饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

以不同脂肪源配制成等氮等脂的7种试验饲料,对体重为(27.31±0.10)g的大菱鲆幼鱼进行40 d的饲养试验,旨在探讨饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。7种试验饲料的脂肪源分别为鱼油、豆油、菜籽油、花生油、猪油、鱼油+豆油(鱼油∶豆油=1∶1)和鱼油+豆油+猪油(鱼油∶豆油∶猪油=3∶4∶3)。每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。结果表明:鱼油+豆油组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于鱼油组、豆油组和菜籽油组(P0.05),花生油组、猪油组和鱼油+豆油+猪油组的增重率和特定生长率则显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料系数以鱼油+豆油组最低,猪油组最高。各组干物质和总磷表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05),猪油组和鱼油+豆油+猪油组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。花生油组、鱼油+豆油组和豆油组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于猪油组(P0.05)。摄食不同脂肪源饲料的大菱鲆幼鱼鱼体水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05)。猪油组鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于菜籽油组、花生油组和鱼油组(P0.05),其余各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。除C14∶0以外,各组大菱鲆肌肉中的脂肪酸含量和相应饲料中脂肪酸含量呈正相关。大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量以鱼油组和鱼油+豆油组较高,而以花生油组和猪油组较低。结果提示:豆油和菜籽油是大菱鲆幼鱼饲料良好的脂肪源,鱼油和豆油按1∶1混合添加则能使大菱鲆幼鱼更好地生长。     

杂交狼尾草对肉兔生长性能和脂肪酸组成的影响

采用随机区组设计,将30只福建黄兔分为3个组,分别在饲粮中添加10%、30%和50%的杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum ×P.purpureum)草粉,试验期60 d,测定饲喂不同水平杂交狼尾草草粉饲粮条件下,肉兔的主要生产性能和肌肉中脂肪酸组成的变化。结果表明,随着日粮中杂交狼尾草用量的增加,处理2(30%)和处理3(50%)组肉兔的净增重和平均日增重显著低于处理1(10%)组(P＜0.05),各处理组屠宰率差异不显著;随着日粮中杂交狼尾草用量的增加,兔肉的饱和脂肪酸含量降低,多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P＜0.05),PUFA/SFA比值和n 3/n 6比值显著升高(P＜0.05),其中处理2和处理3兔肉α 亚麻酸分别比处理1升高了240.35%和452.63%(P＜0.05)。说明杂交狼尾草能为肉兔所利用,使其α 亚麻酸显著升高,进而改善兔肉的品质。     

维生素E对泥鳅生长性能及消化酶活性的影响

选取平均体重为（1.58±0.01）g的健康泥鳅540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验A、B、C、D、E组饲料中维生素水平分别为24.375、48.75、97.5、195、390 mg/kg,试验期为30 d。结果表明：当维生素E水平为195 mg/kg时,增重率（WG）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率（PER）均达到最大值,饲料系数（FC）达到最小值,分别为112.74%、2.51%、241.23%和2.15,均与对照组差异显著（P＜0.01）。维生素E对泥鳅肠道消化酶活性影响显著,195 mg/kg添加组肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性最高而脂肪酶活性最低,分别为14.96、0.206、20.86 U/g prot,均与对照组差异极显著（P＜0.01）。维生素E分别与增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数进行回归分析并考虑维生素E对泥鳅消化酶活性的影响,确定泥鳅幼鱼维生素E适宜需要量为156～196.28 mg/kg。     

不同脂肪来源的日粮对育成猪的生产性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响

1材料和方法1.1试验动物和试验日粮120头猪只被随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组20头猪,每两头猪圈于一个猪舍,试验时间为83d,将试验时间分成3个阶段,每个阶段的日粮各不相同,各处理组日粮分别是:1)玉米-豆粕     

混合油脂对清远麻鸡胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响及其代谢组机制研究

本试验旨在研究单一和混合油脂日粮对肉鸡生长性能和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响,并利用代谢组学技术探究日粮油脂干预后胸肌脂肪酸组成发生变化的代谢机制,为调控肉鸡脂肪酸组成的研究提供新思路。选取1日龄慢速型清远麻母鸡480只,随机分为2组（每组6个重复,每个重复40只）,对照组（CON）饲喂大豆油日粮,试验组（BOF）饲喂等量的混合油脂（大豆油∶猪油∶鱼油∶椰子油=1.0∶1.0∶0.5∶0.5）日粮,试验期127 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,混合油脂日粮对肉鸡平均日增重没有显著影响（P > 0.05）,但显著降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量和料重比（P < 0.05）;显著增加了肉鸡胸肌中月桂酸（C12∶0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14∶0）、油酸（C18∶1n-9）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA,C20∶5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA,C22∶6n-3）的比例,显著降低了亚油酸（C18∶2n-6）比例（P < 0.05）。利用液相色谱－质谱联用（LC-MS）技术,在试验鸡胸肌中共筛选到110种差异代谢物（变量权重值（VIP） > 1,P < 0.05）,其中63种差异物质被注释,主要是磷脂代谢物,包括磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）等。此外,与对照组相比,混合油脂组显著增加了胸肌中谷胱甘肽和肌肽含量（P < 0.05）。代谢通路富集分析表明,α-亚麻酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、亚油酸代谢和甘油磷酸代谢等脂质代谢通路发生显著改变（P < 0.05）。综上,混合油脂日粮相较于大豆油日粮提高了肉鸡的饲料转化效率,促进了胸肌组织中DHA和EPA的沉积;日粮油脂干预后肉鸡胸肌中磷脂代谢物、氧化稳定性代谢物和脂类代谢途径发生显著改变。本研究鉴定出的差异代谢物和差异代谢通路可为调控肉鸡脂肪酸组成的研究提供参考。     

不同脂肪源对红罗非鱼稚鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究不同脂肪源对红罗非鱼稚鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加4%的猪油(1组)、豆油(2组)、豆油-鱼油混合物(3组)及鱼油(4组),配制成软颗粒饲料,饲喂红罗非鱼稚鱼60 d,不设对照组。结果表明:12组、3组红罗非鱼稚鱼的末均体重和增重率显著高于1组(P0.05),1组饲料系数显著高于其他三组(P0.05),肥满度显著低于其他三组(P0.05),2组鱼体的生长性能最好;2各组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉组织中的脂肪酸组成分别与相应组饲料的脂肪酸组成有明显的相关性,其中1组鱼体与饲料之间脂肪酸组成的相关性最大;3红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成和饲料脂肪酸组成之间也有一定的差异性,鱼体肌肉中的大类脂肪酸(如SFA、MUFA等)的相对含量高于相应饲料,而C182n6、C183n3及EPA的相对含量均比饲料中的低很多,肌肉DHA的含量比饲料高很多;42、3组鱼体肌肉中富含C182n6和C183n3,尤其是C182n6相对含量高达14.49%~21.75%,显著高于1、4组(P0.05),3、4组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉中则富含EPA及DHA,生长性能较好的2、3组鱼其n-3/n-6为0.19~0.74。试验表明,豆油组红罗非鱼稚鱼生长性能最好,3、4组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉中富含HUFA。     

古田黑番鸭、RF白番鸭和黑白花番鸭屠宰性能及胸肉组成成分比较研究

选择古田黑番鸭、RF白番鸭及其杂交后代黑白花番鸭作为试验动物,旨在比较几种番鸭品种的屠宰性能及胸肌组成成分的差异,为番鸭品种资源开发利用提供参考依据。几种番鸭饲养管理条件和饲粮营养水平基本一致,饲养期70 d,试验结束时每品种选择平均体重的公、母番鸭各10羽进行屠宰测定。屠宰性能分析表明：白番鸭的全净膛率、腹脂率、胸肌率、皮脂率最高,黑白花次之,黑番鸭最低;腿肌率黑白花番鸭最高,黑番鸭次之,白番鸭最低;总瘦肉率黑番鸭最高,黑白花番鸭次之,白番鸭最低。但几个品种间各屠宰性能指标均无明显差异（P>0.05）。胸肌组成分析发现：白番鸭胸肌中水分含量略高,但蛋白质和脂肪含量均低于黑番鸭和黑白花番鸭,几种番鸭胸肌中铅和砷的含量均较低,且不同品种间无明显差异;胸肌中氨基酸分析结果表明,与风味相关的几种氨基酸在不同品种间存在差异,黑番鸭胸肌中谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸含量为12.69%、3.57%和4.73%,分别比黑白花番鸭的12.61%、3.48%和4.68%高0.63%、2.59%和1.07%,比白番鸭的12.27%、 3.29%和14.66%高3.42%、8.51%和1.50%,但各组间无...     

发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肌肉脂肪酸的影响

本试验旨在研究脐橙粕发酵前后的营养变化,以及发酵脐橙粕用于替代部分基础日粮对番鸭脂肪酸的影响。试验选取180只体重接近、健康的15日龄黑羽公番鸭,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只,重复之间体重接近(P>0.05),试验组饲喂10%发酵脐橙粕+90%基础日粮,对照组饲喂100%基础日粮,自由饮水和采食,饲养至70日龄屠宰,取左侧胸肌100g,测定番鸭肌肉的脂肪酸。结果表明,脐橙粕发酵之后,能提高脐橙粕的粗蛋白,降低粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙的含量;试验组与对照组的不饱和脂肪酸及其总量、必需脂肪酸及其总量和饱和脂肪酸及其总量差异均不显著。由此可见,单从肌肉脂肪酸含量的角度分析,用发酵脐橙粕替代10%基础日粮喂养番鸭是可行的。     

共轭亚油酸对肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一系列亚油酸(C18：2)的位置和几何异构体的统称。双键位置有8,10;9,11;10,12和11,13(Eulitz等,1999)。每个共轭的双烯异构体有顺(Cis)、反(Tmns)：T,C;C,C;或T,T几何异物。在反刍动物脂肪中占优势的是c9,T11CLA,它占奶产品CLA的80％,牛肉脂肪中CLA的75％。(Chin等,     

Effects of dietary vitamin E on muscle vitamin E and fatty acid content in Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background

Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep.

Methods

Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs (5 mo old) with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles.

Results

Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.05). However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA (MUFA) content in the LL and GM (P < 0.05). All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11-CLA) content in the LL compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9t11-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

Effects of dietary vitamin and fatty acid content in E on muscle vitamin E Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.     

日粮中不同来源多不饱和脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响

选取125日龄,体重为60kg左右的杜×长×大三元去势肥育猪32头,随机分为4组,每组8头,公母各半。对照组添加2%猪油,3个试验组分别添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油和1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油,研究日粮中不同来源脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同油脂对猪生长性能无显著影响;2)日粮中添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油以及1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油组,可以使猪肉中的C18∶3分别提高236.9%(P<0.01)、27.1%(P>0.05)和204.9%(P<0.01);C20∶5分别提高142.4%(P<0.01)、732.9%(P<0.01)和360.5%(P<0.01);C22∶5分别提高24.0%(P>0.05)、40.5%(P<0.05)和36.4%(P<0.05);C22∶6分别提高5.6%(P>0.05)、222.2%(P<0.01)和136.9%(P<0.01);总n-3PUFA的含量提高131.2%(P<0.01)、317.2%(P<0.01)和223.0%(P<0.01);3)各试验组猪肉中总n-3PUFA的含量显著提高,n-6/n-3的值显著降低。     

营养水平对荣昌猪肌内脂肪、脂肪酸含量的影响研究

试验选用84头10 kg左右荣昌阉公猪,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复7头猪,在参照中国瘦肉型猪饲养标准(高营养水平组)、荣昌猪(GB 7223—1987)饲养标准(低营养水平组)配制的2种日粮饲喂条件下,研究日粮营养水平对生长肥育期荣昌阉公猪肌内脂肪、脂肪酸含量及组成的影响。结果表明:本试验条件下,营养水平对生长育肥阶段荣昌猪肌内脂肪含量无显著影响;高营养水平组显著提高荣昌猪35 kg时硬脂酸含量(P0.05)和20 kg时亚麻酸含量(P0.05);荣昌猪的饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,高低营养水平组在各个体重阶段差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α‐tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows

The objective of this trial was to investigate the influences of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA ) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and their interactions on fatty acid composition and vitamins in milk (α‐tocopherol, retinol and β‐carotene) as well as on α‐tocopherol in blood of pluriparous cows from week 6 ante partum until week 10 post‐partum (p.p.). We assigned 59 pluriparous German Holstein cows to four treatment groups with the treatment factors CLA and Vit. E at two levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk fatty acid composition and milk vitamins were analysed on lactation days 7 and 28. α‐tocopherol in blood serum was analysed on days ?42, ?7, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 70 relative to parturition. Milk concentration of α‐tocopherol was influenced by Vit. E (p  < .001) and CLA (p  = .034). Percentage of cis ‐9, trans ‐11 CLA in total milk fat was influenced by treatment with CLA (p  < .001), while for percentage of trans‐ 10, cis ‐12 CLA an interaction between treatment and day (p  = .019), driven by an increase in both CLA groups from day 7 to day 28, was found. Serum ratios of α‐tocopherol to cholesterol were influenced by Vit. E (p  < .001). Results suggest that treatment with CLA during late pregnancy and early lactation is suitable to enhance the proportion of trans‐ 10, cis ‐12 CLA in milk and thereby influencing nutritional properties. As treatment with Vit. E did not have an impact on milk fatty acid composition, it might be possible to increase the antioxidative capacity of the dairy cow without affecting milk properties. Consequently, combined treatment with CLA and Vit. E might elicit synergistic effects on the cow and milk quality by increasing the proportion of CLA in milk fat as well as the excretion of Vit. E and the Vit. E levels in serum.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

Influence of vitamin E on organic matter fermentation,ruminal protein and fatty acid metabolism,protozoa concentrations and transfer of fatty acids

Vitamin E (Vit. E) is discussed to influence ruminal biohydrogenation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a Vit. E supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, ruminal microbial protein synthesis as well as ruminal organic matter fermentation. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the influence of Vit. E supplementation on short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and protozoa concentrations in the rumen and, in addition, on transfer rates of middle‐chain and long‐chain fatty acids into the duodenum in lactating dairy cows. Eight rumen and duodenum fistulated German Holstein cows were assigned to either a group receiving 2,327 IU/d Vit. E (138.6 IU/kg DM DL‐α‐tocopherylacetate; n = 4) or a control group (23.1 IU/kg DM; n = 4). Neither ruminal protein synthesis nor organic matter fermentation was influenced by treatment. Vit. E did not act on the concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids and protozoa in rumen fluid. Duodenal flow of C13:0 (1.3 versus 0.2 g/d, p = 0.014) and iso‐C14:0 (1.0 versus 0.5 g/d, p = 0.050) was higher in the Vit. E group. We observed a trend for higher duodenal flows for C12:0 (1.6 versus 0.9 g/d, p = 0.095) and anteiso‐C15:0 (12.2 versus 8.9 g/d, p = 0.084). Transfer rate of C12:0 tended to be higher in the Vit. E group (125.61 versus 73.96, p = 0.082). No other transfer rates were affected by treatment. Further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of Vit. E on rumen microbiota and their fatty acid production as well as on the impact of different doses of Vit. E supplementation on variables of protein synthesis efficiency.     

Effects of induced subacute ruminal acidosis on milk fat content and milk fatty acid profile

Two lactating dairy cows fitted with a rumen cannula received successively diets containing 0%, 20%, 34% and again 0% of wheat on a dry matter basis. After 5, 10 and 11 days, ruminal pH was measured between 8:00 and 16:00 hours, and milk was analysed for fat content and fatty acid profile. Diets with 20% and 34% wheat induced a marginal and a severe subacute ruminal acidosis respectively. After 11 days, diets with wheat strongly reduced the milk yield and milk fat content, increased the proportions of C8:0 to C13:0 even- or odd-chain fatty acids, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 fatty acids but decreased the proportions of C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1 fatty acids. Wheat also increased the proportions of trans-5 to trans-10 C18:1, the latter exhibiting a 10-fold increase with 34% of wheat compared with value during the initial 0% wheat period. There was also an increase of trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 fatty acid and a decrease of trans-11 to trans-16 C18:1 fatty acids. The evolution during adaptation or after return to a 0% wheat diet was rapid for pH but much slower for the fatty acid profile. The mean ruminal pH was closely related to milk fat content, the proportion of odd-chain fatty acids (linear relationship) and the ratio of trans-10 C18:1/trans-11 C18:1 (nonlinear relationship). Such changes in fatty acid profile suggested a possible use for non-invasive diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis.     

Effect of vitamin E supplementation of sheep and goats fed diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in Se

Vitamin E (VitE) and selenium (Se) are an essential part of the antioxidative functions of metabolism. There are situations of low supply of both micronutrients. As VitE is involved in ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their protection against oxidation in metabolism, diets supplemented with PUFA may challenge VitE to an extent making recommended supplies insufficient. Twelve goats and sheep each were fed a diet supplemented with PUFA and characterised by low Se and limited VitE contents during the last 2 months of gestation and the first 2 months of lactation. The basal diet consisted of hay and concentrate. Six goats and sheep received extra VitE, while the control groups received no extra VitE. Blood and milk samples were taken. In addition, liver, heart muscle and spleen samples were obtained from the offspring after slaughtering at an age of 8 weeks. No significant changes were observed in serum Se and VitE. A significant increase in serum VitE concentrations between 2 and 4 weeks postpartum (pp) was evident in the supplemented kids. In 4, 6 and 8 weeks pp, the serum concentrations of VitE in the supplemented kids were significantly higher compared to the unsupplemented group. In the kids, VitE was higher in liver of the supplemented groups. There were no significant differences in response to extra VitE between sheep and goat. The kids responded to serum VitE different from that of lambs, as a significant difference was observed between supplemented and unsupplemented animals in the goat kids, but not the lambs. In conclusion, goats and sheep have to be viewed differently and may not be considered alike relating to VitE/Se metabolism and requirements, especially in young animals.     

青贮艾草对肉牛生长性能、胴体品质及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

文章旨在研究育肥期肉牛日粮中添加不同水平的青贮艾草对生长性能、胴体品质及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选择15月龄平均体重为(326±22)kg的肉牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验分为育肥前期和育肥后期两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+水稻秸秆,试验组在基础日粮中分别补充5%、10%和15%的青贮艾草,两个阶段精料补充料干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、脂肪酸组成及主要脂肪酸含量相近。结果 :精料摄入量随日粮青贮艾草添加水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05);随着日粮艾草添加水平的升高,肉牛末重和平均日增重表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05),而料比线性降低(P <0.05)。牛的屠体重、眼肌面积和大理石纹评分随日粮青贮艾草添加水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05),而背膘厚度表现为显著二次曲线降低(P <0.05)。眼肌C18:0、C18:1和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著线性降低(P <0.05),亚麻油酸、C18:3、C20:4、C22:0和C24:1脂肪酸含量显著线性降低(P <0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值表现为显著二次曲线增加(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮青贮艾草添加水平对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响表现为二次曲线效应,但高水平青贮艾草降低了肉牛生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质。肉牛育肥期日粮中适宜的青贮艾草添加水平为10%。