规模养殖场禽流感的综合防控措施

按照《河北省动物饲养场防疫管理办法》规定,动物饲养场,是指种禽场、孵化场和年饲养量在2000只以上的养禽场。与农村家庭散养户相比,规模养殖场存栏数量较大,管理者的防病、灭病意识较强。规模养殖场还是一个相对独立的基本防疫单元,由本场专职兽医人员自行免疫,建立免疫档案。当疏于管理时,禽流感极容易形成区域性流行,造成重大直接经济损失,其社会影响可能比疫病     

安犏牛与牦牛设施化养殖技术试验研究

通过采用犏牛、牦牛犊牛培育技术结合设施化养殖技术,研究不同的饲养方式对犏牛、牦牛生长发育、增重效果及屠宰率的影响,研究结果表明,采用犊牛培育技术,6月龄犏牛公犊牛和牦牛公犊牛的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围都有不同程度的增长,体重也明显增加,与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05);采用设施化养殖技术,犏牛设施组的总增重及平均日增重显著高于牦牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);牦牛设施组、犏牛对照组和犏牛设施组的总增重及平均日增重显著高于牦牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。犏牛设施组胴体重及净肉重分别为138.27±3.17kg和113.29±2.87kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为58.47%和47.91%,犏牛设施组屠宰率和净肉率显著高于犏牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);牦牛设施组胴体重及净肉重分别为99.09±2.35kg和79.83±1.91kg,屠宰率和净肉率分别为57.46%和46.29%,与牦牛对照组和犏牛对照组相比,牦牛设施组和犏牛设施组的屠宰率和净肉率显著高于牦牛对照组和犏牛对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。采用犏牛、牦牛犊牛培育技术结合设施化养殖技术,犏牛、牦牛的生长发育速度显著提高,总增重、日增重、屠宰率和净肉率显著高于传统放牧条件下的犏牛和牦牛。     

安徽省规模禽场高致病性禽流感血清学横断面研究与风险因素分析

为掌握安徽省禽群的禽流感免疫抗体水平以及引起免疫不合格的主要风险因素,在2018年春季集中免疫前,对安徽省7个市开展了H5和H7亚型禽流感血清学检测和问卷调查。按照分层随机抽样方法,在7个市选择种禽场、蛋禽场和肉禽场,共140个养禽场,在每个养殖场内随机抽取35份血清样品,进行HI抗体检测,并根据检测结果,计算群体水平的真实免疫合格率/阳性率;将H5或H7亚型禽流感抗体群体合格率低于70%的养禽场定义为免疫不合格场,进行单因素风险分析。结果显示:安徽省7个市H5(Re-8株)和H7N9(Re-1株)的场群真实抗体合格率/阳性率分别为67.7%(95%CI:60.0%～75.4%)和39.8%(95%CI:31.7%～47.9%),62个养禽场的H5或H7亚型抗体未达标(70%);存栏量越小(P=0.046)、免疫次数越少(P=0.016),H5或H7亚型免疫抗体不合格的可能性越高(P 0.05);存栏量小于4 000羽、免疫后时间≤21 d或≥91 d、家禽日龄≤26或≥2 200、免疫次数≤1、规模化饲养鹅,以及不使用"H5+H7"二价灭活疫苗(OR=2.66,95%CI:1.34～5.35)、周边3 km内有野禽栖息地(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.10～7.65)的养禽场的H5或H7亚型免疫抗体不合格风险相对较高。结果表明:2018年春季安徽省7个市H5、H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体保护率下降幅度明显,需要及时开展春季集中免疫;养禽场规模、类型以及家禽种类、是否免疫疫苗、免疫次数、养禽场周边是否有野禽栖息地等,均与群体的禽流感免疫抗体合格率显著相关,因此在制定强制免疫计划时,应视情况进行分类指导,实时补免或增加免疫次数。此外,养禽场选址时应尽量避开野禽栖息地。本研究为决策部门制定禽流感免疫方案提供了技术支撑。     

规模猪场关键防控措施

为了有效防控规模猪场疫病发生,笔者归纳总结了“十五项”关键防控措施,供业界参考。一、基础防疫设施规模猪场配备必要的基础防疫设施设备,是防控疫病的基本保障。场区出入口处应设置与门同宽,长4米、深0.3米以上的消毒池。生产区入口处,设置更衣消毒室,各养殖栋舍出入口,设置消毒池或消毒垫。配备疫苗冷冻(冷藏)、消毒和诊疗等防疫设备的兽医室,或者有专职兽医机构为其提供相应服务。     

规模养殖场动物防疫现状及监督管理对策

近年来养殖业正逐渐从农村千家万户的分散养殖向产业化规模化养殖方式转变.据统计,2007年南宁市生猪饲养量559.3(万头),出栏369.72(万头),其中规模养殖场(年出栏肉猪200头以上,饲养母猪10头以上)696个,饲养生猪112.75(万头),出栏74.88(万头),分别占全市饲养量和出栏量的20.16%和20.25%.家禽饲养量9 919.04(万只),出栏7 022.8(万只),规模养禽场(饲养鸡1 000只以上,鸭500只以上,鹅200只以上)1 148个,饲养家禽4 401.41(万只),出栏3 350.24(万只),分别占全市家禽饲养量和出栏量的43.37%和47.70%.规模养殖场养殖和提供的畜禽及其产品量占据整个畜禽养殖总量很大的比重,已成为向社会提供畜禽产品的主要力量.但在发展中,规模养殖场在动物防疫方面也逐渐暴露出一系列的问题,甚至是严重的公共卫生安全问题,如不加强动物防疫监管,就有可能严重威胁到畜牧业的健康发展和人民生命健康.     

2012-2013年广东猪流行性腹泻流行情况调查报告

为了解广东猪群流行性腹泻(PED)的发生状况,对全省120个不同养殖规模的猪场进行了猪群腹泻的流行病学调查和样品采集。共采集566份肠道和粪便样品,采用猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)-猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)-猪轮状病毒(PRo V)三重荧光RT-PCR方法进行病原学检测。结果显示,TGEV、PEDV和PRo V的样品阳性率分别为0.88%、23.32%和16.78%,造成广东猪群爆发腹泻的主要病原是PEDV;PEDV的场阳性率和样品阳性率分别为35.83%和23.32%,PED已成持续感染的地方流行态势;从规模看,以存栏母猪100头以下的猪场群内PED发病率最高,为77.38%,生物安全措施好的场发病率较低;从生长阶段(用途)看,以哺乳仔猪的发病率最高,为50.33%,且现有PED疫苗的免疫已无法避免PED的发生。     

影响奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率的主要因素

为了研究影响奶牛隐性乳房炎的主要因素,从而制定出一套合理有效的奶牛隐性乳房炎综合防治措施,通过对延庆县存栏奶牛进行隐性乳房炎普查,找出奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病规律,分析致病因素。结果表明:在季节、饲养管理以及环境条件等基本相同的情况下,其他影响因素,①三种养殖模式(规模养殖场、养殖小区和散户)下,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率差异不显著(P0.05);②随着胎次的增加,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率呈升高的趋势;③不同卫生状况造成奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率差异显著(P0.05)。说明搞好环境卫生对防控奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生有重要意义。     

S省J市猪场卫生状况与生物安全措施的调查分析——基于非洲猪瘟防控

非洲猪瘟发生后,为了进一步了解养猪场(户)的卫生状况和生物安全措施,笔者对S省J市11个县区的110个猪场进行了问卷调查,主要调查猪场基本情况、养殖方式、场内设施、外物进入、场地消毒、内部管理等方面。调查结果显示:猪场在场址、场内设置、入场物品、消毒等方面比较规范;部分养猪场(户)存在没有专职兽医,饲养人员场内串舍,工具交叉使用,对野生动物防护不严等问题。建议:建立有效的物理隔离,提高养殖者的疫病防控水平,建立完整并有效执行的生物安全管理制度,加强基层动物防疫检疫队伍建设,切实做好病死畜禽的无害化处理工作。     

规模养禽场消毒技术

<正>养禽场消毒的目的是要消灭或减少禽场环境中的病原微生物,确保禽群健康。规模养禽场的规划布局和禽舍结构应符合动物防疫法规定的动物防疫条件,对于规模养禽各个环节的消毒,消毒液的配制和更换,紫外线的照射等都需要有专门的技术人员     

2012年广东猪群腹泻流行病学调查

为了解2012年广东猪群腹泻的发病状况,对全省19个地级市102个不同养殖规模的猪场进行了猪群腹泻的流行病学调查。采集236份肠道和粪便样品,采用猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)-猪轮状病毒(PRo V)-猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)三重荧光RT-PCR方法进行病原检测。结果显示,猪群腹泻的场阳性率高达68.63%,发病率为37.76%,病死率为50.26%。从规模看,以存栏母猪100头以下的猪场群内发病率和病死率最高,分别为63.55%和66.75%;从生长阶段(用途)看,以哺乳仔猪的发病率和病死率最高,分别为47.74%和61.11%;免疫率高、生物安全措施好的场发病率和病死率均较低。PEDV阳性率为33.05%(78/236),PRo V阳性率为17.8%(42/236),未检测到TGEV。因此认为,广东猪群腹泻流行面广,导致猪病毒性腹泻的病原以PEDV为主,且以哺乳仔猪发病和死亡最多。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.