康乃馨与菊花无动力自动供液栽培

为了检验无动力自动供液装置在康乃馨和菊花营养液栽培中应用的可行性,对康乃馨与菊花在无动力自动供液简易栽培设施中栽培的条件下与常规栽培条件下的生长情况与切花品质进行了比较研究.结果表明,无动力自动供液简易栽培设施因使用基质的不同,2种花卉的生长与切花品质呈现明显差异,以土壤为固形基质的试验效果与常规栽培基质相同,以玻璃纤维为固形基质的试验效果则因植株位置的不同,生长量差异较大,位处中间位置的植株明显优于两侧的植株.     

平菇菌糠对园林花土基质改良的应用研究

栽培后的园林花池土壤贫瘠化且理化性状变劣,以平菇菌糠添加到花土中研究其改良效果。即菌糠晒干粉碎后按30%的体积比添加到园林花池土中,设对照;以矮牵牛花为试验植物移栽到基质中;矮牵牛花生长过程中分期调查其农艺性状变化;定期检测土壤有机质含量及微生物含量的变化,分析平菇菌糠对土壤改良的效果。结果表明:与对照相比,添加平菇菌糠的花池土的根际微生物数量明显增加、土壤中有机质含量增加;显著促进矮牵牛花的生长及开花。     

不同栽培基质对3种野牡丹属植物生长的影响

为筛选野牡丹属在不同栽培基质上生长的差异,促进野牡丹属植物在城市园林中的推广应用 , 以 3 种野牡丹属植物（白花印度野牡丹 Melastoma candidum var. albiflorum、野牡丹 M. candidum 和毛稔 M. sanguineum）为试验材料,设置了 4 种不同比例泥炭土、蛭石和椰糠混合物 / 料和黄泥栽培基质处理, 比较 3 种植物的净生长量和生物量。研究结果表明,3 种野牡丹属植物苗高、冠幅、叶面积净生长量均以 黄泥栽培基质处理组较高,生长促进效应优于泥炭土、蛭石和椰糠的混合比例处理组;其地上部、地下 部生物量积累也均以黄泥栽培基质组最高。隶属函数分析结果表明,促进 3 种野牡丹植物生长效应的栽 培基质均为黄泥。     

黑木耳菌糠栽培黑木耳的研究

以5％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、45％、50％黑木耳茵糠代替木屑配制培养基栽培黑木耳,与未加菌糠的常规培养基进行产量、质量比较试验。结果表明：黑木耳菌糠代替部分木屑袋栽黑木耳是可行的,用30％的茵糠替代木屑生产黑木耳为最适宜配比。配方为木屑47％、茵糠30％、麸皮20％、石膏1％、玉米粉1％、豆粉1％,生产出的黑木耳产量高、质量好。     

食用菌废菌糠作桃金娘容器育苗基质配方试验

2019—2020年,在福建省漳州市农科所试验基地,以3种常见食用菌菌糠(双孢蘑菇菌糠、秀珍菇菌糠、毛木耳菌糠)与田园土不同比例混合为栽培基质,并与传统育苗基质进行对比,开展桃金娘容器育苗基质试验。结果表明:不同基质移栽的桃金娘容器小苗生长差异极显著,并筛选出最佳移栽基质配方为秀珍菇菌糠∶田园土=1∶3,桃金娘成活率100%,平均株高达39.8 cm,根系发达,平均根鲜重3 g以上,生物量累积最多。     

普洱地区白参菌栽培试验

通过对引进白参菌母种的培养基配方、原种的培养基配方、栽培料配方筛选和栽培方式的试验,结果表明马铃薯麸皮综合培养基可作为白参菌的最佳母种培养基;在原种和栽培种培养基中添加一定量的香菇菌糠和咖啡壳以及菜园土来进行白参菌的栽培是可行的;在参试的三种出菇方式中,以脱袋菌筒直接覆土栽培出菇效果最好,生物学转化率可达90.8%。     

香菇菌糠循环利用的研究

我国每年产生大量菌糠,而这些营养丰富的菌糠往往被丢弃或燃烧,不但造成资源的浪费,同时还导致霉菌和害虫的滋生,造成环境污染。香菇菌糠是一种具有较高利用价值的食用菌培养料,试验研究了用香菇菌糠栽培榆黄蘑,再用榆黄蘑菌糠栽培鸡腿菇,为延长生物质资源循环链提供科学依据。     

现代园艺中的花卉栽培

<正>园艺随着社会的发展而不断提高,现代社会的飞速发展,更是让现代人对园艺有了更高的要求。利用植物造景是园艺的重要部分,而花卉永远是植物中的重要主题。花卉凭借其超高的观赏性在现代园艺中占据非常重要的地位。随着人们对花卉栽培的重视,如今在花卉的种植、选择和栽培上也提出了更高的要求。1花卉园艺的栽培随着经济的发展,花卉园艺已经走进了我们的生活,并且以飞快的速度发展。在园艺栽培的过程中,大多数以花卉为主要材料进行设计实施。为了确保园艺栽     

不同培养条件对摩西球囊霉生长发育的影响

为了获得大量杉木内生菌根菌的接种菌剂,以摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae为研究对象,对其宿主植物、培养基质、栽培密度和营养液浓度四方面培养因素进行了研究。结果表明:摩西球囊霉的最佳宿主植物为高粱,最佳培养基质为3号培养基质处理,即沙:蛭石:土的比例为2∶1∶1(体积比),最佳栽培密度为20株/5L盆,最佳的营养条件为追施用浓度为30%的Hoagland’s营养液。     

利用黑木耳菌糠栽培黑皮鸡枞的研究

本研究确定了利用黑木耳菌糠栽培黑皮鸡枞的最佳配方为菌糠35%、木屑45%、麦麸15%、玉米粉2%、豆粉1%、白灰1%、石膏1%。该配方在子实体产量、生物学转化效率等方面的指标与空白对照组差别不大,且略优于对照组;黑皮鸡枞子实体营养成分含量也较空白对照大致相同。试验证明了利用黑木耳菌糠栽培黑皮鸡枞技术可行。     

砂基栽培中磷素淋失防治研究进展

砂基栽培中的磷素淋溶损失不仅造成肥料利用率降低、农业生产成本上升,还能引起地下和地表水体富营养化。在综合中外有关文献的基础上,阐述了砂基栽培磷素淋溶问题的提出、影响磷素淋溶的因子、防治方法,并对砂基栽培磷素淋溶及其防治作了展望。     

Cultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus eryngii</Emphasis> on umbrella plant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyperus alternifolius</Emphasis>) substrate

Mycelial growth and mushroom yields of three strains of Pleurotus eryngii produced on wheat bran-supplemented umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) substrate were assessed using surface brightness, bromophenol blue color reactions, ergosterol and glucosamine contents, and water potential as indicators of strain performance. Mycelial growth was 31%–46% greater, depending on strain, on the umbrella plant substrate compared with the mushroom industry standard sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) substrate. Mushroom yields on the first flush were 20%–23% higher, depending on strain, on the plastic bottle-contained umbrella plant substrate. However, yields on the second break were lower from the umbrella plant substrate. Because many growers in Japan only harvest one flush, production of P. eryngii on umbrella plant substrate may offer commercial producers an alternative basal ingredient to diminishing supplies of sugi sawdust.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002.     

竹木屑主基质配比菌棒对香菇出菇效率及品质的影响

本文以香菇为试验对象,通过分析竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比菌棒与传统基质菌棒污染率、出菇产量、营养成分和产出效益的差异,筛选出香菇菌棒的最佳竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比(以下简称竹木基质菌棒),系统揭示竹加工剩余物在食用菌栽培利用中的可行性,旨在为竹材资源高效利用提供新的途径.结果表明:3种竹木基质菌棒总污染率显著高于对照(P=0...     

Managing irrigation to reduce nutrient leaching in containerized white spruce seedling production

Increasing irrigation efficiency and reducing groundwater contamination from agricultural and nursery runoff are important components in environmentally compatible plant production practices. The objectives of this study were to quantify mineral leaching from containerized (2+0) white spruce seedlings grown under three different irrigation regimes (30, 40 and 55% V/V) and to determine the effect of irrigation regime on growth, nutritional status, and gas exchange. To negate the effect of environmental variables, a completely randomized block experiment was installed in a normal production run of air-slit containerized white spruce seedlings grown under an unheated polyethylene tunnel. Whereas substrate water content was monitored daily, biweekly measurements of tissue and substrate fertility and seedling morphophysiological variables were made over the course of the growing season. Leaching of mineral nutrients was continuously monitored throughout the experimental period. Reducing volumetric substrate water content from 55 to 30% did not have a significant effect on seedling growth, carbon allocation, tissue nitrogen content, or end-of-season morphology. This irrigation strategy also resulted in a 20% reduction in water usage and, more importantly, reduced the total leachate volume by 65% and the quantity of N leached by 52%. Maintaining rhizosphere water content of (2+0) white spruce seedlings at 40% V/V compromises neither plant growth nor physiological processes. This strategy limits leaching of water and mineral nutrients, and reduces the risk of groundwater contamination, thus enabling growers to meet both quality and environmental standards for seedlings grown in northern forest nurseries.     

红芽大戟组培苗移栽技术的研究

以红芽大戟组培生根苗为移栽材料,研究了不同基质、水肥处理和季节对红芽大戟组培苗移栽效果的影响。结果表明:以泥炭和珍珠岩混合(1∶1)作为移栽基质,成活率最高,达85.30%;喷施0.07%的KH2PO4溶液最能促进移栽苗的生长;较佳的移栽季节为2～4月。     

Nutrient cycling in an agroforestry system with runoff irrigation in Northern Kenya

A nutrient balance was determined for sole and alley cropped Sorghum bicolor and Acacia saligna in a runoff irrigation system in Northern Kenya. Nutrient input including precipitation and runoff, and output through harvest and leaching were measured for N, P, K, Ca and Mg using adsorption resins, tensiometry and suction cups. Various management scenarios are discussed with respect to nutrient return. Nutrient input with rainfall was generally low in comparison to nutrient uptake or leaching losses. The irrigation water, however, constituted an important nutrient input, especially for Ca and Mg. Nutrient export with the harvest was large for N and K, but can effectively be reduced by a nutrient return with mulch. Nutrient leaching losses from the topsoil (0–30 cm) were lower in the sorghum monoculture than in the tree-based systems. In the subsoil (120 cm), however, leaching was effectively reduced by the trees. In the agroforestry system, leaching losses of N under the sorghum were 53% lower than in the sorghum monoculture. This could be attributed to a higher root abundance and a higher ratio of nutrient uptake-to-leaching in the agroforestry system than in the monocultures indicating a higher nutrient efficiency. The lower leaching losses in the agroforestry system compared to the crop monoculture could not compensate for the additional nutrient export in tree biomass. A nutrient return by mulching crop residues and acacia leaves was essential for a positive nutrient balance in the agroforestry system. Combining annual and perennial crops provided a higher internal nutrient cycling than the monocultures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Theory and techniques for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants

The experimental use of the relative addition rate as the driving variable for plant nutrition and growth is reviewed with special attention to the theoretical background and the technical and methodological problems. In this technique the culture solution is not a “nutrient solution” in the classical sense, i.e. a solution with a specified initial concentration of nutrient salts. Instead the solution is a carrier of repeatedly added nutrients to the roots. The nutrients are added quantitatively for a specified growth rate and period of time, to permit a steady state relative uptake rate. High accuracy in the control of nutrition and growth has been obtained in solution culture experiments in which the relative addition rate was applied as the treatment variable, when all necessary nutrients were accounted for, when the additions were made very often, and when the culture solution was in darkness and in good physical contact with the roots.     

Effects of alkyl chain length and the mixing of homologues with different alkyl chains on the leaching characteristics of benzalkonium chloride

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the active ingredient of ACQ-1, one of the most widely used wood preservatives in Japan. BAC in ACQ-1 comprises homologues with different alkyl chains: C12 comprises 74%; C14 26%; and C16 < 1%. To clarify the leaching characteristics and the factors affecting the leaching of BAC homologues, wood specimens treated individually with the C12, C14, and C16 homologues were used in a leaching experiment with distilled water (DW) and artificial sea water (SW). The leaching rates of the BAC homologues were accelerated by the SW, and the order of the leaching rate in both DW and SW was C12 > C14 > C16. When the specimens were treated with a mixture of two of the three homologues, the leaching rates of the C14 and C16 homologues from specimens treated with a solution containing C14 and C16 were lower than that from specimens treated with a solution containing the C14 or C16 homologue together with C12. From the adsorption isotherm of the homologues it is assumed that the formation of BAC aggregates on the treated wood is related to their leaching. BACs consisting of mainly C14 and C16 are thought to be suitable for reducing leaching, particularly in marine usage.     

二溴海因在水培花卉中的应用研究

本试验以绿萝为试验材料,研究二溴海因对水培绿藻的抑制作用,并分析了二溴海因在抑藻过程中对营养液和植株生长的影响。结果表明,在不同浓度处理下,二溴海因均能抑制藻类的生长;酸性和中性条件下,二溴海因浓度为50mg/L时抑制效果最好,碱性条件下抑藻最佳浓度为30mg/L;二溴海因处理对绿萝植株生长和营养液溶解氧影响不明显,对营养液电导率有一定的作用,但不超过植物正常生长所适宜的范围。     

Composition of inorganic elements and the leaching behavior of biomass combustion ashes discharged from wood pellet boilers in Japan

To evaluate the characteristics of wood ash as fertilizer, composition of inorganic elements and the leaching behavior were studied. The leaching behavior was evaluated by three leaching methods using different solvents (water, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid: Japanese leaching test Nos. 18 and 19 and modified toxicity characteristic leaching procedure prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency). The ash composition varied according to raw materials for fuel and ash collection systems. Concentration of Na, Al, Si, and V became higher in bark ashes while that of K became higher in wood ashes. Pb, Cd, Se, and Zn were more volatile and enriched in fly ashes. Of the nutrient elements, K showed high water solubility and its phytoavailability also appeared high, although the amount of water-soluble K was low in bark ash. Ca and Mg had intermediate solubility while P was less soluble in both water and acetic acid. The amount of hazardous substances having leached was low for most, but not all the ashes, in terms of Pb, Cr and As. Nevertheless, the phytoavailability of these hazardous substances after their application to the forest appeared low, due to their amphoteric leaching behavior and the acidity of Japanese forest soils.