不同硅酸盐细菌菌株芽胞的存活能力和盆栽实验效果

实验表明 ,不同硅酸盐细菌菌株芽胞的耐热性能有很大的不同 ;在拌入 4 5 %的复合肥中 1年后 ,芽胞数量可保持在原来的 5 0 %左右 ;硅酸盐菌剂有显著的增产效果 ,芽胞的耐热性能与增产效果是相关的     

不同硅酸盐细菌菌株芽胞的存活能力和盆栽实验效果

实验表明，不同硅酸盐细菌菌株芽胞的耐热性能有很大的不同；在拌入45％的复合肥中1年后，芽胞数量可保持在原来的50％左右；硅酸盐菌剂有显著的增产效果，芽胞的耐热性能与增产效果是相关的。     

从盐碱土中分离的几株硅酸盐细菌的生物学特性初步研究

对从北方滨海盐碱土中分离到的几株硅酸盐细菌(室内编号B44、B47、B73、B74、B75),以及对照菌株胶冻样芽孢杆菌(室内编号B0)进行了形态学和生理生化特征研究。这些菌株均为革兰氏阴性大杆菌,周生鞭毛,产芽孢和丰厚的荚膜,菌落透明隆起,粘性强;过氧化氢酶试验阳性,能水解明胶,M.R试验阳性,V.P阴性,不产生吲跺。除对照菌株B0外,都能在pH值为9.0的培养条件下生长,能耐受3%以上的NaC l浓度。     

胶质芽胞杆菌及其突变株生理特性的初步研究

本文对经过筛选培育出的分解硅酸盐能力较强的胶质芽胞杆菌突变株UV09K及抗高浊`恩赐乔石工力朱PHt10K的生理特性进行了研究。其中，最佳氮源为麦麸汁，民出发菌株相比，分解硅酸盐能力分别提高164％、12．7％。最佳碳源为葡萄糖、与出发菌株相比，产酸能力分别提高260％、155％，金属离子培养温度、PH，气／液比等对突变株的生长有一定影响。其结果可作为选定工作化条件的参考。     

紫色土硅酸盐细菌的遗传多样性研究

硅酸盐细菌是土壤中一类能分解硅酸盐类矿物，破坏其晶格结构，使矿物钾转化成有效钾释放出来供植物生长的细菌。它不仅能溶磷解钾，亦有固氮的作用。目前的种类主要有，环状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus circulans）、胶质芽孢杆菌（B．rmtcilaginosus）和土壤芽孢杆菌（B．edaphicus）三个种的菌株。由于硅酸盐细菌的独特作用，已广泛应用于采矿、冶金、微生物肥料、饲料工业上。我国在硅酸盐细菌的生物学功能方面已进行了大量的工作，尤其是在硅酸盐细菌作为生物肥料方面，但是对硅酸盐细菌的分类地位和遗传多样性研究较少。贺积强等研究表明，紫色土硅酸盐细菌的理化性质和解磷解钾特性存在差异，本研究应用RAPD、TP-PCR和16S rRNA PCR-RFLP进一步分析了这些硅酸盐细菌的遗传多样性及系统发育地位，以期弄清其遗传背景。     

胶质芽胞杆菌及其突变株生理特性的初步研究

本文对经过筛选培育出的分解硅酸盐能力较强的胶质芽胞杆菌突变株 UV0 9K及抗高温、耐酸碱菌株 p Ht10 K的生理特性进行了研究。其中 ,最佳氮源为麦麸汁 ,与出发菌株相比 ,分解硅酸盐能力分别提高 164%、12 .7%。最佳碳源为葡萄糖 ,与出发菌株相比 ,产酸能力分别提高2 60 %、155%。金属离子、培养温度、p H、气 /液比等也对突变株的生长有一定影响。其结果可作为选定工业化条件的参考。     

浓香型白酒老窖泥中好氧芽胞杆菌的分离及系统发育树的初步构建

浓香型白酒的生产是以窖池为基础,窖池窖泥中栖息着庞大的微生物群系,微生物间相互作用形成浓香型白酒的独特风味,尤其以芽胞杆菌为主。本研究从泸州老窖酒厂300年窖池窖泥中分离出23株好氧芽胞杆菌属(Bacilli),经光学显微镜和菌落形态观察,23株好氧芽胞杆菌形态差异不显著。通过16S rDNA基因扩增,NCBI基因比对,构建系统发育树,结果表明,23株好氧芽胞杆菌主要为苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus,Bc)和炭疽芽胞杆菌(B.anthrax),菌种间亲缘关系存在差异;窖泥中分离出的23株好氧芽胞杆菌亲缘关系近,遗传多样性较低。本研结果为了解白酒发酵过程中老窖泥周围环境的变化、提高白酒品质提供基础资料。     

硅酸盐细菌的解钾作用及对棉花的增产效果

对硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株的解钾作用以及对棉花的增产效应进行了研究。结果表明 ,以钾长石为唯一钾源 ,在摇瓶条件下 ,培养 12 0小时 ,NBT菌株可以从钾长石中释放 2 0 7.9mg/L钾 ,比接灭活菌对照(4 8.8mg/L)增加 32 6 .0 2 % ,经生物学统计分析 ,差异达极显著水平 (F =3991.9>F0 .0 1=10 .92 ) ;以土壤矿物为唯一钾源 ,NBT菌株能释放 10 5 .7mg/L钾 ,比对照 (5 1.6mg/L)增加 10 4.84% ,差异达极显著水平 (F =3110 .2 7>F0 .0 1=10 .92 )。棉花施用硅酸盐菌剂后平均增产皮棉 86 .4～ 161.7kg/hm2 ,增产幅度为 10 .64～ 2 1.95 %。     

硅酸盐细菌肥有效活菌的确认与判定

把硅酸盐细菌培制成菌肥 ,施于土壤中 ,具有多方面的综合功效 ,因此它是菌肥中有发展前途的一种。近几年来 ,多种微生物肥料在我国已由研究转入应用阶段 ,因而对其质量的监控就显得尤为重要 ,而有效活菌数是菌肥质量好坏的关键指标之一 ,虽然 NY2 2 7- 94微生物肥料标准对一些菌肥有效活菌数的测定用平板计数法作了规定 ,但其对平板上菌落的辨认、菌的染色确认及有效活菌数的判定方法未做具体说明 ,笔者根据近年检测实践 ,对硅酸盐细菌肥有效活菌数的测定在这方面作了较多实践。1　菌落的辨认按 NY2 2 7- 94微生物肥料标准方法操作 ,将菌…     

硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株解钾效能及对钾的吸持作用

在摇瓶和土壤耗竭条件下研究了硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株的解钾作用以及对作物生长的促进作用。结果表明 ,在摇瓶条件下 ,培养 120h ,NBT菌株可以从钾长石中释放K 159.1mg/L ,比接灭活菌对照 (48.8mg/L)增加 226.02% ;耗竭条件下NBT菌株在未灭菌土壤中的解钾作用与在灭菌土壤中的解钾作用相当。在未灭菌土壤中 ,NBT菌株释放的矿物钾占植株吸钾量的 14.4 %～ 4 3.1% ;不接菌或接灭活菌处理土壤中矿物钾的释放量为零或极少。NBT菌株的解钾效能与土壤中速效性钾及有机质含量密切相关。土柱试验表明 ,供试土壤接种硅酸盐细菌后的土壤滤液中流失的钾比接种灭活硅酸盐细菌后的土壤滤液中流失钾减少 29.6 %～56.5% ;硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株荚膜多糖吸附钾的量占加入钾的量的 31.8%～ 69.4 %。NBT菌株的吸钾作用与NBT菌株本身及荚膜多糖的多少密切相关。     

硅酸盐细菌肥料对水稻土壤微生物及肥力的影响

通过对水稻土壤连续两年施用硅酸盐细菌复合肥料,研究其对土壤微生物量和土壤理化性质的影响,结果表明,施用硅酸盐细菌肥料可提高土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物量,增强土壤几种酶的活性,改善土壤生态,提高土壤肥力,降低土壤容重,提高阳离子代换量,增加土壤速效磷、碱解氮和速效钾的含量,且与有机肥混施效果更佳.     

Differential interaction between two Glomus intraradices strains and a phosphate solubilizing bacterium in maize rhizosphere

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have a positive effect on plant productivity primarily through increasing phosphate availability. In order to study the interaction between AM fungi and PSB, we used Bacillus megaterium, a PSB isolated from the sterilized surface of AM germinated spores, and two strains of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices with different mycelial architecture. A greenhouse experiment was designed with maize as host plant with the addition of tribasic calcium phosphate. We tested the hypothesis that PSB, intimately linked with AM fungi, could interact differentially with the two AM strains. We concluded that inoculation with the PSB positively affected maize mycorrhization. Insoluble phosphate alone did not influence the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) length and maize mycorrhization when bacteria were not inoculated. The results provide evidence that the adverse effect on infectivity for some AM strains might be caused by solubilized phosphorus release to the rhizosphere by PSB. Differences related to the mycelium architecture of each AM strain were observed: the density of PSB in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher only with the GA8 strain coinciding with the highest values of maize biomass. The density of bacteria associated with GA8 mycelium could be the result of the transfer of photosynthates through the rhizosphere; this close contact would favor the persistence of the intimate relationship between PSB and AM hyphae. In the bacteria-free treatments, soil adherence was not significantly altered. Although the highest development of ERM occurred with GA5, plants inoculated with GA8 showed the highest values for soil adherence. This may be due to the AM mycelium which modifies bacterial persistence in the rhizosphere and consequently soil adherence. Our results show that for potential applications, some characteristics of the AM strains are key in the selection of the AM fungi–PSB combinations. These include the tolerance to soluble phosphorus, the rate of root colonization, and ERM development that favors the persistence of bacteria in rhizosphere soil.     

几株高效溶磷菌株对不同磷源溶磷活力的比较

在液体培养条件下,研究了4株溶磷菌株(Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7和Fmp9)对不同磷源溶解能力的差异并与荧光假单孢菌As1.867和巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223进行了比较,探讨了菌株组合培养对溶磷活力的影响。结果表明,4株菌株对磷酸钙、磷酸铝、磷酸氢钙溶解能力明显高于磷酸铁和卵磷脂。以磷酸钙为磷源时,Fmp9的溶磷量比As1.867和As1.223分别高出约92%和48%;而以磷酸铝为磷源时,As1.223的溶磷量明显高于其他菌株;在磷酸氢钙为磷源的条件下,Bmp6为优势菌株,溶磷量高达785.51mg/L。对比研究发现,Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7及Fmp9的优势磷源分别为卵磷脂、磷酸氢钙、磷酸铝和磷酸钙。组合培养表明,Bmp5+Fmp9和Bmp6+Fmp9较单株菌的溶磷量有所增加,为较好的组合。试验得到的溶磷微生物配方已经应用于生物复合肥料的研究,并进行了盆栽实验,得到了较好的效果。该研究可为土壤生物肥料工业的微生物学研究提供借鉴。     

CMA staining analysis of chromosomes in several species of Aurantioideae

Fluorochrome staining with chromomycin A₃ (CMA) was used to characterize and compare the CMA banding patterns of chromosomes of 17 species from 13 genera of Aurantioideae, which is one of the seven subfamilies of Rutaceae. All species used in this study had 2n = 18 chromosomes. These chromosomes were classified into five types based on the number and position of CMA-positive bands; B: one telomeric and one proximal band, C: two telomeric bands, D: one telomeric band, E: without bands and Dst: type D with a satellite chromosome. Each species possessed two or four types of chromosomes and unique CMA banding patterns. The CMA banding patterns were 6D + 12E in Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f.,1C + 3D + 14E in Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., 1C + 11D + 6E in Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, 1B + 1C + 10D + 6E in Merrillia caloxylon (Ridl.) Swing., 1C + 9D + 7E + 1Dst in Paramignya lobata Burkill, 2C + 5D + 11E in Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Tenore, 5D + 13E in Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) Roem., 16D + 2E in Citropsis gabunensis (Engl.) Swing. et M. Kell, 14D + 4E in Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swing. et M. Kell, 8D + 10E in Atalantia monophylla DC., 1C + 3D + 14E in Atalantia ceylanica (Arn.) Oliv., 2D + 16E in Atalantia roxburghiana Hook. f., 18E in Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., 2D + 16E in Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., 4D + 14E in Afraegle paniculata (Schum.) Engl., 2B + 2D + 13E + 2Dst in Feronia limonia (L.) Swing. and 3B + 9D + 6E in Feroniella oblata Swing. The advanced genera in each tribe and subtribe such as Merrillia and Feroniella showed heterochromatin (CMA-positive bands) rich chromosome configuration in general. Swinglea glutinosa without heterochromatin rich chromosome, which is considered to be the most primitive chromosome configuration, seems to be the key genus for clarifying the evolution of the tribe Citreae.     

Effect of several Rhizobium strains on nodulation,nitrogen uptake and yield of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

The effect of soil sterilization, and seed inoculation with three Rhizobium strains (3889, CP5b and IC 26) were studied on 5 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes (Jordan local, ILC 72 from Spain, ILC 484 from Turkey, C 235 from India, and ILC 1272 from U.S.A.). The main objective of the work was to investigate the effect of inoculation with different Rhizobium strains on yield, nodulation and other agronomic characteristics of different chickpea genotypes. Inoculation with Rhizobium resulted in a significant increase in grain yield for all genotypes tested. The average increase due to inoculation was 110% over the uninoculated control. Inoculation resulted in more nodules, greater nodule fresh weight and higher nitrogen uptake. The various Rhizobium strains differed in their effects. Genotypes responded differently to inoculation.     

9株猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型流行毒株全基因组克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank上发表的猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(porcine circovirus2,PCV2)全基因组序列,设计一对引物,通过反向PCR技术扩增出9株PCV2流行株的全基因,并进行了序列测定与分析,结果表明:9株PCV2的基因组全长为1768bp或1767bp,同源性比较发现,本研究的9株PCV2之间的核苷酸同源性为95.6%~100%,与GenBank上已发表的PCV2分离株之间的同源性为95.1%~99.8%,与法国和新西兰代表株的亲缘关系较近,与美国、加拿大和澳大利亚代表株的亲缘关系较远。所得9株PCV2的ORF2核苷酸及其所推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为93.1%~100%和91.8%~99.6%,存在较大的变异。     

硅酸盐菌剂在小麦上的应用效果

硅酸盐菌剂是由玉米根部筛选出来的具有较强解钾能力的胶质芽胞秆菌 (Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｍｕ ｃｉｌｇｉｎｏｓｕｓ) ,采用特定的培养基 ,经过工业发酵研制生产的。农业部登记证为微生物肥 ( 1 997)临字 ( 0 0 1 0 ) ,产品执行标准ＮＹ -2 2 7-94。试验证明 ,它具有促生和活化土