Expression of Aminopeptidase N1 （APN1）, the Main Receptor Protein for Bacillus thuringiensis CrylA Toxin from Helicoverpa armigera Larval Midgut in Trichoplusia ni cells

The aim of this article is to successfully express the Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） toxin receptor protein located on the internal membrane of larval midgut of cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera Hübner） within eukaryotic expression system, which is one of the key links for clarifying the relationship between receptor and Bt resistance. The fragments of aminopeptidase N1 （APN1） gene without signal peptide in the susceptible and the resistant H. armigera were cloned separately using PCR method, and were separately cloned into pUC 19 vector. After sequencing the gene, the fragments encoding for APN1 without signal peptide were cloned into the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system with transfer vector pFastBacHTB under the polyhedron gene promoter. The recombinant transposing plasmid pFastBacHTB/APN1 was screened and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH10Bac. It was cultured in LB medium, which contained Te, Kan, Ge, X-gal, and IPTG. The resulting recombinant bacmid was transfected into cells of the insect Trichoplusia ni and recombinant baculoviruse was obtained. The lysate of cells infected with recombinant baculoviruse was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and blot analysis. The results showed that the recombinant baculoviruse was fully capable of expressing APN1. The APN1 gene successfully expressed in T. ni cell established the base for continuing the research on its function and relationshio of resistance with Bt.     

棉铃虫氨肽酶N基因片段克隆、表达和内源蛋白检测

氨肽酶N（APN）是苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫毒素Cry在昆虫中肠中的一个重要受体。研究氨肽酶N在昆虫中肠中的分布特征对于阐明Cry毒素的杀虫机理和昆虫对Cry毒素的抗性机理具有重要的意义。通过RT-PCR的方法从棉铃虫中肠上皮细胞中克隆得到氨肽酶N的基因片段APN1551,并诱导表达纯化得到其重组蛋白APN517。以此蛋白为抗原,制备其抗血清。用该抗血清能检测到棉铃虫中肠上皮细胞中的APN蛋白。为研究Cry毒素的作用机理奠定基础。     

棉铃虫中肠Cry1A受体蛋白氨肽酶N1在Tn细胞系的表达

 【目的】将棉铃虫中肠Bt受体蛋白在真核表达系统中成功表达。【方法】用PCR方法分别扩增出对Cry1Ac毒素敏感和抗性棉铃虫的中肠氨肽酶N1（APN1）基因的去信号肽片段,将其克隆至pUC 19载体,测定核酸序列后,克隆入Bac-to-Bac表达系统中杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTB中多角体基因启动子的下游,筛选出重组质粒pFastBacHTB/APN1并转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac,在体内进行重组,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得杆状病毒重组载体Bacmid/APN1。转染粉纹夜蛾（Trichoplusia ni）细胞（Tn-5B1-4）,获得含APN1基因的重组杆状病毒,重组病毒感染Tn细胞后,得到表达的蛋白。【结果】SDS-PAGE分析和点杂交显示,目的基因得到了成功表达。【结论】APN1基因在Tn细胞中成功表达,为今后继续研究其功能和与抗性的关系奠定了基础。     

Characterization and functional analysis of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase involved in Cry1Ac resistance from Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)

Carbohydrate chains are the principal antigens by which Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) identify receptor proteins. The interaction between the antigen and Bt causes a pore in the membrane of midgut epithelial cells of insects. Receptor proteins, such as aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase, are glycoproteins. Cadherin is another cell surface receptor protein which has potential glycosylation sites. Glycosyltransferase is very important for the synthesis and modification of receptor proteins. It can indirectly influence the function of Bt. The 1 950 bp full-length c DNA encoding β-1,3-galactosyltransferase was cloned from the the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera by degenerative PCR combined with RACE techniques(GAL-Harm, Gen Bank accession no.: GQ904195.1) with two potential N-glycosylation sites(157NNTI160 and 272NKTL275). Protein sequence alignments revealed that H. armigera β-1,3-galactosyltransferase shared high identity with β-1,3-galactosyltransferase in other insect species. The expression level of the β-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene in Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera larvae was 9.2-fold higher than that in susceptible strain. The function of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase was investigated using RNAi technique. The result showed Cry1 Ac enhanced the toxicity against the si RNA-treated larvae compared with non-si RNA-treated ones, which indicated β-1,3-galactosyltransferase played an important role for the insecticidal toxicity of Cry1 Ac in H. armigera.     

昆虫中肠Bt毒素受体氨肽酶N的研究进展

氨肽酶N(APN)是昆虫中肠中主要的Bt毒素受体,它与Cry毒素特异结合后,毒素插入细胞膜,在膜上形成孔洞,细胞裂解,最终导致昆虫死亡.APN的变异导致昆虫对Bt敏感性下降甚至产生抗性.就APN的结构特征、分类、APN与Cry毒素的相互作用机制以及APN与昆虫Bt抗性的关系作一综述.     

棉铃虫CYP4家族基因片段克隆及序列分析

以5龄实验室品系棉铃虫的总RNA为模板,采用一对昆虫细胞色素P450简并引物,利用反转录—多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增并筛选出10个新的长度约450bp的cDNA片段,并对这些序列与GeneBank中已知序列进行相似性分析,初步推测这10个P450基因片段属于CYP4家族的CYP4M和CYP4S2个亚家族。     

木毒蛾氨肽酶N1基因克隆与表达分析

  目的  氨肽酶N（APN）是昆虫中肠一类重要的Bt受体蛋白,Bt细菌产生的Cry毒素对昆虫的毒杀作用机理在学术界存在一定争议,但是普遍认为毒素与Bt受体蛋白的结合是产生毒力的必要环节。本研究通过基因克隆、生物信息学分析以及不同龄期组织中的表达对木毒蛾APN1基因进行研究,为后续研究APN基因家族、其他Bt受体蛋白及Cry毒素作用机制提供有益补充。  方法  以木毒蛾中肠cDNA为模板,对木毒蛾APN1基因进行克隆并进行生物学分析,利用实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术分析该基因在木毒蛾发育阶段及不同组织中的表达模式。  结果  克隆获得木毒蛾APN1基因的全长DNA,命名为LxAPN1。LxAPN1序列全长为3 159 bp,ORF为3 054 bp,编码1 017个氨基酸,序列比对和进化树分析表明,LxAPN1与舞毒蛾的LdAPN1高度同源,在N-端都具有信号肽,都具有锌结合位点HEXXH（X₁₈）E以及保守区域GAMENWG,在末端具有GPI结合位点;LxAPN1在木毒蛾卵期无表达,在所有幼虫阶段中均有表达,幼虫期过后LxAPN1表达量锐减;LxAPN1在肠道的表达量明显高于头部和表皮。  结论  LxAPN1在木毒蛾中肠被成功克隆,LxAPN1与LdAPN1高度同源,并且在进化树的分布上也极其相近,推测两者的APN1功能上近似;LxAPN1在木毒蛾2龄幼虫期表达量最高。并且在6龄幼虫肠道中表达量最高,肠道高表达与LxAPN1作为Bt受体在木毒蛾中肠发挥作用息息相关。      

一株对鳞翅目蔬菜害虫具有广谱高毒力的新Bt菌株

从河北省土壤分离出苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)MB-15菌株,利用室内生物活性测定的方法,与Bt标准菌株HD-1的杀虫毒力进行比较,结果发现该菌株胞晶混合液对棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)和菜青虫(Pieris rapae)等5种鳞翅目蔬菜害虫的毒力均高于标准菌株Bt HD-1胞晶混合液。对发酵液各组分活性的分析发现,该菌株的上清液对胞晶混合物的杀虫活性有明显的增效作用。光学显微镜下观察该菌株伴胞晶体为菱形,SDS-PAGE分析显示其伴胞晶体主要由130.0 kDa和65.0 kDa两种晶体蛋白组成。利用PCR-RFLP对其杀虫基因型进行鉴定,结果表明该菌株含有cry1Ac、cry2Aa、cry1I和vip3Aa基因。推断该菌株是一株对鳞翅目蔬菜害虫的防治具有潜在的商业开发价值的Bt野生株。     

Cry1Ac抗、感棉铃虫碱性磷酸酯酶（ALP1）的表达量比较

【目的】通过比较Cry1Ac抗、感棉铃虫昆虫中肠碱性磷酸酶（ALP1）表达量的差异及抗性棉铃虫取食Cry1Ac蛋白对ALP1表达量的影响,分析ALP1表达量变化与抗性的关系,为进一步明确Bt抗性机制、制定抗性治理策略提供理论依据。【方法】利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,比较敏感棉铃虫、Cry1Ac抗性棉铃虫取食含Cry1Ac蛋白的饲料和正常饲料后ALP1表达量的差异。【结果】ALP1在棉铃虫整个发育期都表达,幼虫的表达量最高,蛹期表达量最低,在成虫体内也有较高的表达;ALP1在幼虫中肠表达量最高,其次是后肠、前肠、马氏管,表皮中的表达量最低;与敏感品系相比,对Cry1Ac具有中等水平抗性的棉铃虫ALP1表达量明显增加,尤其是取食含Cry1Ac蛋白饲料的抗性棉铃虫幼虫的ALP1的表达量显著升高,但抗性棉铃虫取食正常饲料后,2、3龄幼虫的ALP1的表达量与敏感棉铃虫差异不显著;所有的抗性品系4龄棉铃虫幼虫中肠ALP1的表达量都显著高于敏感品系,而且随着棉铃虫抗性倍数的升高,ALP1的表达量呈逐渐降低的趋势。【结论】抗性棉铃虫中肠ALP1表达量的改变可能与Cry1Ac抗性、Cry1Ac代谢有一定的关系。     

Comparative Analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa57 and Vip3Aa62 Insecticidal Activities

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) exhibits strong insecticidal activity and is harmless to non-target organisms such as human and animals. Bt becomes the most commonly used environment-friendly insecticidal microorganism. However, the insecticidal activities of different Bt strains variy significantly. Therefore, it is particularly important to compare the insecticidal activities of different strains and explore their insecticidal effector mechanisms to expand Bt insecticidal spectrum and enrich transgenic resources. Here, the insecticidal activities of Vip3Aa57 and Vip3Aa62 strains, carrying vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding genes that were inserted into the expression vector pET-21b and transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) strain, expressing 88 ku protein, were compared. Vip3Aa57 protein reportedly displayed body weight inhibition effect on Spodoptera exigua without affecting Heliothis armigera while Vip3Aa62 protein was known to have strong insecticidal activity against S. exigua (LC50=5.124 ng ? mg-1). A low H. armigera activity (LC50=870.1 ng ? mg-1) was observed. The paraffin sectioning results showed that Vip3Aa57 protein affected S. exigua midgut cell morphology. The laser confocal microscopic imaging results showed that Vip3Aa57 bound to receptors in the midgut without damaging the midgut tissue morphology. This study would be conducive for making full use of Bt strains in the soil to compare the insecticidal activities of different Vip insecticidal genes. It could thus provide significant help in revealing the underlying insecticidal mechanisms of Vip3Aa insecticidal genes, developing new insecticidal proteins and delaying pest resistance problems.     

棉铃虫对Bt毒素抗性遗传方式的研究

在室内条件下,采用对Bt毒素产生253倍的抗性棉铃虫种群,研究其对Cry1Ac的抗性遗传方式。结果表明,互交后代(抗性雄蛾×敏感雌蛾和抗性雌蛾×敏感雄蛾)的效应显性值DML分别为0.14和0.11,二者差异不显著,表明抗性为常染色体,不完全隐性遗传;对正反交F1代的回交后代、正反交F1代的自交后代生长发育期望值与实际值进行χ2分析,表明抗性由单基因控制。     

Comparison of Acetylcholinesterase Characteristics Between Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The sensitivity of a susceptible and two resistant strains of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, to phoxim, malathion and methomyl was determined by a topical application of bioassay method. YG strain, collected from field of Yanggu,Shandong Province of China, possessed 7-, 13- and 20-fold of resistance to the above three antiacetylcholinesterases based on the comparison of LD50 values with a laboratory susceptible strain. There were not significant difference of the specific activity and the Vmax value among the three strains. But the affinity of AChE to acetylthiocholine (ATCh), in YG strain was the lowest among the three strains tested. A eDNA encoding partial AChE gene was cloned from the three strains by RT-PCR and there was one nucleotide acid difference between YG strain and other two strains which resulted in no amino acid mutation. This partial AChE gene was used as a probe to perform Southern blot. The results indicated that there was no gene amplification in resistant cotton bollworm. Altered AChE with a decreased sensitivity to inhibitors appeared to be one of important resistance mechanisms in cotton bollworm against OP and carbamate compounds.     

棉铃虫磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白的克隆及表达分析

【目的】克隆获得棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein,PEBP)的cDNA序列,分析HaPEBP在棉铃虫体内的表达规律,检测2-十三烷酮处理条件下棉铃虫体内HaPEBP的变化情况,为进一步明确棉铃虫PEBP的功能和选择该基因作为调控棉铃虫种群数量的分子靶标提供依据。【方法】利用RACE技术从棉铃虫6龄幼虫的中肠组织中扩增得到HaPEBP的cDNA序列,并对其氨基酸序列和蛋白结构进行分析。将HaPEBP的ORF序列连接至pET32a载体并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后检测目的蛋白的表达形式,并通过镍柱的亲和层析纯化融合蛋白。最后通过实时荧光定量PCR检测棉铃虫幼虫不同时期和6龄幼虫不同组织中HaPEBP的表达规律,以及2-十三烷酮处理棉铃虫6龄幼虫后中肠内HaPEBP的变化规律。【结果】获得的HaPEBP cDNA序列长760 bp,其中ORF为588 bp,编码195个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量和等电点分别为21.76 kD和5.93。氨基酸序列分析表明HaPEBP无信号肽、跨膜结构域和二硫键,是一个由4个α螺旋和9个β折叠片组成的胞质单体蛋白。将BL21(DE3)-pET32a-HaPEBP重组菌用1 mmol·L^-1的IPTG在37℃条件下诱导4 h,约40 kD的融合蛋白His-HaPEBP能以可溶的形式存在于重组菌中。按照同样的方法诱导1 L的重组菌,将超声处理后的上清液与Ni-NTA柱结合,进行咪唑缓冲液梯度洗涤,200 mmol·L^-1的咪唑洗涤两次后得到约40 kD的单一蛋白,与融合蛋白的大小一致。将此流出液超滤浓缩,获得183.3 ng·μl^-1的融合蛋白,能被抗His-Tag的单克隆抗体识别发生免疫反应。HaPEBP在棉铃虫幼虫的1-6龄期和预蛹期均表达,且6龄幼虫的表达量最高。该基因在6龄幼虫的脂肪体、中肠、头部和体壁中也均有表达,且脂肪体内的表达量最高。不同浓度的2-十三烷酮处理后,棉铃虫6龄幼虫中肠内HaPEBP的表达量均有所降低;低浓度(2.5和5 mg·g^-1)在6 h就能降低HaPEBP的表达量,其mRNA含量随着时间的延长逐渐增加;而高浓度(10和15 mg·g^-1)在12 h才会降低HaPEBP的表达量,其mRNA含量随着时间的延长先下降后上升。【结论】克隆分析了HaPEBP,利用大肠杆菌系统表达出可溶的融合蛋白His-HaPEBP,并通过镍柱-咪唑纯化法得到了高纯度的融合蛋白,时空表达分析显示HaPEBP在棉铃虫6龄幼虫和脂肪体中表达量最高,2-十三烷酮处理6龄幼虫后中肠内HaPEBP的表达量显著降低。     

猪瘟C—株和野毒株p80基因的序列分析

利用RT-PCR及nPCR技术扩增出了C-株免脾组织毒和广西玉林野毒（GXYL）p80基因的一段长942bp的序列，并将其克隆互PMD-18T载体中，测定其核苷酸序列并推导出了相应的氨基酸序列，比较C-株，GXYL株和已发表的Alfort株、Brescia株相应核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列同源性，核茜酸同源性最低为87.46%，最高为98.08%，氨基酸同源性最低为94.27%，最高为98.09%，进一步证实了HCV p80基因的高度保守性。     

Toxicity and binding analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Vip3A in Cry1Ac-resistant and-susceptible strains of Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)

The Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3 A, represents a new family of Bt toxin and is currently applied to commercial transgenic cotton. To determine whether the Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa armigera is cross-resistant to Vip3 Aa protein, insecticidal activities, proteolytic activations and binding properties of Vip3 Aa toxin were investigated using Cry1Ac-susceptible(96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera strain(Cry1Ac-R). The toxicity of Vip3 Aa in Cry1Ac-R slightly reduced compared with 96 S, the resistance ratio was only 1.7-fold. The digestion rate of full-length Vip3 Aa by gut juice extracts from 96 S was little faster than that from Cry1Ac-R. Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) showed there was no significant difference between the binding affinity of Vip3 Aa and BBMVs between 96 S and Cry1Ac-R strains, and there was no significant competitive binding between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac in susceptible or resistant strains. So there had little cross-resistance between Vip3 Aa and Cry1 Ac,Vip3A+Cry proteins maybe the suitable pyramid strategy to control H. armigera in China in the future.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry1Ib6基因的克隆、表达及活性的研究

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)能产生杀虫晶体蛋白(Insecticida Crystal Proteins, ICPs),对敏感昆虫有强烈毒性,而对高等动物和人无毒性。ICPs由cry或cyt基因编码,根据cry1I型基因设计引物,以Bt LB52菌株的质粒DNA为模板,扩增出了全长为2.1 kb的cry1I基因,其能通过表达载体pEB在大肠杆菌中高效表达为79.9 kDa的蛋白。经过AlginX软件分析该蛋白由712个氨基酸组成,分子量为79.9 kDa,等电点为6.54,为弱酸性蛋白质,NCBI Blast比对该蛋白的氨基酸序列与Cry1Ib3的相似性最高为98%,有12个氨基酸的差异。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为ADK38579,并被国际基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ib6。它的表达产物对小菜蛾具有较高的毒力,LC50为1.196 μg/mL,为抗虫转基因植物研究提供了新的基因。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ac15基因的克隆及原核表达

[目的]为了分析苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Ac15基因序列。[方法]以全长基因PCR产物的黏端定向克隆的方法,设计1对特异引物,分别引入SalⅠ和BamHⅠ酶切位点。以Ly30质粒DNA为模板扩增cry1Ac全长基因,与表达载体pUCM-T相应的酶切产物连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得含有cry1Ac基因的重组质粒pUCLy1Ac。[结果]cry1Ac基因编码区为3 564 bp,编码蛋白分子量为134 kD,含1 184个氨基酸,与cry1Ac3同源性最高,该基因经诱导获得高效表达,SDS-PAGE电泳检测到明显的134 kD蛋白带。[结论]诱导表达的cry1Ac蛋白对棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫幼虫均有较高的杀虫活性。     

传染性喉气管炎病毒河南株TK基因的克隆与序列分析

根据传染性喉气管炎病毒TK基因的核苷酸序列设计并合成一对引物,利用该对引物PCR扩增出鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒河南株ILTV-CGI、LTV-XY及以色列疫苗株TK全长片段,并进行克隆、测序。结果显示3株ILTV的TK基因全长均为1 183 bp,包含一个开放性阅读框(1 092 bp),编码363个氨基酸的多肽;3株ILTV TK基因核苷酸序列完全一致,并与GenBank收录的ILTV美国632强毒株、北京E2株TK基因完全一致,而与山东烟台株、英国Thorne强毒株和英国216株TK基因核苷酸同源性均为99.5%,与其他疱疹病毒TK基因核苷酸同源性在19.1%～27.2%之间。分子进化分析揭示了各毒株间的亲缘关系。     

香蕉束顶病毒NS株系DNA组分6的克隆及序列分析

通过常规的基因克隆技术，对香蕉束顶病毒NS株系代表分离物的DNA组分6进行了克隆和序列分析，并将该分离物这个组分的序列与先前报道的广州天河分离物（属NSP株系）的该组分序列进行比较，结果表明：该组分全序列，ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列在2个分离物间的变异率分别为3.4%,17%t 2.6%,表明该组分在2个株系代表分离物间存在较显著差异，从而进一步支持了广东BBTV存在2个株系的结论，此外，NS株系代表分离物DNA组分6的全序列，ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列与澳大利亚分离物的变异率分别为14．4％，7．5％和7．1％。