Ucuuba and related wax-like vegetable tallows

Summary In the New World two or perhaps three genera of theMyristicaceae are involved in the production of vegetable tallows:Virola, Dialyanthera, and possiblyOsteophloem. Vegetable tallows originating at Belém do Pará should be mostly fromVirola surinamensis; those originating from Colombia should be fromDialyanthera Otoba; and tallow from southern Brazil should be fromVirola sebifera, or fromV. oleifera.

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Zusammenfassung In der Neuen Welt sind zwei oder vielleicht drei Gattungen derMyristicaceae an der Produktion von vegetabilischem Talg beteiligt,Virola undDialanthera, vielleicht auchOsteophloem. Erzeugnisse von Belém do Pará stammen meist vonVirola surinamensis, solche von Columbia wahrscheinlich vonDialanthera Otoba. Talge aus dem südlichen Brasilien stammen vonVirola sebifera oder vonVirola oleifera.

     

305份国内外小麦种质条锈病与白粉病抗性鉴定与评价

为获得抗病小麦种质以促进其在育种上的应用,利用与抗条锈病基因和抗白粉病基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记对国内外的305份小麦种质进行检测.结果显示,携带Yr10、Yr15、Yr18、Yr26、Yr46、Pm8、Pm21 和Pm34 基因的材料分别为5、10、23、0、4、100、1、95份,占比依次为 1.63％、3.2...     

水分和氮素对陇育216冬小麦气体交换和叶绿素荧光的影响

为深入探讨水氮互作对冬小麦光合的影响机制,在温室盆栽条件下,以冬小麦品种陇育216为材料,分析了不同土壤水分和氮素条件下冬小麦叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的差异。结果表明,在水分胁迫(35%FWC)和正常水分供应(70%FWC)下,从9:00到17:00,中氮(5mmol·L-1)处理小麦叶片净光合速率(Pn)显著高于低氮(2mmol·L-1)。与正常水分供应相比,水分胁迫均降低了Pn、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。增施氮肥可提高水分胁迫下的Gs、Tr和Rd,消除水分胁迫对Gs、Vc,max、Jmax、TPU和Fv/Fm的负效应,降低了qP和ETR。说明适度施氮可促进水分胁迫下气体交换、光能利用以及PSII的光化学反应和电子传递,从而提高冬小麦光合和对水分缺乏的适应能力。     

The effects of nitrogen uptake before and after heading on grain protein content and the occurrence of basal- and back-white grains in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Chalky rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains are induced by high temperature during the grain-filling period. Plant nitrogen status also affects the occurrence of basal- and back-white grains (BBWG). The objective of this study was to elucidate the relations between nitrogen availability per spikelet during the grain-filling period (N_GF) and each of the percentage of BBWG and grain protein content (GPC). We further compared the effect of the components of N_GF determined before heading (N_BH) and after heading (N_AH) on BBWG and GPC. We grew the rice cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ in pots in 2012 and 2013, and top-dressed nitrogen at the panicle formation and heading stages, under two (2012) or three (2013) temperature regimes during the grain-filling period. GPC was explained well by N_GF, but BBWG was not. BBWG was best explained in a multiple-regression equation by mean air temperature after heading and by N_BH and N_AH. The partial correlation coefficients for N_BH were 1.6 and 3.0 times those for N_AH in 2012 and 2013, respectively. On the other hand, in a multiple-regression equation for GPC, the partial correlation coefficients for N_BH were 0.91 and 0.71 times those for N_AH in 2012 and 2013, respectively. These results suggest that rice grains are most sensitive to plant nitrogen status before heading for BBWG but after heading for GPC, and that there is an optimal timing for nitrogen top-dressing that would maximize the reduction in BBWG per unit increment of GPC.     

黄淮麦区小麦种质资源矮秆基因分布及其与农艺性状的关系

为了进一步阐明多个矮秆基因的分布及其与小麦农艺性状的关系,运用分子标记对来自我国黄淮麦区的246份小麦种质资源中6个矮秆基因位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht4、Rht8、Rht9及Rht12)分别进行了检测,同时连续3年调查参试材料株高、穗长、穗下节长、小穗数、旗叶长、旗叶宽、穗粒数、粒长、粒宽和千粒重共10个农艺性状,分析了不同矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响。结果表明,6个矮秆基因在黄淮麦区小麦中均具有广泛分布,其中含有Rht1和Rht2基因的小麦品种分布最广。分析矮秆基因位点对小麦农艺性状的影响发现,在Rht1位点,Rht1-B1a和Rht1-B1b两种基因型间的株高没有显著差异;在Rht2位点,拥有Rht2-D1b类型的小麦品种所有年份间的株高和穗下节长较低,但千粒重较高,为相对优良的基因型。排除Rht1和Rht2基因效应后,Rht4、Rht8、Rht9和Rht12位点对黄淮麦区小麦品种不同农艺性状均具有重要影响,其中,Rht4基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht4-B1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht8基因位点主要对小麦穗下节长、穗长和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht8-D1b类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht9基因位点主要对小麦株高和千粒重具有重要影响,且Rht9-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型;Rht12基因位点主要对小麦千粒重和穗长具有重要影响,且Rht12-A1a类型为相对优良的基因型。进一步分析发现,6个位点中对株高影响最大的是Rht2基因,其次是Rht4基因;有4个位点(Rht1、Rht2、Rht8、Rht12)对千粒重有显著影响,其中Rht2基因的影响最大。分析除Rht1外其他5个位点优良基因型在不同时期小麦品种中的分布发现,从早期历史品种、近期历史品种到现代品种,不同位点优良基因型分布比例总体呈现上升趋势,表明优良矮秆基因型在黄淮麦区小麦品种选育中的利用逐渐增加,尤其是82.9%的现代小麦品种已含有Rht2-D1b类型。     

春化及光周期基因的等位变异对小麦主要农艺性状及产量的影响

为了解春化及光周期基因对小麦生育期、农艺性状及产量的影响,以田间种植的253份国内外小麦品种(系)为材料,利用分子标记检测其春化基因(Vrn-1)和光周期基因( Ppd-D1)的等位变异,记录其抽穗期、开花期,在灌浆中期调查其株高、成穗数等农艺性状,收获后调查其产量性状。结果表明,供试材料中包含13种春化和光周期基因等位变异组合类型,其中含有 vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a组合的材料最多,占59.68%; Vrn-1+Ppd-D1a组合可显著缩短小麦播种至开花所需的时间。含有 Vrn-A1a或 Vrn-B1材料的成穗数显著多于含有 Vrn-D1或 vrn-1的材料,但含有 Vrn-1不同等位变异的材料间产量无显著差异;含有 Vrn-A1a材料的旗叶长而窄。与含有 Ppd-D1b的小麦材料相比,含有 Ppd-D1a的材料开花期显著提前,且株高降低,同时穗下茎长、旗叶长和倒二叶长均显著缩短。综上,春化及光周期基因在影响小麦抽穗开花期的同时,对农艺性状和产量也有重要影响;含有 Vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1a组合的小麦材料在生育期稳定性、产量等性状上均表现优异,在育种...     

小麦种子颜色测定的色差计法和目测法及对穗发芽抗性的鉴定效果

为了解种子颜色目测法和色差计法对小麦穗发芽抗性的鉴定效果,利用这两种方法对1 018份小麦材料种子颜色进行测定,并分析了色差计量指标L~*、a~*、b~*及a~*/b~*、b~*/a~*、a~*/L~*、b~*/L~*值与种子颜色和穗发芽抗性的关系。结果表明:(1)红粒小麦a~*、a~*/b~*和a~*/L~*的均值均显著高于白粒小麦,其他指标均值显著低于白粒小麦;(2)a~*/b~*和b~*/a~*值与种子颜色相关性强,相关系数分别为-0.934和0.941,其线性回归方程可用于判断小麦种子颜色;(3)红粒小麦的穗发芽抗性显著高于白粒小麦,但不同红粒品种之间穗发芽抗性差异很大,变异系数为122.36%;(4)种子颜色及a~*/b~*和b~*/a~*值与穗发芽抗性相关性强,相关系数分别为0.854、-0.831和0.835;其次是a~*/L~*值与穗发芽抗性的相关性,其相关系数为-0.735;(5)目测法获得的种子颜色可解释穗发芽抗性72.9%的变异,色差计参数可解释穗发芽抗性72.5%的变异,但在单独分析时,色差计参数对红粒和白粒小麦穗发芽抗性分别仅能解释11.4%和8.7%的变异。总之,色差计法测量种子颜色,可以作为目测法判别小麦种子颜色的补充方法,用于种子颜色定性和定量比较分析。尽管红粒小麦比白粒小麦抗穗发芽,但鉴于红粒小麦品种(系)间穗发芽抗性差异很大,仍需进行穗发芽抗性鉴定。     

四川小麦品种高、低分子量麦谷蛋白基因和1B/1R易位的分子标记鉴定

为给四川小麦品质育种提供参考信息,利用7个HMW-GS、17个LMW-GS和1个1B/1R易位的特异分子标记,对105份2000年后育成的四川小麦品种进行上述基因检测。结果表明:(1)针对HMWGS,在Glu-A1位点,含Ax2*的品种有2份,频率为1.9%;在Glu-B1位点,含Bx7、Bx20、Bx17、By8和By9的品种分别有73、26、4、45和30份,频率分别为69.5%、24.8%、3.8%、42.9%和28.6%,未检测到含Bx7OE的品种;在Glu-D1位点,含Dx5的品种有65份,频率为61.9%。(2)针对LMW-GS,在Glu-A3位点,含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c、Glu-A3d和Glu-A3f的品种分别有2、2、63、29和9份,频率分别为1.9%、1.9%、60.0%、27.6%和8.6%,未检测到含Glu-A3e和Glu-A3g的品种;在Glu-B3位点,含Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、GluB3g和Glu-B3i的品种分别有18、10、1、75和1份,频率分别为17.1%、9.5%、1.0%、71.4%和1.0%,未检测到含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3c、Glu-B3e和Glu-B3h的品种。(3)含1B/1R易位的品种有36份,频率为34.3%。(4)组合6种和5种以上优质基因的品种分别有2份(频率为3.8%)和15份(频率为14.3%)。可利用这些品种作为亲本,在四川小麦品质育种中逐步导入优质基因Ax2*、Bx7、By8、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b,并淘汰1B/1R易位,优化四川小麦面筋优质基因组成。     

Effect of Pre- and Post-heading Water Deficit on Growth and Grain Yield of Four Millets

Abstract

Seeds of Panicum miliaceum, P. sumatrense, Setaria glauca and S. italica were raised in polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes filled with sandy soil in a greenhouse to determine the effect of preand post-heading water deficit on growth and grain yield. Water stress treatment was initiated 25 days after sowing. The grain yield of S. italica and S. glauca decreased 80 and 70%, respectively, under water stress; and that of P. miliaceum and P. sumatrense decreased 36 and 20%, respectively. The reductions were ascribed to smaller number of grains per panicle, smaller number of panicles and lighter total dry weight. The grain yield decreased when water stress was imposed before heading in S. italica and S. glauca ,but both before and after heading in P. miliaceum and P. sumatrense. Mild water stress decreased the leaf water potential of all millets. Osmotic adjustment of the leaf could not explain the interspecific difference in drought tolerance. Water stress increased the root growth of S. italica ,S. glauca and P. sumatrense at deeper soil layers at heading. At harvest, it also increased root growth at deeper soil layers in S.italica and S. glauca. There was a significant correlation between grain yield and root dry weight among the millets except S. italica. The drought tolerant millet showed greater drought tolerance to water deficit not only at the vegetative stages but also at the reproductive stages than two susceptible millets.     

Variations in physiological,biochemical, and structural traits of photosynthesis and resource use efficiency in maize and teosintes (NADP-ME-type C4)

C₄ plants show higher photosynthetic capacity and resource use efficiency than C₃ plants. However, the genetic variations of these traits and their regulatory factors in C₄ plants still remain to be resolved. We investigated physiological, biochemical, and structural traits involved in photosynthesis and photosynthetic water and nitrogen use efficiencies (PWUE and PNUE) in 22 maize lines and four teosinte lines from various regions of the world. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) ranged from 32.1 to 46.5 μmol m^?2 s^?1. P_N was positively correlated with stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll, nitrogen and soluble protein contents of leaves, but not with specific leaf weight. P_N was positively correlated with the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the C₄-acid decarboxylases, NADP-malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, but not with the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Leaf structural traits (stomatal parameters, leaf thickness, and interveinal distance) were not correlated with P_N. These data suggest that physiological and biochemical traits are involved in the genetic variation of P_N, but structural traits are not directly involved. PWUE is in the lower class of values reported for C₄ plants, whereas PNUE is in the highest class of values reported for C₄ plants. PNUE was negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen content but not significantly correlated with P_N. PWUE was not correlated with δ¹³C values of leaves, indicating difficulty in using δ¹³C values as an indicator of PWUE of maize. In general, teosinte lines showed lower P_N but higher PWUE than maize lines.     

禾谷孢囊线虫初始密度对其繁殖及小麦生长和产量的影响

为明确土壤中禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)初始密度(Pi)与小麦生长和产量的关系,在2011-2013年的两个冬小麦生育周期里,通过网室盆栽试验,分析了土壤禾谷孢囊线虫初始密度对其繁殖及小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,禾谷孢囊线虫的繁殖系数(Rf)随Pi的增加而减少,当Pi为0.5个卵·mL-1土时,Rf达到8.7;当Pi为64个卵·mL-1土时,Rf仅为2.8。小麦株高、茎叶干重、根干重及产量均与Pi呈显著负相关。当Pi≥8个卵·mL-1土时,小麦植株生长受到抑制,产量显著下降,因此田间禾谷孢囊线虫的初始密度高于该值时,应当采取有效措施进行防治。     

Milling characteristics and distribution of phytic acid and zinc in long-, medium- and short-grain rice

Milling and polishing are important operations during the production of white rice. The degree of milling and polishing has a significant effect on the nutritional aspects of white rice, especially on minerals, due to a non-uniform distribution of nutrients in the kernel. Information on the distribution of nutrients in rice will greatly help in understanding the effect of milling and aid in designing procedures that improve technological and sensory properties of rice while retaining its essential nutrients as much as possible. In this study, three kernel shapes (short-, medium- and long-grain) of rice were selected for the study of milling characteristics and distribution of zinc (Zn) and phytic acid using abrasive milling and X-ray fluorescent microscope imaging approaches.Milling characteristics differed with kernel shapes and cultivars. Mass loss (y, %) correlated well with milling duration (x, s) and was fitted using a polynomial equation of y=ax²+bx+c (R²=0.99). Different kernel shapes of rice resulted in different patterns. Breakage in milling increased with longer duration of milling. The relation between breakage (y, %) and milling duration (x, s) fitted the exponential equation y=ae^bx. Levels of phytic acid, as well as Zn, decreased with prolonged milling. Phytic acid decreased at a higher rate than Zn. The analysis of different milling runs showed that the concentration of phytic acid decreased from the surface region inward, whereas X-ray fluorescent images indicated that the highest concentration of phosphorus was at the interface of the embryo and perisperm.Our results help in understanding the milling characteristics of different rice cultivars. Understanding these characteristics offers opportunities to optimize milling procedures for maximum phytate removal at minimum mineral losses and yield loss.     

Fungal endophyte diversity in Paspalum and effects on plant growth

In natural ecosystems, plants appear to be in symbiosis with diverse fungal endophytes which can have impacts on plant communities. Paspalum is one of the most important grass genera in South American grasslands. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of fungal endophytes in two Paspalum species and evaluate their effects on plant growth. Sixty plant samples were collected for Paspalum notatum in a rangeland in northeastern Argentina, and the same number for Paspalum dilatatum in central Argentina. A triple-sterilization process was carried out by submerging small pieces of leaves and stems for the isolation of fungi from the collected plants. In order to identify endophytes, morphological characters and fungal sequences corresponding to the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region were analysed. A total of eight genera were identified: Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Trichoderma. A greenhouse trial was conducted to determine the effects of fungal endophytes on growth. Trichoderma significantly increased relative chlorophyll content in P. notatum and Acremonium endophytes increased tiller number, and above- and below-ground biomass in P. dilatatum. The diversity of fungal endophytes that was present in P. notatum and P. dilatatum was described. In conclusion, some aspects of growth of these Paspalum species seem to be positively affected by Trichoderma and Acremonium.     

小麦TaCTSB基因在小麦-条锈菌互作中的功能研究

为明确小麦组织蛋白酶B基因TaCTSB在小麦与条锈菌互作中的功能,采用PCR技术扩增获得TaCTSB基因的完整编码区序列;通过qRT-PCR技术检测TaCTSB基因的表达情况;利用农杆菌介导瞬时表达体系在烟草叶片上进行亚细胞定位,并验证其是否能够诱导细胞坏死;利用VIGS技术瞬时沉默TaCTSB,解析其对小麦与条锈菌互作的影响。结果表明,TaCTSB基因编码344个氨基酸,N端含有1~19 aa的信号肽,无跨膜结构;qRT-PCR结果显示,TaCTSB基因在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作早期上调表达。瞬时表达分析发现,烟草叶片上瞬时表达TaCTSB基因能够诱导细胞坏死,且质壁分离后TaCTSB分泌到细胞外。在TaCTSB瞬时沉默植株上接种条锈菌毒性小种CYR31,产孢量变化不显著;而接种条锈菌无毒性小种CYR23,产孢量升高;组织细胞学观察发现,在小麦叶片中瞬时沉默TaCTSB,其活性氧面积和坏死面积显著下降,菌丝面积及菌丝长度均有所增加,表明沉默TaCTSB减弱了小麦对条锈菌的抗性。     

Effect of fertilizer application on the yield,protein and fat content,and protein quality of raw and cooked grain of three amaranth species

Four selections of three amaranth species were used in the study:A. cruentus (US Rodale 82S-1034),A. hypochondriacus (US Rodale 81S-1024).A. caudatus (Cusco, Peru CAC-2002) andA. cruentus (GUA-17). These were fertilized with levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha of a 12-24-12 fertilizer formulation applied to experimental plots 3×4m² in four replications. The harvested grain was used for protein and fat analysis, and for protein quality evaluations on raw and on heat processed samples.A. cruentus (US) andA. hypochondriacus flowered at 43–44 days at 60 and 43cm, respectively,A. caudatus (Peru) at 51 days and 65cm, andA. cruentus (Gua) at 50 days and 80cm height. Days at harvest varied from 100 to 129 days at heights of 125 to 180cm. Yield of grain fromA. hypochondriacus (US) andA. cruentus (Gua) was higher than forA. cruentus (US) andA. caudatus, but did not differ for each pair. although not influencing yield, the application of fertilizer increased protein content forA. caudatus (Peru) from 12.35 to 14.50%; but not the protein content of the other selections. The fat content was affected differently in all four selections. The application of fertilizer did not affect protein quality either in raw or processed grain. On the other hand, processing increased protein quality, food intake, and animal performance significantly most clearly seen withA. cruentus (US) andA. caudatus (Peru) and to a lesser extent forA. hypochondriacus (US) andA. cruentus (Gua)). The data obtained showed inconsistent effects on yield and chemical composition, and no effect on protein quality with fertilizer application.     

Preparation and dielectric properties of polyvinyl alcohol (Co,Zn Acetate) Fiber/n-Si and polyvinyl alcohol (Ni,Zn Acetate)/n-Si Schottky diodes

Dielectric properties and ac electrical conductivity (σ _ac ) of Au/PVA(Co, Zn acetate)/n-Si and Au/PVA(Ni, Zn acetate)/n-Si Schottky diodes (SDs) have been investigated in dark and under illumination by using experimental capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) measurements at 1 MHz and room temperature. Experimental results indicate that the change in dielectric constant (ɛ′), dielectric loss (ɛ″), loss tangent (tanδ), the real (M′) and imaginary (M″) parts of electric modulus and ac electrical conductivity (σ _ac ) with illumination were found to change linearly with illumination level (P). On the other hand, the ɛ′, ɛ″, tanδ and σ _ac vs P have positive slope while the M′ and M″ vs P have negative slope. Such behavior of dielectric properties and σ _ac can be attributed to illumination induced electron-hole pairs under illumination effect in the depletion region of SDs. The obtained results under illumination suggest that these devices can be used as a sensor in optical applications.     

Pins基因等位变异对磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响

为了探讨新疆冬小麦品种Pins基因等位变异对小麦磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响,对109份新疆冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度及其Pins基因等位变异、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质进行测定,初步分析了新疆冬小麦品种资源籽粒硬度Pins基因的分布规律以及不同 Pins基因等位变异对籽粒硬度、磨粉品质和新疆拉面加工品质的影响。结果表明,新疆冬小麦品种属硬质麦类型,Pins基因型以 Pina-D1a、 Pinb-D1b和 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b为主, Pins突变类型及Pins突变基因型组合类型小麦的籽粒硬度均显著高于野生型, Pinb-D1a基因型小麦的籽粒硬度最低,L^*值和a^*值最高,b^*值最低; Pinb-D1ab基因型小麦的吸水率最高。不同Pins基因型组合中,野生型小麦的籽粒硬度、b^*值和吸水率最低; Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1aa的出粉率最高, Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1ab的灰分含量最低,吸水率最高。Pins基因及其基因型组合对新疆拉面加工品质无直接影响,主要通过对灰分、面粉色泽和吸水率等磨粉品质的作用对新疆拉面产生间接影响。优质新疆拉面品种中,Pinb基因突变对新疆拉面加工品质的影响大于Pina基因突变,育种中应优先选择Pinb 基因突变型材料,其中 Pina-D1a/ Pinb-D1b可以作为重点选择的基因型组合。     

云南咖啡主要病虫害及防治调查研究

对云南保山、德宏、普洱等地咖啡病虫害开展调查研究,结果表明：咖啡锈病(Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack)、褐斑病(Cercospora coffeicola Berk. et Cooke)、幼苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.)、旋皮天牛(Acalolepta cervina Hope)、灭字虎天牛(Xylo     

小麦面粉和鲜面片色泽及 Psy-A1 与 Ppo-A1 等位变异检测

为研究小麦面粉和鲜面片色泽及其与两个色泽相关基因等位变异之间的关系,以我国主要麦区17个大面积推广品种及1个优异品系为材料,进行面粉和鲜面片色泽分析和 Psy-A1 、 Ppo-A1 基因等位变异检测。结果表明,扬麦18、泛麦5号、扬麦9号、平安7号、扬麦20面粉和鲜面片色泽均比较好,亮度高,黄度低,携有优异等位变异;川麦42是优异的低黄度种质资源,但亮度需提升。面粉和鲜面片的L~*值间、a~*值间、b~*值间均呈极显著正相关,L~*值与a~*、b~*值均呈极显著负相关,a~*值和b~*值无显著相关性。 Psy-A1主要引起鲜面片a~*值和b~*值显著变化;对a~*值的效应表现为 Psy-A1b Psy-A1a ;对b~*值的效应表现为 Psy-A1b Psy-A1a ; Ppo-A1 对面粉及鲜面片的b~*值、鲜面片放置2 h和4 h的L~*值有显著影响;对b~*值的效应表现为 Ppo-A1b Ppo-A1a ;对L~*值的效应表现为 Ppo-A1b Ppo-A1a 。4个等位变异组合仅对鲜面片黄度b~*值有极显著影响, Ppo-A1a/ Psy-A1a 基因型最高,其他三种基因型差异不显著。因此,改良小麦面粉和面制品色泽应注意淘汰 Ppo-A1a / Psy-A1a 基因型,高世代需加强面制品色泽的筛选鉴定。     

宁夏小麦品种（系）脂肪氧化酶基因的检测与分布

为给宁夏优质小麦育种和推广提供依据,本研究以180份宁夏小麦品种（系）为材料,利用分子标记检测脂肪氧化酶（LOX）基因在QLpx.caas-1AL和TaLOX-B1位点的组成情况,分析其分布特点。结果表明,不同等位变异及其组合类型的分布比例不同。在QLpx.caas-1AL位点,除了原有的3种等位变异Xwmc312-227、Xwmc312-235和Xwmc312-247外,还发现了2种新的等位变异。经测序分析,两种新变异条带大小分别为199 bp和223 bp,暂命名为Xwmc312-199和Xwmc312-223。该位点5种等位变异的分布比例分别为46.11%、32.78%、18.89%、1.11%和1.11%。在TaLOX-B1位点存在2种等位变异,即TaLOX-B1a和TaLOX-B1b,分别占15.56%和84.44%。宁夏小麦LOX基因位点存在8种等位变异组合类型,其中Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b组合类型比例（40.56%）最高,Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1b次之（27.78%）,Xwmc312-199/TaLOX-B1b和Xwmc312-223/TaLOX-B1b最低（均为1.11%）。同时,在不同地区和相同地区不同来源品种（系）间,LOX基因的分布也存在差异。总体来看,宁夏小麦低活性LOX基因等位变异类型（Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b）所占的比例明显高于高活性类型（Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-Ba1）。