施用后期还会继续释放。因此,选用适当缓控肥料非常必要。本研究对提高氮肥利用率与不同作物增产增效具有重要意义。     

AgNO_3对梨叶片不定梢再生过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨AgNO3在离体培养物形态发生中的作用,以金水和金花梨组培苗为外植体,研究了不同质量浓度AgNO3对梨叶片再生不定梢过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,0.1mg/LAgNO3能明显提高金水叶片不定梢再生率和再生数;金花叶片不定梢再生有效促进的AgNO3为0.1～0.5mg/L。经AgNO3处理后,2品种抗氧化物酶活性与对照差异显著。在暗培养期间,叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有较大幅度变化,特别是经0.1mg/LAgNO3处理后,金花叶片中POD活性及金水叶片中CAT活性增幅均高于其余3个处理。叶片中O·2产生速率和H2O2含量也增加但上升幅度不及对照。在进入光培养阶段后,添加适当的AgNO3可提高叶片原有的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)峰值,且H2O2含量和O·2产生速率随之下降,但较高含量AgNO3处理易引起H2O2含量和O·2产生速率回升。虽然品种间抗氧化物酶活性变化不完全一致,但通过比较发现0.1mg/LAgNO3对提高金花和金水叶片抗氧化物酶活性效果最佳。     

Effects of EDRV and DIDS on reactive oxygen species levels in acute ischemia-reperfusion injured myocardium

AIM: To investigate the effects of chloride channel inhibitor 4,4- diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2- disulfonic acid (DIDS) and free radical scavenger edaravone(EDRV) on the production of reactive oxygen species in acute ischemia-reperfusion injured (I/RI) myocardium. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, subjected to myocardial ischemia for 30 min and reperfusifor for 4 h, were divided into 5 groups: sham group, I/RI group, DIDS group, EDRV group and DIDS+EDRV group. The rats were treated with EDRV (10 mg/kg for 5 min) before reperfusion or/and DIDS (14 mg/kg,4 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 for 2 h) at the beginning of reperfusion by a program-controlled injection micropump . The myocardiac tissues were collected immediately at the end of reperfusion. The levels of ROS, OH· and O₂^- were determined by the methods of spectrofluorophotometry and colorimetry. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured by colorimetry. RESULTS: Compared with I/RI group, myocardial apoptotic index, the levels of ROS, O₂^-, OH· and MDA were significantly reduced, and SOD activity was significantly increased in DIDS group, EDRV group and DIDS+EDRV group (P<0.05). Compared with DIDS group, the levels of ROS,O₂^-, OH· and MDA were significantly decreased, and SOD activity was significantly increased in EDRV group (P<0.05).No statistical difference of myocardial apoptotic index between these two groups was observed (P>0.05). Compared with DIDS+ EDRV group, myocardial apoptotic index in DIDS group and EDRV group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and no significant difference of ROS, O₂^-, OH·, MDA and SOD between the two groups was found (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: DIDS and EDRV protect myocardial cells from apoptosis by inhibition of ROS activity. Combinative use of the two reagents has stronger cardioprotectiue effect, suggesting that they have different regulatory pathways.     

不同栽培基质对温室茭白幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

为筛选出以椰糠为基础并适合茭白幼苗的栽培基质,以茭白浙茭2号为试材,以普通土壤、粗粒椰糠、细粒椰糠、珍珠岩为基质原料,按照不同体积配比设置5种栽培基质:普通土壤(CK)、粗粒椰糠(T1)、V粗粒椰糠:V珍珠岩=3:1(T2)、细粒椰糠(T3)、V细粒椰糠:V珍珠岩=3:1(T4),探究不同栽培基质对茭白幼苗生长及光合特...     

聚乙烯醇在枣和酸枣组织培养中的作用

以冬枣、酸枣组培苗为试材,研究了聚乙烯醇不同浓度在冬枣和酸枣组培苗继代增殖中对其玻璃化的影响、在生根培养中对生根效果的影响及在叶片培养中对愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,2.0g/L的聚乙烯醇能够有效降低冬枣和酸枣组培苗在继代增殖中的玻璃化现象,并能提高组培苗在生根培养中的生根条数和根长度;1.0、1.5g/L的聚乙烯醇可使酸枣和冬枣组培苗叶片愈伤组织发生时期提前,并可提高愈伤组织发生率和发生量、改善愈伤组织的质量。因此,聚乙烯醇在冬枣和酸枣的继代增殖、生根培养及叶片愈伤组织诱导中均有良好的促进作用。     

不同光质对水培脱毒马铃薯光合与结薯特性的影响

以红、蓝、红蓝(7︰1)、红蓝(5︰1)和白光5种光质LED灯作为光源,其中白光为对照,研究光质对水培脱毒马铃薯植株叶片发育、叶片光合性能、叶绿素荧光特性和结薯特性的影响。结果表明,在红蓝光(5︰1)处理条件下,水培马铃薯植株生长前期叶面积系数、叶绿素含量、气孔密度、气孔导度(Gs)均高于其他处理,P_n、Φ_(PSⅡ)、q_P、和ETR等显著高于白光处理,块茎形成和膨大最快。且定植60 d时叶绿素含量下降,P_n和PSⅡ活性中心开放程度显著下降,成熟期提前,微型薯产量和成薯率最高。在单色红光处理下,植株叶面积系数、叶绿素含量、G_s、P_n、F_v/F_o、Φ_(PSⅡ)和q_P下降,NPQ升高,块茎的形成和膨大缓慢,产量最低。在单色蓝光处理下前期叶片生长较快,块茎形成早,但不利于匍匐茎的形成,并引起叶片早衰,制约了块茎产量的提高。基于上述结果,光质调控前期可增加红光比例,诱导匍匐茎形成,后期增加蓝光比例,促进块茎形成和膨大,提高块茎的数量和产量。     

Effects of foliar application of some macro- and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic systems

An aquaponic system was designed to investigate effects of foliar applications of some micro- and macro-nutrients on tomato growth and yield in comparison with a hydroponic system. Common carp, grass carp and silver carp were stocked in the rearing tanks at 15, 20 and 15 fish m⁻³, respectively. The fish were fed three times daily with a pellet diet containing 46% protein. Fourteen days old tomatoes seedlings were transplanted on to growth bed units of aquaponic and hydroponic systems after stocking of carp fish for 2.5 months in the rearing tanks. Foliar nutrients application began 30 days after transplantation. Eight treatments were used, untreated control, foliar application at the rate of 250 mL plant⁻¹ with 0.5 g L⁻¹ K₂SO₄, MgSO₄·7H₂O, Fe-EDDHA, MnSO₄·H₂O, H₃BO₃, ZnCl₂, and CuSO₄·5H₂O. Plants were sprayed twice a month. The results showed that biomass gains of tomatoes were higher in hydroponics as compared to aquaponics. Foliar application of K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B increased vegetative growth of plants in the aquaponics. In the hydroponics, only Fe and B had positive effects on plant growth. Cluster number per plant in aquaponics was lower than in hydroponics treatments, but it increased with foliar application of elements. There was no difference in fruit number and yield between aquaponics and hydroponics grown plants in the control treatments. Except Cu, foliar spray of all elements significantly increased plant fruit number and yield in the aquaponics in order of: K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > B. In the hydroponics, foliar application of K, Mg and Zn increased fruit number and yield of plants compared to control. These results indicated that foliar application of some elements can effectively alleviate nutrient deficiencies in tomatoes grown on aquaponics.     

有机肥投入对菠菜中钙、镁、钼、锂含量和分布的影响

以不施有机肥、过量施用和适量施用有机肥为处理,研究了有机肥对矿质元素积累和分布的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥可以促进元素向地上部运输;有机肥施用过量以后,根系累计钙、镁、锂、钼有所增加,但是叶片中含量反而减少。所以有机肥有利于植物的生产,但不是越多越好。     

Effects of nuclear factor-kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophages

AIM: To study the effects of nuclear factor-kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides on generation of nitric oxide and activated oxygen in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophages.METHODS: Mouse macrophage cell lines J774.1 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide and liposome-mediated oligodeoxynucleotides, and the level of nitric oxide, activated oxygen and inducible nitric oxide synthase were measured. RESULTS: Nuclear factor-kappa B "decoy"oligodeoxynucleotides decreased the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage, inhibited generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. The level of nitric oxide, activated oxygen and inducible nitric oxide synthase did not change in control group.CONCLUSION: Nuclear factor-kappa B "decoy"oligodeoxynucleotides decrease the generation of nitric oxide and activated oxygen in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, which is probably due to inhibiting the binding sites of activated nuclear factor-kappa B specially.     

培养基种类与桑黄菌丝生长及黄酮含量的关系研究

为探究不同培养基对桑黄菌丝生长及黄酮含量的影响,通过在PDA、GPY、GPC、麦芽、麦麸以及胡萝卜培养基等6种基本培养基上接种桑黄进行发菌培养,并在不同生长时期对菌丝的生长速度、含水量、干湿重及黄酮含量进行分析比较,筛选最优培养基。结果:6种基本培养基均能被桑黄利用,其中PDA培养基上的菌丝生长速度最快;GPY和麦麸培养基的菌丝体黄酮含量整体较高,培养至第15天,胡萝卜培养基上的菌丝体黄酮含量增加显著,跃居第一,6种培养基上的菌丝体黄酮含量均随着培养时间的延长而增加。