建立辣椒DH纯系中花药培养的研究

本文通过胚状体诱导中影响因素基因型、碳源及活性炭的研究,发现基因型不同,诱导率也不同;3%的蔗糖浓度比较适合辣椒的花药培养;低浓度下活性炭的诱导差异不明显.     

建立辣椒DH纯系中花药培养的研究

本文通过胚状体诱导中影响因素基因型、碳源及活性炭的研究，发现基因型不同，诱导率也不同；3％的蔗糖浓度比较适合辣椒的花药培养；低浓度下活性炭的诱导差异不明显。     

新疆加工型辣椒花药培养技术研究

以6个新疆加工型辣椒品种207、208、64、66、67、HT113为试材,以MSB培养基为基本培养基,附加不同植物激素浓度的NAA、2,4-D、TDZ、KT进行花药培养,研究不同植物激素处理对加工型辣椒花药愈伤组织和胚状体诱导的影响,以建立适应于新疆加工型辣椒的花药培养技术。结果表明:不同基因型辣椒的愈伤组织诱导率和出胚率均不同,愈伤组织诱导率为4.98%~29.65%,胚状体诱导率为0~6.88%。0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.1mg·L~(-1) TDZ和0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.1mg·L~(-1) KT分别是愈伤组织诱导和胚状体诱导最适宜的激素组合;在新疆特有的气候条件和种植模式下,7月中旬前的花药接种培养最为适宜;胚状体继续发育成熟后,通过练苗移栽获得了56株单倍体植株。     

贵州地方辣椒花药培养体系的初步研究

以两个贵州地方辣椒品种:花溪辣椒和青岩辣椒的花药为培养对象,在以MS培养基为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的NAA和KT,并在部分培养基中添加0.4%的活性炭和50μmol/L的AgNO3的培养基中进行培养.这两个辣椒品种不同时期的花药在不同培养基上进行的胚状体诱导试验果表明:激素是影响辣椒胚状诱导率的重要因素.两种辣椒出胚率各不相同.在培养基P5(NAA 0.5mg/L KT 0.5mg/L)中的出胚率达到最高,分别为5.77%和3.68%.花溪辣椒在各种激素浓度的培养基上的出胚率均高于青岩辣椒;添加0,4%的活性炭能提高胚状体的诱导率;生长旺盛时的花蕾作培养材料出胚率较高.添加50μmol/L AgNO3或Vc能有效减轻辣椒花药培养中组织的褐化.     

大白菜黄心品种花药培养影响因素的研究

以7个大白菜杂交种为试材进行花药培养,分析了培养基pH、激素和氨基酸浓度对胚状体发生的影响,以及活性炭对胚状体成苗的促进作用.结果表明:以MS为基本培养基,其适宜的pH为5.6～6.1,激素浓度为NAA 2 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L,脯氨酸浓度为4 mg/L;添加0.8% 的活性炭有利于胚状体继代培养和成苗.     

辣椒花药培养中若干影响因素的研究

 以4个辣椒品种(组合)为试材，通过正交试验，按不同取蕾时期，在培养基中添加不同浓度的硝酸银，维生素C、植物生长调节剂、氮源、碳源、核酸、活性炭等研究对辣椒花药培养中组织褐化、愈伤组织发生率、胚状体的发生率的影响。结果表明：硝酸银、维生素c能有效地减轻组织褐化；对于辣椒花药培养愈伤组织生成率影响较大的前4位依次是植物生长调节剂、活性炭、硝酸银、维生素C；对于胚状体发生率影响较大的前4位依次是维生素C、取蕾时期、碳源、硝酸银。     

辣椒花药培养影响因子初步研究

为研究辣椒花药培养诱导胚状体的影响因素,以3个不同辣椒品种为材料,从基因型的选择、预处理的温度和时间、不同激素浓度、高温热激时间以及活性炭浓度等方面开展试验.结果表明:3个不同辣椒基因型中,有2个基因型获得了胚状体,其中胚状体诱导率较好的是L3,达21.7％;综合看来,以4℃低温预处理2 d的诱导效果较好;添加合适浓度...     

宁夏枸杞花药培养胚状体的诱导

以宁夏枸杞新优品系为试材,利用花药培养技术,研究了不同基因型、激素配比、低温预处理、热激处理、添加活性炭对其胚状体诱导率的影响。结果表明:宁夏枸杞新优品系‘06-16’在基因型筛选中,诱导率最高为0.95%,通过对试验体系进行优化,2.0mg/L KT与0.2mg/L2,4-D的组合诱导率达到2.07%。4℃低温预处理3d或5d、33℃热激处理5d、活性炭浓度为0.8%,均能提高新优品系‘09-106’的胚状体诱导率。     

培养程序及培养基成分对茄子优选植株花药培养的影响

为提高茄子单倍体育种的效率,以优选植株的花蕾为试材,研究不同成分的培养基及培养程序对茄子花药培养胚状体发生和发育的影响。结果表明:诱导培养基中糖的种类和浓度以及聚乙二醇(PEG)浓度,分化、成熟、生根培养基中生长调节剂的浓度和种类等都会影响胚状体的发生和发育。诱导培养基使用蔗糖时,胚状体产生早、发育较成熟但数量少;使用葡萄糖,则胚状体产生数量多,但发育慢;分化培养基中细胞分裂素浓度过高、培养时间过长均不利于形成正常形态的胚状体,导致成苗困难;最终形成了培养结果稳定、可多次重复的茄子花药培养程序:花药→诱导培养基S1培养15 d(36黑暗条件下培养6 d,25光照16 h黑暗8 h培养9 d)→分化培养基B2培养20 d→胚成熟培养基培养20 d→出胚花药生根培养基培养20 d→萌发胚胎生根培养基成苗。     

彩色甜椒的品种及栽培要点

彩色甜椒是甜椒的一种,属于CapsicumannuumL．,虽然甜椒有近200年的栽培历史,但彩色甜椒只在近几十年才开始发展。绝大部分品种均由欧美国家育成。彩色甜椒商品果的颜色有：象牙白色、浅黄色、金黄色、橙色、桔红色、红色、紫色和绿色（幼果）。一、品种介绍1．绿变红?..     

Influence of growing season and donor plant age on anther culture response of some pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.)

The effects of growing season and donor plant age on anther culture in Capsicum were investigated. Pepper cultivars Kekova and Sera Demre 8 were grown under unheated greenhouse conditions in winter season and field conditions in summer season. Flower buds were collected and cultured in weekly intervals from November to May in winter and from April to December in summer. The results of this study indicated that anthers from these two pepper genotypes gave different embryogenic response to seasonal effects. Kekova cultivar gave the highest embryogenic yield in summer season while this was occurred in winter season for Sera Demre 8 cultivar. The results of the study revealed that the effect of donor plant age was also an important factor in anther culture of pepper. Since 4-month-old plants gave the highest embryo yield in both cultivars in each seasons, it is possible to say that anthers collected from old plants have sufficient embryogenic response when the optimum developmental stage is selected.     

Morphology of papaya plants derived via anther culture

This study was set up to investigate the morphological and fruiting characteristics of anther derived triploid papaya and evaluate their usefulness in commercial fruit production and breeding. A commercial diploid dwarf cultivar, ‘Wonder blight’ and 26 anther derived papaya strains were raised in the same green house. Data were collected on their morphological and fruiting characteristics like trunk height, fruiting height and the sizes of leaves, flowers and fruits. The anther derived papaya strains were variable in height and could be classified into dwarf, semi dwarf and tall. All the anther derived papaya strains bore only female flowers and produced fruits parthenocarpically. Parthenocarpic ability was variable among the strains. The dwarf and semi dwarf strains were fewer than the tall strains and they had good bearing and high yield of fruits. Two dwarf strains particularly produced parthenocarpic fruits that weighed an average of 670.0 and 871.3 g, compared to the diploid cultivar, ‘Wonder blight’, whose fruits weighed 696.4 g. The combination of short stature with a high yield of large fruits means that these strains have a lot of potential for exploitation in both breeding and commercial fruit production.     

基因型和有机附加物对小白菜花药培养胚状体诱导的影响

对13个小白菜品种进行花药培养,结果表明:在B5+谷氨酰胺0.8g/L+蔗糖10%固体培养基上有11个诱导出小孢子胚。各品种间小孢子胚产量差别较大,每100枚花药产胚数(诱导率)在0.11%-17.62%之间。比较B5培养基中蔗糖、有机物浓度和谷氨酰胺配比结果表明,B5+2倍B5有机物+谷氨酰胺0.4g/L+蔗糖10%+琼脂0.8%效果较好,小孢子胚最高诱导率达103.91%。     

西瓜花药培养技术研究

以7种不同基因型西瓜为试材进行离体花药培养,对诱导愈伤组织的条件进行了研究。结果表明,西瓜离体花药在MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L,MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.5mg/L,MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L等3种培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,其中野生种331号在MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L培养基上诱导率达到了68.42%。将长势较好的愈伤组织转到MS+三十烷醇2.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上,76%的愈伤组织再生出丛生芽。丛生芽在MS+IBA0.5mg/L的培养基上长出了根,再将其转入1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L培养基上,获得了小植株。     

辣椒子叶和下胚轴的离体培养及高效再生体系的建立

采用三个辣椒品种的子叶和下胚轴,分别离体培养在附加不同激素及化合物的MB5培养基上,对苗龄、基因型、不同外植体和激素组合等对外植体不定芽诱导分化和芽伸长的影响进行研究。结果表明,苗龄对外植体不定芽分化的方式有直接影响;子叶的不定芽分化率高于下胚轴;B5维生素有利于芽的生长和芽伸长率提高。通过比较,筛选出了辣椒子叶和下胚轴离体再生的较好芽分化培养基为MB5＋6--BA5mg／L＋IAA0．5mg／L＋AgNO3 4mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋卡拉胶7g／L;芽伸长培养基为MB5＋6-BA3mg／L＋IAA1mg／L＋GA3 2mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋卡拉胶7g／L;生根培养基为1／zMS＋IAA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L。     

Somatic embryogenesis in pepper anther culture: The effect of incubation treatments and different media

The frequency of obtained androgenic plants depends highly on the genotype; therefore the low rate of haploid recovery limits the utility of anther culture in pepper breeding. The need for incubation treatment and adequate nutrition media supplemented with plant growth regulators, especially auxins, are suggested as important factors to obtain somatic haploid embryos in pepper anther culture. The effect of three incubation treatments of the androgenic potential in pepper anther culture on MS, N, LS, NN and CP medium are summarised, and the results demonstrate that:

•

by incubating treatment in cold conditions (at 7 °C) in darkness for 7 days, and then transferring the explants to light conditions (12-h photoperiod at 25 °C) for 4 weeks, on LS and NN mediums, anthers produced callus;     

Quality fruit improvement in sweet pepper culture by bumblebee pollination

The percentage of ovules that set seeds per fruit has been used to evaluate the bumblebee activity of a two campaigns greenhouse trial. The experiment was carried out with two commercial cultivars of sweet pepper, ‘bell’ type, called Bardenas and Vergasa. The averages of the percentages of seed set per fruit of the two campaigns were 49.8% (Bardenas) and 40.7% (Vergasa) on the pollination treatment, whereas the averages of the control (self-pollination) treatment were 27.5% and 25.7%, respectively. Percentages of seed set per fruit was strongly related with the number of bee visits, but weakly with duration of visits.     

整枝方式对日光温室甜椒（彩色）光合特性及干物质分配的影响

研究了不同整枝方式下（双干整枝、三干整枝、四干整枝）,日光温室彩色甜椒不同叶位叶片光合、蒸腾作用参数的变化及 其植株不同器官干物质的分配规律。结果表明,3种整枝方式下,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、气孔限制值（Ls）、蒸 腾速率（Tr）和单叶水分利用效率（WUE）随叶位的降低而下降,其中Pn的下降是非气孔限制的结果。与双干整枝相应叶位比较,三 干整枝、四干整枝的上位叶、中位叶具有较高的Tr和较低的WUE;三干整枝、四干整枝的下位叶的Tr小于双干整枝下位叶,但WUE高于 双干整枝。3种整枝方式下全株中果实的干物质分配比例均为最高,达50.88 %~60.26 %,其次为茎和叶,向根的分配比例最低。三干 整枝和四干整枝的单株产量和单果质量显著高于双干整枝。     

前期处理对西瓜花药培养愈伤组织诱导的影响

以6份不同基因型西瓜材料为试材,研究了HgCl2消毒处理时间和低温预处理时间对西瓜花药培养愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:用75%酒精处理30s,再用0.1%的HgCl2消毒8min时,西瓜花药污染率和褐化率均较低,可作为西瓜花药培养的主要消毒方法;在4℃预处理48、72h时,西瓜花药培养愈伤组织诱导率较高,均显著高于对照,说明4℃低温预处理可作为花蕾的一种保存方式;基因型间愈伤组织诱导率差异显著,1005愈伤组织诱导率最高。     

辣椒花药开放式培养及不同基因型对花药培养的影响

为了创新花药培养方法,并用于筛选出再生频率较高的辣椒品种,通过改进花蕾灭菌和花药接种方式,以及向NTH培养基中添加抑菌剂,建立了1种辣椒花药开放式培养的方法,具体内容为:对剥去3/4花萼的花蕾灭菌时更易杀死花蕾表面细菌和内生菌;徒手挤压花药降低了对花药的伤害,且花蕾接种速度为镊子夹取处理的2.18倍;添加25 mg/L的氨苄青霉素和25 mg/L的两性霉素B可使花药染菌率降低至1.42%;简化了培养环节,可用于大规模胚状体诱导和双单倍体植株的获得。同时,比较了23个辣椒品种的花药培养效果,筛选到了3个再生频率高的辣椒品种,分别为博辣红牛、H15和辣八螺丝王。