Molecular microscopy: fundamental limitations

On the basis of estimates of molecular damage caused by the observation process, it is concluded that molecular microscopy of biological molecules in which the individual atoms are resolved is impossible with an electron or x-ray microscope. Microscopes that use low-energy helium atoms or neutrons as illuminants may be capable of serving as ultimate biomolecular microscopes.     

Computers: a survey of trends and limitations

Enormous progress in electronic technology is accelerating the use of computers in everyday life. In this article trends in hardware, input-output technology, computer architecture, software, communications, and artificial intelligence are examined and complexity is identified as a limitation to further progress. Promising directions of research, which may extend the range of computer applications, are discussed.     

民众法律情感和法律信仰的形成与培养

法律情感和法律信仰是法治的根基,民众对法律的情感与信仰直接影响着法治的效果,应在借鉴西方经验的基础上,弘扬中华民族的传统美德,增强民众与法的“亲和力”。     

Steroscopic vision: cortical limitations and a disparity scaling effect

The spatial limitations of stereoscopic vision were studied by using vertical line stimuli containing sinusoidal disparity variations such that different parts of the line appeared at different depths. Stimuli with a finer grain than about 3 cycles per degree did not elicit depth perception, even though the sinusoidal curvature was clearly visible monocularly. At low spatial frequencies of curvature, stereoacuity was limited to the same extent as the monocular sensitivity. The limiting disparity for Panum's fusional region and the upper depth limit are subject to a scaling effect in proportion to stimulus dimensions. The disparity scaling can be characterized by a fixed maximum angular difference between the parts of the stereoscopic half-images.     

关于法律权利的若干思考

法律权利的特征和含义厘清了权利与法的关系,法律权利与法律义务的关系映射出社会主体在法律上的人格地位,对于法律权利的理性分析则是剖析上述认识的路径。     

法律援助下值班律师制度法律的问题研究

随全面依法治国与人权保障的不断推进,我国律师值班制度的重要性慢慢凸显。法律 援助对经济困难和罪行严重的当事人来说是一项必要的制度,但值班律师制度正处发展期,亟 需对其进行探讨以推动其有效落实。     

Clinical trial stirs legal battles

A lawsuit filed in federal court in Atlanta, Georgia, in February 1982 by two private ophthalmologists and seven prospective patients charges a group of academic physicians with attempting to monopolize radial keratotomy, a surgical procedure for correcting myopia, by labeling it experimental and urging restraint in its use. The parties have agreed to a settlement involving a payment of $250,000 by the defendants and a statement that the procedure is effective in qualified patients and should no longer be considered experimental. A second suit, brought by nine physicians in federal court in Chicago in June 1984, accuses the American Academy of Ophthamology of attempting to control the procedure. The broader issue at stake is how new surgical prdocedures should be evaluated before they are brought into widespread use. In the case of radial kerototomy, a large-scale clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute is proceeding as planned despite the legal controversy.     

Dispersal limitations matter for microbial morphospecies

In contrast with macroorganisms, whose geographical ranges are typically restricted, many microbial species appear to have cosmopolitan distributions. This observation has been explained as a consequence of ubiquitous dispersal caused by the enormous population sizes of microbial species. Recently, this "everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects" theory has been challenged by the detection of considerable regional genetic variability within microbial morphospecies. We demonstrate that, contrary to what is expected under ubiquitous dispersal, evidence of regional-scale metacommunity processes can be detected in microbial morphospecies. Our results imply that the microbial and macrobial world are structured by analogous processes.